scholarly journals A modular, closed-loop platform for intracranial stimulation in people with neurological disorders

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anish A. Sarma ◽  
Britni Crocker ◽  
Sydney S. Cash ◽  
Wilson Truccolo
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Intracranial Stimulation

scholarly journals Advances in the Identification of Circular RNAs and Research Into circRNAs in Human Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihu Jiao ◽  
Song Wu ◽  
Shan Huang ◽  
Mingyang Liu ◽  
Bo Gao
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
The Status ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Microrna Sponges

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a closed-loop structure that are mainly produced by variable processing of precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs). They are widely present in all eukaryotes and are very stable. Currently, circRNA studies have become a hotspot in RNA research. It has been reported that circRNAs constitute a significant proportion of transcript expression, and some are significantly more abundantly expressed than other transcripts. CircRNAs have regulatory roles in gene expression and critical biological functions in the development of organisms, such as acting as microRNA sponges or as endogenous RNAs and biomarkers. As such, they may have useful functions in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. CircRNAs have been found to play an important role in the development of several diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurological disorders, diabetes, and cancer. In this paper, we review the status of circRNA research, describe circRNA-related databases and the identification of circRNAs, discuss the role of circRNAs in human diseases such as colon cancer, atherosclerosis, and gastric cancer, and identify remaining research questions related to circRNAs.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION FOR NEURO REHABILITATION. A NEW DESIGN PARADIGM

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Subramanya K. ◽  
Ajithanjaya Kumar Mijar Kanakabettu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Ideal Candidate ◽  
Design Paradigm ◽  
Stimulation Current ◽  
Novel Design

AbstractOne of the most exciting recent advances in the neuroprosthetics field has been the application of biosignals in the design of functional electrical stimulation (FES) devices. An Electromyogram (EMG) measures the electrical activity in muscles and is often considered as ideal candidate biosignal for designing closed-loop controlled FES system. In this brief communication, we propose a novel design paradigm of a synergistic benefit of incorporating two different design principles in development of an EMG controlled FES system that hold promise for the future of rehabilitation of stroke and other neurological disorders. The proposed system will detect the residual EMG signals from the muscle and suitably adjust the stimulation current amplitude and stimulate the paralyzed muscles with a 'natural' EMG pattern envelope. We offer this design as a fruitful area for fuing recent advances in the neuroprosthetics field has been the application of biosignals in the design of functional electrical stimulation (FES) devices. An Electromyogram (EMG) measures the electrical activity in muscles and is often considered as ideal candidate biosignal for designing closed-loop controlled FES system. In this brief communication, we propose a novel design paradigm of a synergistic benefit of incorporating two different design principles in development of an EMG controlled FES system that hold promise for the future of rehabilitation of stroke and other neurological disorders. The proposed system will detect the residual EMG signals from the muscle and suitably adjust the stimulation current amplitude and stimulate the paralyzed muscles with a 'natural' EMG pattern envelope. We offer this design as a fruitful area for future research and clinical application.

Is Closed-Loop, Time-Locked Primary Motor Cortex Stimulation an Ideal Target for Improving Movements in Neurological Disorders?

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1341-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt J.N. Brown ◽  
Antonella Macerollo ◽  
James M. Kilner ◽  
Robert Chen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Cortex Stimulation

scholarly journals Predicting the effects of deep brain stimulation using a reduced coupled oscillator model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gihan Weerasinghe ◽  
Benoit Duchet ◽  
Hayriye Cagnan ◽  
Peter Brown ◽  
Christian Bick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Kuramoto Model ◽  
Brain Oscillations ◽  
Hybrid Strategy ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deep Brain

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is known to be an effective treatment for a variety of neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor (ET). At present, it involves administering a train of pulses with constant frequency via electrodes implanted into the brain. New ‘closed-loop’ approaches involve delivering stimulation according to the ongoing symptoms or brain activity and have the potential to provide improvements in terms of efficiency, efficacy and reduction of side effects. The success of closed-loop DBS depends on being able to devise a stimulation strategy that minimizes oscillations in neural activity associated with symptoms of motor disorders. A useful stepping stone towards this is to construct a mathematical model, which can describe how the brain oscillations should change when stimulation is applied at a particular state of the system. Our work focuses on the use of coupled oscillators to represent neurons in areas generating pathological oscillations. Using a reduced form of the Kuramoto model, we analyse how a patient should respond to stimulation when neural oscillations have a given phase and amplitude. We predict that, provided certain conditions are satisfied, the best stimulation strategy should be phase specific but also that stimulation should have a greater effect if applied when the amplitude of brain oscillations is lower. We compare this surprising prediction with data obtained from ET patients. In light of our predictions, we also propose a new hybrid strategy which effectively combines two of the strategies found in the literature, namely phase-locked and adaptive DBS.Author summaryDeep brain stimulation (DBS) involves delivering electrical impulses to target sites within the brain and is a proven therapy for a variety of neurological disorders. Closed loop DBS is a promising new approach where stimulation is applied according to the state of a patient. Crucial to the success of this approach is being able to predict how a patient should respond to stimulation. Our work focusses on DBS as applied to patients with essential tremor (ET). On the basis of a theoretical model, which describes neurons as oscillators that respond to stimulation and have a certain tendency to synchronize, we provide predictions for how a patient should respond when stimulation is applied at a particular phase and amplitude of the ongoing tremor oscillations. Previous experimental studies of closed loop DBS provided stimulation either on the basis of ongoing phase or amplitude of pathological oscillations. Our study suggests how both of these measurements can be used to control stimulation. As part of this work, we also look for evidence for our theories in experimental data and find our predictions to be satisfied in one patient. The insights obtained from this work should lead to a better understanding of how to optimise closed loop DBS strategies.

scholarly journals CLoSES: A platform for closed-loop intracranial stimulation in humans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Zelmann ◽  
Angelique C. Paulk ◽  
Ishita Basu ◽  
Anish Sarma ◽  
Ali Yousefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Intracranial Stimulation ◽  
Decision Algorithm ◽  
Depth Electrodes ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Epilepsy Monitoring

AbstractTargeted interrogation of brain networks through invasive brain stimulation has become an increasingly important research tool as well as a therapeutic modality. The majority of work with this emerging capability has been focused on open-loop approaches. Closed-loop techniques, however, could improve neuromodulatory therapies and research investigations by optimizing stimulation approaches using neurally informed, personalized targets. Specifically, closed-loop direct electrical stimulation tests in humans performed during semi-chronic electrode implantation in patients with refractory epilepsy could help deepen our understanding of basic research questions as well as the mechanisms and treatment solutions for many neuropsychiatric diseases.However, implementing closed-loop systems is challenging. In particular, during intracranial epilepsy monitoring, electrodes are implanted exclusively for clinical reasons. Thus, detection and stimulation sites must be participant- and task-specific. In addition, the system must run in parallel with clinical systems, integrate seamlessly with existing setups, and ensure safety features. A robust, yet flexible platform is required to perform different tests in a single participant and to comply with clinical settings.In order to investigate closed-loop stimulation for research and therapeutic use, we developed a Closed-Loop System for Electrical Stimulation (CLoSES) that computes neural features which are then used in a decision algorithm to trigger stimulation in near real-time. To summarize CLoSES, intracranial EEG signals are acquired, band-pass filtered, and local and network features are continuously computed. If target features are detected (e.g. above a preset threshold for certain duration), stimulation is triggered. An added benefit is the flexibility of CLoSES. Not only could the system trigger stimulation while detecting real-time neural features, but we incorporated a pipeline wherein we used an encoder/decoder model to estimate a hidden cognitive state from the neural features. Other features include randomly timed stimulation, which percentage of biomarker detections produce stimulation, and safety refractory periods.CLoSES has been successfully used in twelve patients with implanted depth electrodes in the epilepsy monitoring unit during cognitive tasks, spindle detection during sleep, and epileptic activity detection. CLoSES provides a flexible platform to implement a variety of closed-loop experimental paradigms in humans. We anticipate that probing neural dynamics and interaction between brain states and stimulation responses with CLoSES will lead to novel insights into the mechanism of normal and pathological brain activity, the discovery and evaluation of potential electrographic biomarkers of neurological and psychiatric disorders, and the development and testing of patient-specific stimulation targets and control signals before implanting a therapeutic device.

scholarly journals An investigation into closed-loop treatment of neurological disorders based on sensing mitochondrial dysfunction

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Adams ◽  
Abbas Z. Kouzani ◽  
Susannah J. Tye ◽  
Kevin E. Bennet ◽  
Michael Berk
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Closed Loop

scholarly journals CLoSES: A platform for closed-loop intracranial stimulation in humans

NeuroImage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 117314
Author(s):  
Rina Zelmann ◽  
Angelique C. Paulk ◽  
Ishita Basu ◽  
Anish Sarma ◽  
Ali Yousefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Intracranial Stimulation

A wirelessly powered log-based closed-loop deep brain stimulation SoC with two-way wireless telemetry for treatment of neurological disorders

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Gyuem Rhew ◽  
Jaehun Jeong ◽  
Jeffrey A. Fredenburg ◽  
Sunjay Dodani ◽  
Parag Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Wireless Telemetry ◽  
Deep Brain

scholarly journals Closed-loop intracranial stimulation alters movement timing in humans

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 886-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartlett D. Moore ◽  
Adam R. Aron ◽  
Nitin Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Intracranial Stimulation ◽  
Movement Timing

Ultrastructural Effects of Acute Kepone Treatment in Rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
Richard L. Klein ◽  
Åsa K. Thureson-Klein ◽  
Harihara M. Mehendale
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

KeponeR (decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta[cd]pentalen-2-one) is an insecticide effective against ants and roaches. It can cause severe toxicity in fishes, birds, rodents and man. Prominent effects include hepatic lipid deposition and hypertrophy, impairment of reproductive capacity and neurological disorders. Mitochondrial oligomycin-sensitive Mg2+-ATPase is also inhibited. The present study is a preliminary investigation of tissue ultrastructural changes accompanying physiological signs of acute toxicity, which after two days treatment include: pronounced hypersensitivity and tremor, various degrees of anorexia and adipsia, and decreased weight gain.Three different series of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River or CD-I) were treated by intubation with Kepone in corn oil at a dose of 50 mg per kg for 3 successive days or at 200 ppm in food for 8 days. After ether anesthesia, rats were immediately perfused via a cannula in the left ventricle with 4% p-formaldehyde and 0.5% glutaraldehyde in Millonig's phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 for 20-30 min at 22°C.

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