Real-time acoustic analysis for flow rate estimation in a medical aerosol application

This paper discusses a real-time flow-rate estimation method for a tilting-ladle-type automatic pouring machine used in the casting industry. In most pouring machines, molten metal is poured into a mold by tilting the ladle. Precise pouring is required to improve productivity and ensure a safe pouring process. To achieve precise pouring, it is important to control the flow rate of the liquid outflow from the ladle. However, due to the high temperature of molten metal, directly measuring the flow rate to devise flow-rate feedback control is difficult. To solve this problem, specific flow-rate estimation methods have been developed. In the previous study by present authors, a simplified flow-rate estimation method was proposed, in which Kalman filters were decentralized to motor systems and the pouring process for implementing into the industrial controller of an automatic pouring machine used a complicatedly shaped ladle. The effectiveness of this flow rate estimation was verified in the experiment with the ideal condition. In the present study, the appropriateness of the real-time flow-rate estimation by decentralization of Kalman filters is verified by comparing it with two other types of existing real-time flow-rate estimations, i.e., time derivatives of the weight of the outflow liquid measured by the load cell and the liquid volume in the ladle measured by a visible camera. We especially confirmed the estimation errors of the candidate real-time flow-rate estimations in the experiments with the uncertainty of the model parameters. These flow-rate estimation methods were applied to a laboratory-type automatic pouring machine to verify their performance.

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Hybrid method based on particle filter and NARX for real-time flow rate estimation in multi-product pipelines

Journal of Process Control ◽

10.1016/j.jprocont.2020.02.004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 88 ◽

pp. 19-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lei He ◽

Kai Wen ◽

Changchun Wu ◽

Jing Gong ◽

Xie Ping

Keyword(s):

Particle Filter ◽

Real Time ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Hybrid Method ◽

Rate Estimation ◽

Time Flow

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Technique for Improving the Flow Rate Estimation Range by Using an Axial Flow Water Turbine Generator

IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications ◽

10.1541/ieejias.137.30 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 137 (1) ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

Hiroaki Narita ◽

Makoto Saruwatari ◽

Jun Matsui ◽

Yasutaka Fujimoto

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Axial Flow ◽

Turbine Generator ◽

Rate Estimation ◽

Water Turbine ◽

Estimation Range

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Dynamic Modelling and Simulation of a Multistage Flash Desalination System

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9030522 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 522

Author(s):

Qiu-Yun Huang ◽

Ai-Peng Jiang ◽

Han-Yu Zhang ◽

Jian Wang ◽

Yu-Dong Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Mass Flow Rate ◽

Mass Flow ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Dynamic Change ◽

Seawater Temperature ◽

Dynamic Modelling ◽

Optimal Operation ◽

Simultaneous Solution ◽

Time Optimal

As the leading thermal desalination method, multistage flash (MSF) desalination plays an important role in obtaining freshwater. Its dynamic modeling and dynamic performance prediction are quite important for the optimal control, real-time optimal operation, maintenance, and fault diagnosis of MSF plants. In this study, a detailed mathematical model of the MSF system, based on the first principle and its treatment strategy, was established to obtain transient performance change quickly. Firstly, the whole MSF system was divided into four parts, which are brine heat exchanger, flashing stage room, mixed and split modulate, and physical parameter modulate. Secondly, based on mass, energy, and momentum conservation laws, the dynamic correlation equations were formulated and then put together for a simultaneous solution. Next, with the established model, the performance of a brine-recirculation (BR)-MSF plant with 16-stage flash chambers was simulated and compared for validation. Finally, with the validated model and the simultaneous solution method, dynamic simulation and analysis were carried out to respond to the dynamic change of feed seawater temperature, feed seawater concentration, recycle stream mass flow rate, and steam temperature. The dynamic response curves of TBT (top brine temperature), BBT (bottom brine temperature), the temperature of flashing brine at previous stages, and distillate mass flow rate at previous stages were obtained, which specifically reflect the dynamic characteristics of the system. The presented dynamic model and its treatment can provide better analysis for the real-time optimal operation and control of the MSF system to achieve lower operational cost and more stable freshwater quality.

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Real Time Monitoring of Roll Cooling Water Flow Rate

COMADEM 89 International ◽

10.1007/978-1-4684-8905-7_26 ◽

1989 ◽

pp. 159-164

Author(s):

H. Kaghazchi ◽

R. Hilliard

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Water Flow ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Water Flow Rate ◽

Cooling Water ◽

Real Time Monitoring ◽

Cooling Water Flow Rate

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Electrostatic Sensor for Real–Time Mass Flow Rate Measurement of Particle Conveying in Pneumatic Pipeline

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v41.712 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohd. Fua’ad Rahmat ◽

Wee Lee Yaw

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Mass Flow Rate ◽

Mass Flow ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Cross Correlation ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Industrial Processes ◽

Rate Measurement ◽

Flow Rate Measurement ◽

Controlled Flow

This paper discussed the electrostatic sensors that have been constructed for real–time mass flow rate measurement of particle conveying in a Pneumatic pipeline. Many industrial processes require continuous, smooth, and consistent delivery of solids materials with a high accuracy of controlled flow rate. This requirement can only be achieved by installing a proper measurement system. Electrostatic sensor offers the most inexpensive and simplest means of measuring solids flows in pipes. Key words: Electrostatic sensor, cross-correlation, peripheral velocity

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Real-time Neonatal Respiratory Rate Estimation using a Pressure-Sensitive Mat

2018 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA) ◽

10.1109/memea.2018.8438682 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amente Bekele ◽

Shermeen Nizami ◽

Yasmina Souley Dosso ◽

Cheryl Aubertin ◽

Kim Greenwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Rate ◽

Real Time ◽

Rate Estimation ◽

Pressure Sensitive

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Delivering Pressure Transient Analysis During Drawdown on ESP Wells: Case Studies and Lessons Learned

10.2118/204567-ms ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lawrence Camilleri ◽

Mohammed Al-Jorani ◽

Mohammed Kamal Aal Najar ◽

Joseph Ayoub

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Case Studies ◽

Flow Rate ◽

High Frequency ◽

Transient Analysis ◽

Continuous Production ◽

Complete Analysis ◽

Pressure Transient Analysis ◽

Pressure Transient ◽

Production History

Abstract While pressure transient analysis (PTA) is a proven interpretation technique, it is mostly used on buildups because drawdowns are difficult to interpret. However, the deferred production associated with buildups discourages regular application of PTA to determine skin and identify boundary conditions. Several case studies are presented covering a range of well configurations to illustrate how downhole transient liquid rate measurements with electrical submersible pump (ESP) gauges enable PTA during drawdown and therefore real-time optimization. The calculation of high-frequency transient flow rates using ESP gauge real-time data is based on the principle that the power absorbed by the pump is equal to that generated by the motor. This technique is independent of fluid specific gravity and therefore is self-calibrating with changes in water cut and phase segregation. Analytical equations ensure that the physics is always respected, thereby providing the necessary repeatability. The combination of downhole transient high-frequency flow rate and permanent pressure gauge data enables PTA using commonly available analytical techniques and software, especially because superposition time is calculated accurately. The availability of continuous production history brings significant value for PTA. It makes it possible to perform history matching and to deploy semilog analysis using an accurate set of superposition time functions. However, the application of log-log analysis techniques is usually more challenging because of imperfections in input data such as noise, oversimplified production history, time-synchronization issues, or wellbore effects. These limitations are solved by utilizing high-frequency downhole data from ESP. This is possible first as superposition time is effectively an integral function, which dampens any noise in the flow rate signal. Another important finding is that wellbore effects in subhydrostatic wells are less impactful in drawdowns than in buildups where compressibility and redistribution can mask reservoir response. Key reservoir properties, in particular mobility, can nearly always be estimated, leading to better skin factor determination even without downhole shut-in. Finally, with the constraint of production deferment eliminated, drawdowns can be monitored for extended durations to identify boundaries and to perform time-lapse interpretation more efficiently. Confirming a constant pressure boundary or a change in skin enables more effective and proactive production management. In all cases considered, a complete analysis was possible, including buildup and drawdown data comparison. With the development of downhole flow rate calculation technology, it is now possible to provide full inflow characterization in a matter of days following an ESP workover, without any additional hardware or staff mobilization to the wellsite and no deferred production. More importantly, the technique provides the necessary information to diagnose the cause of underproduction, identify stimulation candidates, and manage drawdown.

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