Comparative Analysis of Two Stage and Single Stage Detectors for Anomaly Detection

The paper analyzes electric energy consumption of three different refrigeration installations: cascade refrigeration system with R134a in the high temperature circuit and CO2 in the low temperature circuit, single stage refrigeration system operating with R404A and two-stage transcritical CO2 system. The indirect impact of the refrigeration system on global warming through electric energy consumption was examined. Thermodynamic cycles of these installations have been described and models have been developed to analyze the electric energy consumption required to drive the compressor as the largest consumer, for the cooling capacity of the evaporator 5,7 kW at evaporation temperature -30 °C for meteorological 2017, in the city of Belgrade. As a basis for comparative analysis, the existing cascade refrigeration system, which is located in the Laboratory for Thermal Science at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Belgrade, was selected.

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The anaerobic treatment of a ligno-cellulosic substrate offering little natural pH buffering capacity

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0574 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (4-5) ◽

pp. 29-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

C. J. Banks ◽

P. N. Humphreys

Keyword(s):

Ph Control ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

Buffering Capacity ◽

Single Stage ◽

Stable Operation ◽

Reactor Performance ◽

Two Stage ◽

Ph Buffering ◽

Stage System ◽

The Stability

The stability and operational performance of single stage digestion with and without liquor recycle and two stage digestion were assessed using a mixture of paper and wood as the digestion substrate. Attempts to maintain stable digestion in both single stage reactors were unsuccessful due to the inherently low natural buffering capacity exhibited; this resulted in a rapid souring of the reactor due to unbuffered volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation. The use of lime to control pH was unsatisfactory due to interference with the carbonate/bicarbonate equilibrium resulting in wide oscillations in the control parameter. The two stage system overcame the pH stability problems allowing stable operation for a period of 200 days without any requirement for pH control; this was attributed to the rapid flushing of VFA from the first stage reactor into the second stage, where efficient conversion to methane was established. Reactor performance was judged to be satisfactory with the breakdown of 53% of influent volatile solids. It was concluded that the reactor configuration of the two stage system offers the potential for the treatment of cellulosic wastes with a sub-optimal carbon to nitrogen ratio for conventional digestion.

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Numerical assessment on the performance of variable area single- and two-stage ejectors: A comparative study

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part E Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1177/09544089211033129 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095440892110331

Author(s):

Anil Kumar ◽

Virendra Kumar ◽

PMV Subbarao ◽

Surendra K Yadav ◽

Gaurav Singhal

Keyword(s):

Change Theory ◽

Single Stage ◽

Two Stage ◽

Entrainment Ratio ◽

Ansys Fluent ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Flow Parameters ◽

Constant Rate ◽

Numerical Assessment ◽

The One

The two-stage ejector has been suggested to replace the single-stage ejector geometrical configuration better to utilize the discharge flow’s redundant momentum to induce secondary flow. In this study, the one-dimensional gas dynamic constant rate of momentum change theory has been utilized to model a two-stage ejector along with a single-stage ejector. The proposed theory has been utilized in the computation of geometry and flow parameters of both the ejectors. The commercial computational fluid dynamics tool ANSYS-Fluent 14.0 has been utilized to predict performance and visualize the flow. The performance in terms of entrainment ratio has been compared under on- design and off-design conditions. The result shows that the two-stage ejector configuration has improved (≈57%) entrainment capacity than the single-stage ejector under the on-design condition.

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Comparative analysis of the magnetoelectric drive with linear drives of low-speed single-stage piston units

10.1063/5.0027296 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

A. A. Tatevosyan ◽

S. S. Busarov ◽

R. E. Kobyl'skiy ◽

T. A. Zamiralova

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Single Stage ◽

Low Speed

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Outcomes of single-stage compared to two-stage basilic vein transposition fistulae

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology ◽

10.1016/j.jvir.2013.01.086 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. S39 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Agarwal ◽

M. Mantell ◽

R. Cohen ◽

Y. Yan ◽

S. Trerotola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Stage ◽

Basilic Vein ◽

Two Stage

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Two-Stage Leach-Bed Reactor System is Advantageous Over Single-Stage Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor in Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Fibrous Sorghum

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3925443 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Marina Pasteris ◽

Monika Heiermann ◽

Susanne Theuerl ◽

Vincent Plogsties ◽

Carsten Jost ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Single Stage ◽

Reactor System ◽

Stirred Tank ◽

Two Stage ◽

Stirred Tank Reactor ◽

Tank Reactor ◽

Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor

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Outcomes of single- and two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty for chronic periprosthetic joint infection

The Bone & Joint Journal ◽

10.1302/0301-620x.103b8.bjj-2021-0224.r1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 103-B (8) ◽

pp. 1373-1379

Author(s):

Hosam E. Matar ◽

Benjamin V. Bloch ◽

Susan E. Snape ◽

Peter J. James

Keyword(s):

Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Joint Infection ◽

Recurrent Infection ◽

Primary Outcome Measure ◽

Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Single Stage ◽

Two Stage ◽

Joint Infections ◽

Total Knee

Aims Single-stage revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) is gaining popularity in treating chronic periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). We have introduced this approach to our clinical practice and sought to evaluate rates of reinfection and re-revision, along with predictors of failure of both single- and two-stage rTKA for chronic PJI. Methods A retrospective comparative cohort study of all rTKAs for chronic PJI between 1 April 2003 and 31 December 2018 was undertaken using prospective databases. Patients with acute infections were excluded; rTKAs were classified as single-stage, stage 1, or stage 2 of two-stage revision. The primary outcome measure was failure to eradicate or recurrent infection. Variables evaluated for failure by regression analysis included age, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, infecting organisms, and the presence of a sinus. Patient survivorship was also compared between the groups. Results A total of 292 consecutive first-time rTKAs for chronic PJI were included: 82 single-stage (28.1%); and 210 two-stage (71.9%) revisions. The mean age was 71 years (27 to 90), with 165 females (57.4%), and a mean BMI of 30.9 kg/m2 (20 to 53). Significantly more patients with a known infecting organism were in the single-stage group (93.9% vs 80.47%; p = 0.004). The infecting organism was identified preoperatively in 246 cases (84.2%). At a mean follow-up of 6.3 years (2.0 to 17.6), the failure rate was 6.1% in the single-stage, and 12% in the two-stage groups. All failures occurred within four years of treatment. The presence of a sinus was an independent risk factor for failure (odds ratio (OR) 4.97; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.593 to 15.505; p = 0.006), as well as age > 80 years (OR 5.962; 95% CI 1.156 to 30.73; p = 0.033). The ten-year patient survivorship rate was 72% in the single-stage group compared with 70.5% in the two-stage group. This difference was not significant (p = 0.517). Conclusion Single-stage rTKA is an effective strategy with a high success rate comparable to two-stage approach in appropriately selected patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(8):1373–1379.

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