Discovering Rules of Adaptation and Interaction: From Molecules and Gene Interaction to Brain Functions

The education system in Indonesia emphasize on academic intelligence, whichincludes only two or three aspects, more than on the other aspects of intelligence. For thatreason, many children who are not good at academic intelligence, but have good potentials inother aspects of intelligence, do not develop optimally. They are often considered and labeledas "stupid children" by the existing system. This phenomenon is on the contrary to the theoryof multiple intelligences proposed by Howard Gardner, who argues that intelligence is theability to solve various problems in life and produce products or services that are useful invarious aspects of life.Human intelligence is a combination of various general and specific abilities. Thistheory is different from the concept of IQ (intelligence quotient) that involves only languageskills, mathematical, and spatial logics. According to Gardner, there are nine aspects ofintelligence and its potential indicators to be developed by each child born without a braindefect. What Gardner suggested can be considered as a starting point to a perspective thatevery child has a unique individual intelligence. Parents have to treat and educate theirchildren proportionally and equitably. This treatment will lead to a pattern of education that isfriendly to the brain and to the plurality of children’s potential.More than the above points, the notion that multiple intelligences do not just comefrom the brain needs to be followed. Humans actually have different immaterial (spiritual)aspects that do not refer to brain functions. The belief in spiritual aspects and its potentialsmeans that human beings have various capacities and they differ from physical capacities.This is what needs to be addressed from the perspective of education today. The philosophyand perspective on education of the educators, education stakeholders, and especially parents,are the first major issue to be addressed. With this step, every educational activity andcommunication within the family is expected to develop every aspect of children'sintelligence, especially the spiritual intelligence.

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Non-invasive Studies on Human Brain Functions by using SQUID Gradiometer

Seibutsu Butsuri ◽

10.2142/biophys.34.223 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 223-228

Author(s):

Atsushi NAMBU

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Brain Functions ◽

Non Invasive

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Identifying Alzheimer’s Disease-related miRNA Based on Semi-clustering

Current Gene Therapy ◽

10.2174/1566523219666190924113737 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 216-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tianyi Zhao ◽

Donghua Wang ◽

Yang Hu ◽

Ningyi Zhang ◽

Tianyi Zang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Drug Targets ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Feature Vector ◽

Mirna Gene ◽

Interaction Network ◽

Gene Interaction ◽

Proteinprotein Interaction ◽

Synaptic Structures

Background: More and more scholars are trying to use it as a specific biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Multiple studies have indicated that miRNAs are associated with poor axonal growth and loss of synaptic structures, both of which are early events in AD. The overall loss of miRNA may be associated with aging, increasing the incidence of AD, and may also be involved in the disease through some specific molecular mechanisms. Objective: Identifying Alzheimer’s disease-related miRNA can help us find new drug targets, early diagnosis. Materials and Methods: We used genes as a bridge to connect AD and miRNAs. Firstly, proteinprotein interaction network is used to find more AD-related genes by known AD-related genes. Then, each miRNA’s correlation with these genes is obtained by miRNA-gene interaction. Finally, each miRNA could get a feature vector representing its correlation with AD. Unlike other studies, we do not generate negative samples randomly with using classification method to identify AD-related miRNAs. Here we use a semi-clustering method ‘one-class SVM’. AD-related miRNAs are considered as outliers and our aim is to identify the miRNAs that are similar to known AD-related miRNAs (outliers). Results and Conclusion: We identified 257 novel AD-related miRNAs and compare our method with SVM which is applied by generating negative samples. The AUC of our method is much higher than SVM and we did case studies to prove that our results are reliable.

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Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its Sulphate (DHEAS) in Alzheimer’s Disease

Current Alzheimer Research ◽

10.2174/1567205017666200317092310 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 141-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dubravka S. Strac ◽

Marcela Konjevod ◽

Matea N. Perkovic ◽

Lucija Tudor ◽

Gordana N. Erjavec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Large Scale ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Brain Functions ◽

Specific Effects ◽

And Behavior

Background: Neurosteroids Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate (DHEAS) are involved in many important brain functions, including neuronal plasticity and survival, cognition and behavior, demonstrating preventive and therapeutic potential in different neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease. Objective: The aim of the article was to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on the involvement of DHEA and DHEAS in Alzheimer’s disease. Method: PubMed and MEDLINE databases were searched for relevant literature. The articles were selected considering their titles and abstracts. In the selected full texts, lists of references were searched manually for additional articles. Results: We performed a systematic review of the studies investigating the role of DHEA and DHEAS in various in vitro and animal models, as well as in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, and provided a comprehensive discussion on their potential preventive and therapeutic applications. Conclusion: Despite mixed results, the findings of various preclinical studies are generally supportive of the involvement of DHEA and DHEAS in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease, showing some promise for potential benefits of these neurosteroids in the prevention and treatment. However, so far small clinical trials brought little evidence to support their therapy in AD. Therefore, large-scale human studies are needed to elucidate the specific effects of DHEA and DHEAS and their mechanisms of action, prior to their applications in clinical practice.

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