Regulation on low voltage level - a collective approach

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hashimoto ◽  
C.M.V. Tahan ◽  
M.R. Gouvea
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Level

scholarly journals Voltage Variations and Their Reduction in a Rural Low-Voltage Network with PV Sources of Energy

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1620
Author(s):  
Agata Szultka ◽  
Seweryn Szultka ◽  
Stanislaw Czapp ◽  
Ryszard Zajczyk
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Overhead Line ◽  
Power Networks ◽  
Cable Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Voltage Level ◽  
Wide Scale

Renewable sources of energy (RES), especially photovoltaic (PV) micro-sources, are very popular in many countries. This way of clean power production is applied on a wide scale in Poland as well. The Polish legal regulations and tariffs specify that every prosumer in a low-voltage network may feed this network with a power not higher than the maximum declared consumed power. In power networks with RES, the voltage level changes significantly along the power line and depends on the actually generated as well as consumed power by particular prosumers. There are cases that prosumers connected to this line cannot produce and inject the full permissible power from PV sources due to the level of a voltage higher than the technically acceptable value. In consequence, it leads to the lack of profitability of investments in installations with PV sources. In this paper, voltage variations in a real rural low-voltage network with PV micro-sources are described. The possible two general solutions of voltage levels improvement are discussed—increase in the cross-sectional area of the bare conductors in the existing overhead line as well as the replacement of the overhead line with a cable line. The recommended solution for the analyzed network, giving the best reduction of voltage variations and acceptable cost, is underlined. Such a recommendation can also be utilized in other rural networks.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Static Breakdown Voltage of the Lubricating Film in a Mechanical Ball Bearing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Joshi ◽  
Jörgen Blennow
Keyword(s):  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Pulse Discharge ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Voltage Level ◽  
Lubricating Film ◽  
Discharge Activity ◽  
Inception Voltage ◽  
Insulating Properties ◽  
Different Levels

<p>In this paper, the current pulse (discharge) activity in a small bearing is investigated when current-limited DC voltages of different levels are applied to the shaft under varying rotational speeds and mechanical loads. The measurements show that the inception voltage of discharges in the bearing is higher than the extinction voltage. However, when the discharge activity has been intense the bearing exhibits difficulties to recover its insulating properties when the voltage is decreased to a low voltage level and thus the discharge activity continues. The measurements also show that at low voltages the bearing acts as an insulator but if the voltage is increased the bearing starts to act as a conductor. This transition occurs during a narrow voltage interval. The time interval between two consecutive current pulses decreases significantly with increasing shaft voltage.</p>

Research on the Reactive Power Optimization

2013 ◽  
Vol 385-386 ◽  
pp. 991-994
Author(s):  
Yan Yan Wang ◽  
Yan Song Li
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Optimization ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Reactive Power Optimization ◽  
Voltage Level ◽  
Line Network ◽  
Improved Pso

The power system is facing line losses, low voltage level and some other issues, this article begin with the point of the reactive power optimization, and through with the improved PSO algorithm, we find a way to reduce the line network loss.

scholarly journals Optimization and Characterization of CMOS for Ultra Low Power Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mohd. Ajmal Kafeel ◽  
S. D. Pable ◽  
Mohd. Hasan ◽  
M. Shah Alam
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Design Constraint ◽  
Voltage Level ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Operating Region ◽  
Tcad Simulation ◽  
Subthreshold Circuits

Aggressive voltage scaling into the subthreshold operating region holds great promise for applications with strict energy budget. However, it has been established that higher speed superthreshold device is not suitable for moderate performance subthreshold circuits. The design constraint for selectingVthandTOXis much more flexible for subthreshold circuits at low voltage level than superthreshold circuits. In order to obtain better performance from a device under subthreshold conditions, it is necessary to investigate and optimize the process and geometry parameters of a Si MOSFET at nanometer technology node. This paper calibrates the fabrication process parameters and electrical characteristics for n- and p-MOSFETs with 35 nm physical gate length. Thereafter, the calibrated device for superthreshold application is optimized for better performance under subthreshold conditions using TCAD simulation. The device simulated in this work shows 9.89% improvement in subthreshold slope and 34% advantage inION/IOFFratio for the same drive current.

A new low voltage level-shifted FVF current mirror with enhanced bandwidth and output resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 1759-1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhawna Aggarwal ◽  
Maneesha Gupta ◽  
Anil Kumar Gupta ◽  
Ankur Sangal
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Current Mirror ◽  
Output Resistance ◽  
Voltage Level

scholarly journals Efficient replacement of the radioactive sources in the gas-filled surge arresters construction for the insulation co-ordination at the low voltage level

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Teodora Nedic ◽  
Aco Janicijevic ◽  
Koviljka Stankovic ◽  
Nenad Kartalovic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Radioactive Source ◽  
Voltage Level ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Surge Arresters ◽  
Data Processing Software ◽  
Impulse Characteristics

The possibility of the classical response rate engineering and the long-term deconditioning of the gas-filled surge arresters is considered in this paper. The obtained results are compared with the same results obtained with the gas-filled surge arrester with application of an alpha radioactive source. The work is of an experimental nature. Experiments were performed on the multipurpose gas-filled surge arrester model under well-controlled conditions. The measurement uncertainty of the experimental procedure was less than 8 %. The results were processed by statistical data processing software. To draw impulse characteristics, the law of constancy of surfaces below the impulse voltage in the volt-second area, was used.

scholarly journals A Sub-100mV Ultra-Low Voltage Level-Shifter Using Current Limiting Cross-Coupled Technique for Wide-Range Conversion to I/O Voltage

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 145577-145585
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Ting Zhou ◽  
Jiajie Huang ◽  
Guoxing Wang ◽  
Yongfu Li
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Limiting ◽  
Level Shifter ◽  
Coupled Technique
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