Models for mechanistic investigations of pacing arrthymogenesis and cardiac tissue structure

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoar J. Engelman ◽  
Mark L. Trew ◽  
Bruce H. Smaill
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Mechanistic Investigations

Basic Mechanisms of Cardiac Impulse Propagation and Associated Arrhythmias

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ G. KLÉBER ◽  
YORAM RUDY
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Cardiac Impulse ◽  
Impulse Propagation

Kléber, André G., and Yoram Rudy. Basic Mechanisms of Cardiac Impulse Propagation and Associated Arrhythmias. Physiol Rev 84: 431–488, 2004; 10.1152/physrev.00025.2003.—Propagation of excitation in the heart involves action potential (AP) generation by cardiac cells and its propagation in the multicellular tissue. AP conduction is the outcome of complex interactions between cellular electrical activity, electrical cell-to-cell communication, and the cardiac tissue structure. As shown in this review, strong interactions occur among these determinants of electrical impulse propagation. A special form of conduction that underlies many cardiac arrhythmias involves circulating excitation. In this situation, the curvature of the propagating excitation wavefront and the interaction of the wavefront with the repolarization tail of the preceding wave are additional important determinants of impulse propagation. This review attempts to synthesize results from computer simulations and experimental preparations to define mechanisms and biophysical principles that govern normal and abnormal conduction in the heart.

Integrated analysis of cardiac tissue structure and function for improved identification of reversible myocardial dysfunction

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Hoffmann ◽  
Katharina Stempel ◽  
Harald Kühl ◽  
Jan Balzer ◽  
Niels Krämer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
And Function

The role of cardiac tissue structure in defibrillation

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Trayanova ◽  
Kirill Skouibine ◽  
Felipe Aguel
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Tissue Structure

Cytopathology of Cardiac Tissue from Daunomycin-Treated Mice

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 550-551
Author(s):  
Robert H. Liss ◽  
Frances A. Cotton
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Toxicity ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Intravenous Dose ◽  
Single Intravenous Dose ◽  
Physiologic Saline ◽  
Histopathologic Changes ◽  
Distribution Studies ◽  
Lung And Kidney

Daunomycin, an antibiotic used in the clinical management of acute leukemia, produces a delayed, lethal cardiac toxicity. The lethality is dose and schedule dependent; histopathologic changes induced by the drug have been described in heart, lung, and kidney from hamsters in both single and multiple dose studies. Mice given a single intravenous dose of daunomycin (10 mg/kg) die 6-7 days later. Drug distribution studies indicate that the rodents excrete most of a single dose of the drug as daunomycin and metabolite within 48 hours after dosage (M. A. Asbell, personal communication).Myocardium from the ventricles of 6 moribund BDF1 mice which had received a single intravenous dose of daunomycin (10 mg/kg), and from controls dosed with physiologic saline, was fixed in glutaraldehyde and prepared for electron microscopy.

X-ray microtomography

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
H.W. Deckman ◽  
B.F. Flannery ◽  
J.H. Dunsmuir ◽  
K.D' Amico
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Individual Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Panoramic Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

Iron storage sites in the myocardium as revealed by cytohistochemistry

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 394-395
Author(s):  
M. Ashraf ◽  
F. Thompson ◽  
S. Miki ◽  
P. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Coronary Perfusion ◽  
Intracellular Iron ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Made In

Iron is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic injury. However, the sources of intracellular iron in myocytes are not yet defined. In this study we have attempted to localize iron at various cellular sites of the cardiac tissue with the ferrocyanide technique.Rat hearts were excised under ether anesthesia. They were fixed with coronary perfusion with 3% buffered glutaraldehyde made in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer pH 7.3. Sections, 60 μm in thickness, were cut on a vibratome and were incubated in the medium containing 500 mg of potassium ferrocyanide in 49.5 ml H2O and 0.5 ml concentrated HC1 for 30 minutes at room temperature. Following rinses in the buffer, tissues were dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in Spurr medium.The examination of thin sections revealed intense staining or reaction product in peroxisomes (Fig. 1).

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