Cardiac Tissue Structure, Properties, and Performance: A Materials Science Perspective

AbstractThere has been considerable recent interest in natural bone as a material, due in part to its interesting combination of mechanical properties: bone is stiff and tough but lightweight. This unusual combination of properties results from a nanocomposite structure of approximately equal volumes of mineral and hydrated organic matter. Much recent effort has been focused on the structure, properties, and performance at different length scales relative to the hierarchical organization of bone. Historically, such bone research has emphasized clinical and medical aspects, including engineering materials for bone augmentation or replacement, bone–biomaterial interactions and interfaces, and more recently, scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. However, within the fast-growing biomimetics field, the bone extracellular matrix is taken as a model for materials development. Efforts have been made both to mimic the bony material itself as well as to mimic the process by which bone forms.

Download Full-text

Trace nanoanalysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100172437 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 940-941

Author(s):

D. E. Newbury ◽

R. D. Leapman

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽

Detection Efficiency ◽

Volume Element ◽

And Performance ◽

Trace Constituents ◽

Secondary Ion ◽

Concentration Levels ◽

Structure Properties

Trace constituents, which can be very loosely defined as those present at concentration levels below 1 percent, often exert influence on structure, properties, and performance far greater than what might be estimated from their proportion alone. Defining the role of trace constituents in the microstructure, or indeed even determining their location, makes great demands on the available array of microanalytical tools. These demands become increasingly more challenging as the dimensions of the volume element to be probed become smaller. For example, a cubic volume element of silicon with an edge dimension of 1 micrometer contains approximately 5×1010 atoms. High performance secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be used to measure trace constituents to levels of hundreds of parts per billion from such a volume element (e. g., detection of at least 100 atoms to give 10% reproducibility with an overall detection efficiency of 1%, considering ionization, transmission, and counting).

Download Full-text

The Effectiveness of Multimedia and Activity-Based Supplemental Teaching Resources in Materials Science Education

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2012.1209 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1472 ◽

Author(s):

Deborah A. Day ◽

Eeman Abbasi ◽

Brian Liang ◽

Satish Bhat ◽

Scott DeMeo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Science Education ◽

Teaching Methods ◽

Materials Science ◽

Teaching Resources ◽

Specific Content ◽

9Th Grade ◽

Digital Stories ◽

Educational Videos ◽

And Performance ◽

Science Classes

ABSTRACTA comparative study investigating the integration of supplemental teaching resources in materials science education was developed for the purpose of determining the effectiveness of teaching strategies. Digital stories created by students, excerpts from the Nova Making Stuff documentaries, YouTube educational videos and student generated demo-kits were used as part of the investigation whereby two 9th grade science classes (n~26) were evaluated. Each participant in the study received one period (40-min) of a traditional lesson on Materials Science including specific content, vocabulary, and a pre- and post- lesson assessment. Additionally, the students in each class participated in a 30-min supplemental component, e.g. video or activity-based demonstration using aforementioned kits or video compilation. Pre- and post- evaluations (e.g. open-ended and likert questions) were administered to all of the participants. As hypothesized, the students’ feedback and performance on assessment activities reveal that the use of multimedia and activity-based resources may be equally effective teaching methods as traditional methods.

Download Full-text

Hydropower, Geothermal, and Ocean Energy

MRS Bulletin ◽

10.1557/mrs2008.79 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 389-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ralph E.H. Sims

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Large Scale ◽

New Technologies ◽

Materials Science ◽

Development Stage ◽

Design Development ◽

Ocean Energy ◽

Improve Design ◽

And Performance ◽

Improve Reliability

AbstractSome forms of renewable energy have long contributed to electricity generation, whereas others are just emerging. For example, large-scale hydropower is a mature technology generating about 16% of global electricity, and many smaller scale systems are also being installed worldwide. Future opportunities to improve the technology are limited but include upgrading of existing plants to gain greater performance efficiencies and reduced maintenance. Geothermal energy, widely used for power generation and direct heat applications, is also mature, but new technologies could improve plant designs, extend their lifetimes, and improve reliability. By contrast, ocean energy is an emerging renewable energy technology. Design, development, and testing of a myriad of devices remain mainly in the research and development stage, with many opportunities for materials science to improve design and performance, reduce costly maintenance procedures, and extend plant operating lifetimes under the harsh marine environment.

Download Full-text

Nanostructured Ferrites: Structure, Properties and Performance

Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-815732-9.00082-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sagar E. Shirsath ◽

Y.D. Kolekar ◽

Chintalapalle V. Ramana

Keyword(s):

And Performance ◽

Structure Properties

Download Full-text

Materials: Structure, Properties, and Performance

Mechanical Behavior of Materials ◽

10.1017/cbo9780511810947.004 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 1-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marc Andre Meyers ◽

Krishan Kumar Chawla

Keyword(s):

And Performance ◽

Structure Properties

Download Full-text

An Overview of Aircraft Accident Investigation and Component Failures

10.31399/asm.hb.v11a.a0006821 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 778-786

Author(s):

Ellen E. Wright ◽

Suzanne F. Uchneat

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

System Level ◽

Accident Investigation ◽

Materials Engineering ◽

Aircraft Component ◽

And Performance ◽

Aircraft Accident ◽

Component Failures ◽

Structure Properties

Abstract This article focuses on failure analyses of aircraft components from a metallurgical and materials engineering standpoint, which considers the interdependence of processing, structure, properties, and performance of materials. It discusses methodologies for conducting aircraft investigations and inspections and emphasizes cases where metallurgical or materials contributions were causal to an accident event. The article highlights how the failure of a component or system can affect the associated systems and the overall aircraft. The case studies in this article provide examples of aircraft component and system-level failures that resulted from various factors, including operational stresses, environmental effects, improper maintenance/inspection/repair, construction and installation issues, manufacturing issues, and inadequate design.

Download Full-text

Selection of Reinforcing Agent in Metal Composite Matrix and Study of its Particle Composition

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.476 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 945 ◽

pp. 476-481

Author(s):

M.N. Safonova ◽

A.A. Fedotov ◽

A.S. Syromiatnikova

Keyword(s):

Materials Science ◽

Natural Diamond ◽

Metal Composite ◽

Metal Base ◽

Particle Composition ◽

Reinforcing Agent ◽

Materials Science And Engineering ◽

And Performance ◽

Actual Target ◽

Selection Of

The problem of creation of new materials and performance characteristics increasing of known matrix composite alloys is an actual target of research in materials science and engineering. It is known that the application of dispersed fillers, including ultra-and nanoscale dimensionality materials in the composites is an effective way to solve this problem. The article describes the feasibility of application ultradisperse powders of natural diamond as a reinforcing agent instead of synthetic in composite materials on a metal base and study of its particle composition.

Download Full-text