Maximum Power Output from a Solar PV Array Under Partially Shaded Conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Sekhar Sahu ◽  
Mahesh K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Maximum Power Output

Tilt Angle Optimization for Grid Interactive Solar Photovoltaic Array

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 4554-4558
Author(s):  
Ranchan Chauhan ◽  
N.S. Thakur ◽  
Sunil Chamoli
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Solar Pv System

The overall performance of any solar energy project largely depends upon the available solar radiations, inclination and orientation of solar collectors. Presented in this paper is the analytical study on optimum tilt angles and lifetime differential savings for a distributed 200 kW grid connected mono-crystalline solar PV system operating at Khatkar Kalan, Punjab, India. The optimum tilt angles for monthly, seasonally and yearly basis is carried out by searching the values of tilt angle for which electric power output is maximum for a particular day or a specific period using energy conversion model. The results reveal that the yearly optimum tilt angle for the SPV plant at Khatkar Kalan is 36° which is 4.58° higher than the latitude angle. The power output from the array increases with increase in angle of tilt for winter months whereas the trend is reverse for the summer months. In winter months the maximum power output is achieved for the array surface with a tilt of angle 13° - 23° higher than the local latitude while for summer months the maximum power output is achieved at 16° lower than the latitude angle. The optimum tilt angles maximizing monthly power output for south facing surface shows that the monthly optimum tilt angle varies from 15° to 55°. Also the parametric analysis for some influential factors such as latitude of location and reflectivity of ground surface is explored.

An MPPT method using hybrid radial movement optimization with teaching-learning based optimization under fluctuating atmospheric conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Imran Pervez ◽  
Adil Sarwar ◽  
Afroz Alam ◽  
Mohammad ◽  
Ripon K. Chakrabortty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Power ◽  
Metaheuristic Algorithms ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Local Optima ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Radial Movement ◽  
Teaching Learning Based Optimization ◽  
Power Point ◽  
Teaching Learning

Due to its clean and abundant availability, solar energy is popular as a source from which to generate electricity. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology converts sunlight incident on the solar PV panel or array directly into non-linear DC electricity. However, the non-linear nature of the solar panels’ power needs to be tracked for its efficient utilization. The problem of non-linearity becomes more prominent when the solar PV array is shaded, even leading to high power losses and concentrated heating in some areas (hotspot condition) of the PV array. Bypass diodes used to eliminate the shading effect cause multiple peaks of power on the power versus voltage (P-V) curve and make the tracking problem quite complex. Conventional algorithms to track the optimal power point cannot search the complete P-V curve and often become trapped in local optima. More recently, metaheuristic algorithms have been employed for maximum power point tracking. Being stochastic, these algorithms explore the complete search area, thereby eliminating any chance of becoming trapped stuck in local optima. This paper proposes a hybridized version of two metaheuristic algorithms, Radial Movement Optimization and teaching-learning based optimization (RMOTLBO). The algorithm has been discussed in detail and applied to multiple shading patterns in a solar PV generation system. It successfully tracks the maximum power point (MPP) in a lesser amount of time and lesser fluctuations.

Oxidation of combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1277-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy L. P. G. Jentjens ◽  
Luke Moseley ◽  
Rosemary H. Waring ◽  
Leslie K. Harding ◽  
Asker E. Jeukendrup
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Exercise Period

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether combined ingestion of a large amount of fructose and glucose during cycling exercise would lead to exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates >1 g/min. Eight trained cyclists (maximal O2consumption: 62 ± 3 ml·kg-1·min-1) performed four exercise trials in random order. Each trial consisted of 120 min of cycling at 50% maximum power output (63 ± 2% maximal O2consumption), while subjects received a solution providing either 1.2 g/min of glucose (Med-Glu), 1.8 g/min of glucose (High-Glu), 0.6 g/min of fructose + 1.2 g/min of glucose (Fruc+Glu), or water. The ingested fructose was labeled with [U-13C]fructose, and the ingested glucose was labeled with [U-14C]glucose. Peak exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates were ∼55% higher ( P < 0.001) in Fruc+Glu (1.26 ± 0.07 g/min) compared with Med-Glu and High-Glu (0.80 ± 0.04 and 0.83 ± 0.05 g/min, respectively). Furthermore, the average exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates over the 60- to 120-min exercise period were higher ( P < 0.001) in Fruc+Glu compared with Med-Glu and High-Glu (1.16 ± 0.06, 0.75 ± 0.04, and 0.75 ± 0.04 g/min, respectively). There was a trend toward a lower endogenous carbohydrate oxidation in Fruc+Glu compared with the other two carbohydrate trials, but this failed to reach statistical significance ( P = 0.075). The present results demonstrate that, when fructose and glucose are ingested simultaneously at high rates during cycling exercise, exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates can reach peak values of ∼1.3 g/min.

scholarly journals Scaling of Power Output in Fast Muscle Fibres of the Atlantic Cod During Cyclical Contractions

1992 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ELIZABETH ANDERSON ◽  
IAN A. JOHNSTON
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Fast Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Cycle Frequency ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Length Changes

Fast muscle fibres were isolated from abdominal myotomes of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) ranging in size from 10 to 63 cm standard length (Ls). Muscle fibres were subjected to sinusoidal length changes about their resting length (Lf) and stimulated at a selected phase of the strain cycle. The work performed in each oscillatory cycle was calculated from plots of force against muscle length, the area of the resulting loop being net work. Strain and the number and timing of stimuli were adjusted to maximise positive work per cycle over a range of cycle frequencies at 8°C. Force, and hence power output, declined with increasing cycles of oscillation until reaching a steady state around the ninth cycle. The strain required for maximum power output (Wmax) was ±7-11% of Lf in fish shorter than 18 cm standard length, but decreased to ±5 % of Lf in larger fish. The cycle frequency required for Wmax also declined with increasing fish length, scaling to Ls−0.51 under steady-state conditions (cycles 9–12). At the optimum cycle frequency and strain the maximum contraction velocity scaled to Ls−0.79. The maximum stress (Pmax) produced within a cycle was highest in the second cycle, ranging from 51.3 kPa in 10 cm fish to 81.8 kPa in 60 cm fish (Pmax=28.2Ls0.25). Under steady-state conditions the maximum power output per kilogram wet muscle mass was found to range from 27.5 W in a 10 cm Ls cod to 16.4 W in a 60 cm Ls cod, scaling with Ls−0.29 and body mass (Mb)−0.10 Note: To whom reprint requests should be sent

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