Maximum power output of a solar PV module at various latitudes as influenced by the swing angle of the sun

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-505
Author(s):  
V.P. Sethi ◽  
K. Sumathy ◽  
S. Yuvarajan ◽  
D.S. Pal
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Swing Angle ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Pv Module

Tilt Angle Optimization for Grid Interactive Solar Photovoltaic Array

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 4554-4558
Author(s):  
Ranchan Chauhan ◽  
N.S. Thakur ◽  
Sunil Chamoli
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Solar Pv System

The overall performance of any solar energy project largely depends upon the available solar radiations, inclination and orientation of solar collectors. Presented in this paper is the analytical study on optimum tilt angles and lifetime differential savings for a distributed 200 kW grid connected mono-crystalline solar PV system operating at Khatkar Kalan, Punjab, India. The optimum tilt angles for monthly, seasonally and yearly basis is carried out by searching the values of tilt angle for which electric power output is maximum for a particular day or a specific period using energy conversion model. The results reveal that the yearly optimum tilt angle for the SPV plant at Khatkar Kalan is 36° which is 4.58° higher than the latitude angle. The power output from the array increases with increase in angle of tilt for winter months whereas the trend is reverse for the summer months. In winter months the maximum power output is achieved for the array surface with a tilt of angle 13° - 23° higher than the local latitude while for summer months the maximum power output is achieved at 16° lower than the latitude angle. The optimum tilt angles maximizing monthly power output for south facing surface shows that the monthly optimum tilt angle varies from 15° to 55°. Also the parametric analysis for some influential factors such as latitude of location and reflectivity of ground surface is explored.

scholarly journals Necessity to Design a Controller for PV Module

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1932-1937
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Power Point

Solar power is future of our planet due to the depletion of non-renewable sources of energy. We all are directly dependent on non-renewable source which will only last for 1 or 2 decades. The PV cell exhibit non linear I-V and P-V characteristics. In this paper it is discussed about the factors which will affect the PV module performance. Some factors will decrease the solar cell performance while some factors will improve the efficiency and increase its output power. The performance characteristics of PV module are modeled mathematically and simulated under different atmospheric conditions. The simulation model is obtained using MATLAB software and stimulated under different values of input parameters of PV module that include irradiance and temperature. The variations of these parameters were recorded under different atmospheric conditions. The input parameters of solar cell like solar irradiance and ambient temperature was evaluated. It observed that the maximum power produced fluctuates with both irradiance and temperature. Since the conversion efficiency of PV array is exceptionally low, it requires maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control techniques. The MPPT is the programmed controlled method used to guide the solar cell to achieve the maximum power output, during minute to minute variations of atmospheric changes like irradiance and temperature. The MPPT controller is used to provide maximum power output from PV module against changes in temperature and irradiance. Results obtain by simulation are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Experimental Characterisation of Photovoltaic Modules with Cells Connected in Different Configurations to Address Nonuniform Illumination Effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damasen Ikwaba Paul
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Nonuniform Illumination ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Illumination Effect ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
In Series ◽  
Total Maximum

Most concentrating systems that are being used for photovoltaic (PV) applications do not illuminate the PV module uniformly which results in power output reduction. This study investigated the electrical performance of three PV modules with cells connected in different configurations to address nonuniform illumination effect. PV module 1 is the standard module consisting of 11 solar cells connected in series whereas PV module 2 is a proposed design with 11 cells in three groups and each group consists of different cells in series connections. PV module 3 is also a new design with 11 cells in two groups and each group consists of different cells connected in series. The new PV modules were designed in such a way that the effect of nonuniform illumination should affect a group of cells but not the entire PV module, leading to high power output. The PV modules were tested under three different intensities: uniform, low nonuniform, and high nonuniform illumination. When the PV modules were tested at uniform illumination, the total maximum power output of PV module 1 was higher than that of PV module 2 and PV module 3 by about 7%. However, when the PV modules were tested at low nonuniform illumination, the total maximum power output of PV module 2 was higher than that of PV module 1 and PV module 3 by about 4% and 7%, respectively. This difference increased to about 12% for PV module 3 and 17% for PV module 1 when the modules were tested at high nonuniform illumination. Therefore, the best PV module design in addressing nonuniform illumination effect in solar collectors is PV module 2. In practical situation this implies that manufacturers of PV modules should consider designing modules with groups of cells in series connection instead of all cells being connected in series.

scholarly journals Analysis of Power Generation for Solar Photovoltaic Module with Various Internal Cell Spacing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6364
Author(s):  
June Raymond L. Mariano ◽  
Yun-Chuan Lin ◽  
Mingyu Liao ◽  
Herchang Ay
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Engineering Software ◽  
Internal Cell ◽  
Cell Spacing ◽  
Pv Module

Photovoltaic (PV) systems directly convert solar energy into electricity and researchers are taking into consideration the design of photovoltaic cell interconnections to form a photovoltaic module that maximizes solar irradiance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cell spacing effect of light diffusion on output power. In this work, the light absorption of solar PV cells in a module with three different cell spacings was studied. An optical engineering software program was used to analyze the reflecting light on the backsheet of the solar PV module towards the solar cell with varied internal cell spacing of 2 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm. Then, assessments were performed under standard test conditions to investigate the power output of the PV modules. The results of the study show that the module with an internal cell spacing of 8 mm generated more power than 5 mm and 2 mm. Conversely, internal cell spacing from 2 mm to 5 mm revealed a greater increase of power output on the solar PV module compared to 5 mm to 8 mm. Furthermore, based on the simulation and experiment, internal cell spacing variation showed that the power output of a solar PV module can increase its potential to produce more power from the diffuse reflectance of light.

Oxidation of combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1277-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy L. P. G. Jentjens ◽  
Luke Moseley ◽  
Rosemary H. Waring ◽  
Leslie K. Harding ◽  
Asker E. Jeukendrup
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Exercise Period

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether combined ingestion of a large amount of fructose and glucose during cycling exercise would lead to exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates >1 g/min. Eight trained cyclists (maximal O2consumption: 62 ± 3 ml·kg-1·min-1) performed four exercise trials in random order. Each trial consisted of 120 min of cycling at 50% maximum power output (63 ± 2% maximal O2consumption), while subjects received a solution providing either 1.2 g/min of glucose (Med-Glu), 1.8 g/min of glucose (High-Glu), 0.6 g/min of fructose + 1.2 g/min of glucose (Fruc+Glu), or water. The ingested fructose was labeled with [U-13C]fructose, and the ingested glucose was labeled with [U-14C]glucose. Peak exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates were ∼55% higher ( P < 0.001) in Fruc+Glu (1.26 ± 0.07 g/min) compared with Med-Glu and High-Glu (0.80 ± 0.04 and 0.83 ± 0.05 g/min, respectively). Furthermore, the average exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates over the 60- to 120-min exercise period were higher ( P < 0.001) in Fruc+Glu compared with Med-Glu and High-Glu (1.16 ± 0.06, 0.75 ± 0.04, and 0.75 ± 0.04 g/min, respectively). There was a trend toward a lower endogenous carbohydrate oxidation in Fruc+Glu compared with the other two carbohydrate trials, but this failed to reach statistical significance ( P = 0.075). The present results demonstrate that, when fructose and glucose are ingested simultaneously at high rates during cycling exercise, exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates can reach peak values of ∼1.3 g/min.

scholarly journals Scaling of Power Output in Fast Muscle Fibres of the Atlantic Cod During Cyclical Contractions

1992 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ELIZABETH ANDERSON ◽  
IAN A. JOHNSTON
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Fast Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Cycle Frequency ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Length Changes

Fast muscle fibres were isolated from abdominal myotomes of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) ranging in size from 10 to 63 cm standard length (Ls). Muscle fibres were subjected to sinusoidal length changes about their resting length (Lf) and stimulated at a selected phase of the strain cycle. The work performed in each oscillatory cycle was calculated from plots of force against muscle length, the area of the resulting loop being net work. Strain and the number and timing of stimuli were adjusted to maximise positive work per cycle over a range of cycle frequencies at 8°C. Force, and hence power output, declined with increasing cycles of oscillation until reaching a steady state around the ninth cycle. The strain required for maximum power output (Wmax) was ±7-11% of Lf in fish shorter than 18 cm standard length, but decreased to ±5 % of Lf in larger fish. The cycle frequency required for Wmax also declined with increasing fish length, scaling to Ls−0.51 under steady-state conditions (cycles 9–12). At the optimum cycle frequency and strain the maximum contraction velocity scaled to Ls−0.79. The maximum stress (Pmax) produced within a cycle was highest in the second cycle, ranging from 51.3 kPa in 10 cm fish to 81.8 kPa in 60 cm fish (Pmax=28.2Ls0.25). Under steady-state conditions the maximum power output per kilogram wet muscle mass was found to range from 27.5 W in a 10 cm Ls cod to 16.4 W in a 60 cm Ls cod, scaling with Ls−0.29 and body mass (Mb)−0.10 Note: To whom reprint requests should be sent

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