Energy Efficient Predictive Rotor Flux Control of Induction Machines in Autonomous Driving Electric Vehicles

In electric vehicles with multiple motors, the torque at each wheel can be controlled independently, offering significant opportunities for enhancing vehicle dynamics behaviour and system efficiency. This paper investigates energy efficient torque distribution strategies for improving the operational efficiency of electric vehicles with multiple motors. The proposed strategies are based on the minimisation of power losses, considering the powertrain efficiency characteristics, and are easily implementable in real-time. A longitudinal dynamics vehicle model is developed in Simulink/Simscape environment, including energy models for the electrical machines, the converter, and the energy storage system. The energy efficient torque distribution strategies are compared with simple distribution schemes under different standardised driving cycles. The effect of the different strategies on the powertrain elements, such as the electric machine and the energy storage system, are analysed. Simulation results show that the optimal torque distribution strategies provide a reduction in energy consumption of up to 5.5% for the case-study vehicle compared to simple distribution strategies, also benefiting the battery state of charge.

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Towards DC Energy Efficient Homes

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11136005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 6005

Author(s):

Daniel Villanueva ◽

Moisés Cordeiro-Costas ◽

Andrés E. Feijóo-Lorenzo ◽

Antonio Fernández-Otero ◽

Edelmiro Miguez-García

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Real Data ◽

Mean Values ◽

Led Lighting ◽

Shed Light

The aim of this paper is to shed light on the question regarding whether the integration of an electric battery as a part of a domestic installation may increase its energy efficiency in comparison with a conventional case. When a battery is included in such an installation, two types of electrical conversion must be considered, i.e., AC/DC and DC/AC, and hence the corresponding losses due to these converters must not be forgotten when performing the analysis. The efficiency of the whole system can be increased if one of the mentioned converters is avoided or simply when its dimensioning is reduced. Possible ways to achieve this goal can be: to use electric vehicles as DC suppliers, the use of as many DC home devices as possible, and LED lighting or charging devices based on renewables. With all this in mind, several scenarios are proposed here in order to have a look at all possibilities concerning AC and DC powering. With the aim of checking these scenarios using real data, a case study is analyzed by operating with electricity consumption mean values.

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Dependency of Machine Efficiency on the Thermal Behavior of Induction Machines

Machines ◽

10.3390/machines8010009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Svenja Kalt ◽

Karl Ludwig Stolle ◽

Philipp Neuhaus ◽

Thomas Herrmann ◽

Alexander Koch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Behavior ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Thermal Load ◽

Load Capacity ◽

Maximum Load ◽

Induction Machines ◽

Electric Machines ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Dynamic Operating ◽

The Impact

The consideration of the thermal behavior of electric machines is becoming increasingly important in the machine design for electric vehicles due to the adaptation to more dynamic operating points compared to stationary applications. Whereas, the dependency of machine efficiency on thermal behavior is caused due to the impact of temperature on the resulting loss types. This leads to a shift of efficiency areas in the efficiency diagram of electric machines and has a significant impact on the maximum load capability and an impact on the cycle efficiency during operation, resulting in a reduction in the overall range of the electric vehicle. Therefore, this article aims at analyzing the thermal load limits of induction machines in regard to actual operation using measured driving data of battery electric vehicles. For this, a thermal model is implemented using MATLAB® and investigations to the sensitivity of model parameters as well as analysis of the continuous load capacity, thermal load and efficiency in driving cycles under changing boundary conditions are conducted.

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