Radioisotope Identification with Scintillation Detector Based on Artificial Neural Networks Using Simulated Training Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Fan ◽  
Siliang Feng ◽  
Chenglin Zhu ◽  
Chunqing Zhao ◽  
Yigang Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Scintillation Detector ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Simulated Training

scholarly journals Autonomous flight cycles and extreme landings of airliners beyond the current limits and capabilities using artificial neural networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham Baomar ◽  
Peter J. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Control Models ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Network Modules ◽  
Artificial Neural

AbstractWe describe the Intelligent Autopilot System (IAS), a fully autonomous autopilot capable of piloting large jets such as airliners by learning from experienced human pilots using Artificial Neural Networks. The IAS is capable of autonomously executing the required piloting tasks and handling the different flight phases to fly an aircraft from one airport to another including takeoff, climb, cruise, navigate, descent, approach, and land in simulation. In addition, the IAS is capable of autonomously landing large jets in the presence of extreme weather conditions including severe crosswind, gust, wind shear, and turbulence. The IAS is a potential solution to the limitations and robustness problems of modern autopilots such as the inability to execute complete flights, the inability to handle extreme weather conditions especially during approach and landing where the aircraft’s speed is relatively low, and the uncertainty factor is high, and the pilots shortage problem compared to the increasing aircraft demand. In this paper, we present the work done by collaborating with the aviation industry to provide training data for the IAS to learn from. The training data is used by Artificial Neural Networks to generate control models automatically. The control models imitate the skills of the human pilot when executing all the piloting tasks required to pilot an aircraft between two airports. In addition, we introduce new ANNs trained to control the aircraft’s elevators, elevators’ trim, throttle, flaps, and new ailerons and rudder ANNs to counter the effects of extreme weather conditions and land safely. Experiments show that small datasets containing single demonstrations are sufficient to train the IAS and achieve excellent performance by using clearly separable and traceable neural network modules which eliminate the black-box problem of large Artificial Intelligence methods such as Deep Learning. In addition, experiments show that the IAS can handle landing in extreme weather conditions beyond the capabilities of modern autopilots and even experienced human pilots. The proposed IAS is a novel approach towards achieving full control autonomy of large jets using ANN models that match the skills and abilities of experienced human pilots and beyond.

scholarly journals Estimation of electrical resistivity using artificial neural networks: a case study from Lublin Basin, SE Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Ważny ◽  
Michał Stefaniuk ◽  
Adam Cygal
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Multilayer Perceptrons ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Geological Interpretation ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Reliable Solution

AbstractArtificial neural networks method (ANNs) is a common estimation tool used for geophysical applications. Considering borehole data, when the need arises to supplement a missing well log interval or whole logging—ANNs provide a reliable solution. Supervised training of the network on a reliable set of borehole data values with further application of this network on unknown wells allows creation of synthetic values of missing geophysical parameters, e.g., resistivity. The main assumptions for boreholes are: representation of similar geological conditions and the use of similar techniques of well data collection. In the analyzed case, a set of Multilayer Perceptrons were trained on five separate chronostratigraphic intervals of borehole, considered as training data. The task was to predict missing deep laterolog (LLD) logging in a borehole representing the same sequence of layers within the Lublin Basin area. Correlation between well logs data exceeded 0.8. Subsequently, magnetotelluric parametric soundings were modeled and inverted on both boreholes. Analysis showed that congenial Occam 1D models had better fitting of TM mode of MT data in each case. Ipso facto, synthetic LLD log could be considered as a basis for geophysical and geological interpretation. ANNs provided solution for supplementing datasets based on this analytical approach.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Constraints in Applying Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in Food Authentication. Honey—A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6723
Author(s):  
Ariana Raluca Hategan ◽  
Romulus Puscas ◽  
Gabriela Cristea ◽  
Adriana Dehelean ◽  
Francois Guyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Training Sample ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Food Authentication ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Artificial Neural

The present work aims to test the potential of the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for food authentication. For this purpose, honey was chosen as the working matrix. The samples were originated from two countries: Romania (50) and France (53), having as floral origins: acacia, linden, honeydew, colza, galium verum, coriander, sunflower, thyme, raspberry, lavender and chestnut. The ANNs were built on the isotope and elemental content of the investigated honey samples. This approach conducted to the development of a prediction model for geographical recognition with an accuracy of 96%. Alongside this work, distinct models were developed and tested, with the aim of identifying the most suitable configurations for this application. In this regard, improvements have been continuously performed; the most important of them consisted in overcoming the unwanted phenomenon of over-fitting, observed for the training data set. This was achieved by identifying appropriate values for the number of iterations over the training data and for the size and number of the hidden layers and by introducing of a dropout layer in the configuration of the neural structure. As a conclusion, ANNs can be successfully applied in food authenticity control, but with a degree of caution with respect to the “over optimization” of the correct classification percentage for the training sample set, which can lead to an over-fitted model.

Convolutional Neural Network

2022 ◽  
pp. 1559-1575
Author(s):  
Mário Pereira Véstias
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Artificial Neural

Machine learning is the study of algorithms and models for computing systems to do tasks based on pattern identification and inference. When it is difficult or infeasible to develop an algorithm to do a particular task, machine learning algorithms can provide an output based on previous training data. A well-known machine learning model is deep learning. The most recent deep learning models are based on artificial neural networks (ANN). There exist several types of artificial neural networks including the feedforward neural network, the Kohonen self-organizing neural network, the recurrent neural network, the convolutional neural network, the modular neural network, among others. This article focuses on convolutional neural networks with a description of the model, the training and inference processes and its applicability. It will also give an overview of the most used CNN models and what to expect from the next generation of CNN models.

scholarly journals Analysis of Cantilever Beam Deflection under Uniformly Distributed Load using Artificial Neural Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 06004
Author(s):  
T.M.Y.S Tuan Ya ◽  
Reza Alebrahim ◽  
Nadziim Fitri ◽  
Mahdi Alebrahim
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Problem Solver ◽  
Distributed Load ◽  
Uniformly Distributed Load ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Artificial Neural

In this study the deflection of a cantilever beam was simulated under the action of uniformly distributed load. The large deflection of the cantilever beam causes the non-linear behavior of beam. The prupose of this study is to predict the deflection of a cantilever beam using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The simulation of the deflection was carried out in MATLAB by using 2-D Finite Element Method (FEM) to collect the training data for the ANN. The predicted data was then verified again through a non linear 2-D geometry problem solver, FEM. Loads in different magnitudes were applied and the non-linear behaviour of the beam was then recorded. It was observed that, there is a close agreement between the predicted data from ANN and the results simulated in the FEM.

scholarly journals Simulation of flood flow in a river system using artificial neural networks

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Shrestha ◽  
S. Theobald ◽  
F. Nestmann
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
River System ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Network Training ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Flood Flow

Abstract. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) provide a quick and flexible means of developing flood flow simulation models. An important criterion for the wider applicability of the ANNs is the ability to generalise the events outside the range of training data sets. With respect to flood flow simulation, the ability to extrapolate beyond the range of calibrated data sets is of crucial importance. This study explores methods for improving generalisation of the ANNs using three different flood events data sets from the Neckar River in Germany. An ANN-based model is formulated to simulate flows at certain locations in the river reach, based on the flows at upstream locations. Network training data sets consist of time series of flows from observation stations. Simulated flows from a one-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model are integrated for network training and validation, at a river section where no measurements are available. Network structures with different activation functions are considered for improving generalisation. The training algorithm involved backpropagation with the Levenberg-Marquardt approximation. The ability of the trained networks to extrapolate is assessed using flow data beyond the range of the training data sets. The results of this study indicate that the ANN in a suitable configuration can extend forecasting capability to a certain extent beyond the range of calibrated data sets.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Parameterization of Gas Sensor Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-161
Author(s):  
O. G. Bondar ◽  
E. O. Brezhneva ◽  
O. G. Dobroserdov ◽  
K. G. Andreev ◽  
N. V. Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Output Signal ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Cross Sensitivity ◽  
Artificial Neural

Purpose of research: search and analysis of existing models of gas-sensitive sensors. Development of mathematical models of gas-sensitive sensors of various types (semiconductor, thermocatalytic, optical, electrochemical) for their subsequent use in the training of artificial neural networks (INS). Investigation of main physicochemical patterns underlying the principles of sensor operation, consideration of the influence of environmental factors and cross-sensitivity on the sensor output signal. Comparison of simulation results with actual characteristics produced by the sensor industry. The concept of creating mathematical models is described. Their parameterization, research and assessment of adequacy are carried out.Methods. Numerical methods, computer modeling methods, electrical circuit theory, the theory of chemosorption and heterogeneous catalysis, the Freundlich and Langmuir equations, the Buger-Lambert-Behr law, the foundations of electrochemistry were used in creating mathematical models. Standard deviation (MSE) and relative error were calculated to assess the adequacy of the models.Results. The concept of creating mathematical models of sensors based on physicochemical patterns is described. This concept allows the process of data generation for training artificial neural networks used in multi-component gas analyzers for the purpose of joint information processing to be automated. Models of semiconductor, thermocatalytic, optical and electrochemical sensors were obtained and upgraded, considering the influence of additional factors on the sensor signal. Parameterization and assessment of adequacy and extrapolation properties of models by graphical dependencies presented in technical documentation of sensors were carried out. Errors (relative and RMS) of discrepancy of real data and results of simulation of gas-sensitive sensors by basic parameters are determined. The standard error of reproduction of the main characteristics of the sensors did not exceed 0.5%.Conclusion. Multivariable mathematical models of gas-sensitive sensors are synthesized, considering the influence of main gas and external factors (pressure, temperature, humidity, cross-sensitivity) on the output signal and allowing to generate training data for sensors of various types.

scholarly journals Application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Coupled with Near-InfraRed(NIR) Spectroscopy for Detection of Adulteration in Honey

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucija Longin ◽  
Ana Jurinjak Tusek ◽  
Davor Valinger ◽  
Maja Benkovic ◽  
Tamara Jurina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Corn Syrup ◽  
Halogen Light ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Model Training

Honey is a naturally sweet and viscous product for which the addition of any substance is prohibited by international regulation. Detection of adulteration in honey is a technical problem: adulteration of honey with invert sugar and syrup may not be reliably detected by direct sugar analysis because its constituents are identical to the major natural components of the honey. Therefore, it is important to develop a rapid and reliable analytical method to detect such additions. We used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) combined with principle component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural networks (ANN) modelling to discriminate between honey and corn syrup in adulterated honey. Fifteen honey samples from north-west Croatia (Krapina-Zagorje County) were intentionally supplemented with differing proportions of corn syrup ranging from 10-90%. We collected a total of 460 NIR spectra using the Control Development NIR128L-1.7 spectrophotometer (Control Development, South Bend, Indiana, USA) with their software Spec32 software anda HL-2000 halogen light source. For each of the prepared samples, we measured water content by refractometer (Brouwland, Belgium), conductivity byconductometer (SevenCompact, MettlerToledo, Switzerland), and colour using a PCE-CSM3 colorimeter (PCE Instruments, Germany). Prior to ANN modelling, PCA was used to identify patterns and highlight similarities and differences in data of the individual set of the experiment. The goal of PCA is to extract important information from the data table and to express this information as a set of new orthogonal variables called principal components or factors (PCs or Fs). We conducted PCA of raw spectra using the Unscrambler® X 10.4 software (CAMO software, Norway). Data were divided into ANN model training, test, and validation datasets at a 70:15:15 ratio using the first five PCs. ANNs were calibrated using model training data, and evaluated using model test and model validation datasets for their ability to predict: i) the amount of added adultering substance in honey, ii) water content, iii) conductivity and iv) colour of the adulterated honey. Multiple layer perception (MLP) networks were developed in Statistica v.10.0 software (StatSoft, Tulsa, USA). Back error propagation algorithm available in Statistica v.10.0 was applied for the model training. Model performance was evaluated using R2 and root mean squared error (RMSE) values for model training, test, and validation datasets. Results show that network MLP 5-8-6 with five neurons in the input layer, 8 neurons in the hidden layer and 6 neurons in the output layer predicts the analysed output variables with high precision (R2validation,concentration = 0.995, R2validation,water content = 0.993, R2validation,conductivity = 0.992, R2validation,L = 0.939, R2validation,a = 0.895, R2validation,b = 0.924).

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