EFFECT OF DIFFERENT INTERVAL SPEED TRAINING ON ATHLETE REACTION

ABSTRACT Introduction: High-intensity Intermittent Training (HIIT) ranked first in the ACSM “2013 Global Training Methodology Survey”. Objective: To explore the influence of different speed training intervals on athlete reaction speed. Methods: Sixteen male bicycle athletes were randomly divided into two groups. The two groups then completed a six-week training routine (NT). The two groups then completed a six-week training routine , started 6 weeks of Sprint Interval Training (SIT) (a total of 12 lessons), with SIT instead of Normal Training (NT) live endurance training, and another training remains unchanged. Results: After 6 weeks of NT, Pmax GXT in the CG and DG groups decreased by 0.7% and 1.7%, respectively,as compared to the pre-training numbers. The difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). And after 6 weeks of SIT, Pmax GXT increased significantly (P<0.05) in both experimental groupss,with increases of 9.2% and 10.2% for the CG and DG groups, respectively. Conclusions: The results show that intermittent training can effectively improve the aerobic metabolism of short-haul cyclists. As the power bicycle load and the training intensity and volume of the deceleration intermittent training program increase, the more significant the changes in aerobic capacity that can result in adaptability. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

30–15 Intermittent Fitness Test: A Systematic Review of Studies, Examining the VO2max Estimation and Training Programming

This study presents an overview of current scientific articles that address the reliability and validity of the 30–15 intermittent fitness test (30–15 IFT) as an assessment of aerobic capacity, as well as its use in terms of training programming. The search for and analysis of papers was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A database search was performed through PubMed, PMC, Med Line, Cochrane Library and ScienceDirect, as well as directly from the author who first presented the IFT 30–15. Type of study: research was included in this paper on condition that (i) the original scientific paper was available in its entirety; (ii) the IFT 30–15 was used to evaluate or verify validity and reliability; and (iii) the IFT 30–15 was used for the purpose of evaluation of training programming. Of the 213 relevant studies identified, 21 were included in the quantitative analysis. All research was conducted on a sample of athletes who are exclusively engaged in team sports. As for the use of the subject test when it comes to programming individualized intermittent training to strengthen aerobic capacity, it seems that the IFT 30–15 test is appropriate and extremely useful for team sports. Regarding the reliability of tests identified in the reviewed literature, all studies indicate that the 30–15 IFT is a reliable test for assessment of aerobic capacity.

Comparison of the Effect of Eight Week Training Program Schedule With Two Different Stretching Patterns Strengthening on Changes in the Status of Lower Cross Syndrome

Objective: Different timing of performing stretching and strengthening exercises can have different effects on the condition of Lower Crossed Syndrome (LCS). This study aims to compare the effects of eight-week training using stretching and strengthening exercises intermittently and simultaneously on the status of LCS in female college students. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the study population consists of 300 female students of Guilan University aged 19-25 years. To assess LCS, the New York Posture Rating tool was used. 120 patients who had hyperlordosis were re-evaluated using flexible ruler for precise measurement of LCS. Finally, 45 students with a lumbar curvature angle of >45 degrees were selected and randomly divided into three groups of intermittent training (n=15), simultaneous training (n=15), and control (n=15). The training program consisted of corrective exercises for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, each for 60 minutes. One-way ANOVA was used for data analysis in SPSS v. 20 software Results: The difference between the intermittent training and control groups was significant (P=0.30), while no significant difference was observed between the simultaneous training and control groups (P=0.68). Conclusion: Performing stretching and strengthening exercises intermittently has a greater effect on reducing LCS than performing these exercises simultaneously.

EFFECTS OF PUERARIA LOBATA COMBINED WITH HIGH-INTENSITY INTERMITTENT TRAINING ON SKELETAL MUSCLE QUALITY AND GENE EXPRESSION

ABSTRACT Extraction of effective components from Pueraria lobata has important value for skeletal muscle quality and gene expression. The improvement effect of traditional high-intensity intermittent training on skeletal muscle has not been obvious, and it is difficult to guarantee the properties of some volatiles. Based on this, this paper analyzes the effect of high-intensity intermittent training on skeletal muscle quality and gene expression in Pueraria lobata. Based on a brief summary of extraction of Pueraria lobata, status of research on the pharmaceutical components of Pueraria lobata was summarized. Different specimens of Pueraria lobata were selected as research objects, and the process of high-intensity intermittent training was designed. High-intensity intermittent training, solvent extraction and water solvent extraction were combined together to design the fixed-bed continuous extraction scheme. According to the influence of Pueraria lobata on skeletal muscle quality, the influence of intermittent training on skeletal muscle quality was analyzed. The extraction results showed that Pueraria lobata combined with high-intensity intermittent training can effectively improve the content of skeletal muscle and ensure the effective expression of skeletal muscle gene.

Efficacy of High-Intensity Intermittent Training for Improving Cardio-Metabolic Health in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex endocrinopathy with significant metabolic and reproductive manifestations, carrying a major health and economic burden. Consistent improvements in clinical outcomes have been reported as a result of exercise training, but shortfalls with exercise prescription are evident. Research suggests that high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) is feasible, well tolerated and enjoyable for people with or at risk of chronic disease and can address many of the shortfalls and barriers to exercise participation. To investigate the effects of high-intensity exercise on cardio-metabolic health, twenty-four reproductive aged, overweight or obese, sedentary women with PCOS were recruited from the community and randomised to complete either 12 weeks of moderate intensity continuous cycling training (MICT; 60–65% of maximal heart rate [HRmax]; n=11) or HIIT (90–100% HRmax; n=13). All exercise was supervised by an exercise physiologist and completed 3 times per week on a cycle ergometer. Baseline and post-testing measures consisted of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) determined by a graded maximal exercise test, body composition by DXA scan and insulin sensitivity determined by euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp. Significant improvements in VO2peak were seen after both HIIT (P &lt;0.001) and MICT (P &lt;0.013) with a significant between-group interaction favouring HIIT (P = 0.014). The insulin sensitivity index significantly improved after HIIT (P = 0.009) with no changes observed after MICT (P = 0.860), also resulting in a significant between-group difference favouring HIIT (P = 0.046). No changes were observed for body weight, BMI or fat mass, however, there was a significant increase in percentage of lean mass after HIIT (P = 0.026). The present study is the first to compare current exercise recommendations of moderate and vigorous intensities in women with PCOS. The results of this study provide preliminary validation of HIIT, suggesting that vigorous intensity exercise should be considered in order to improve cardio-metabolic health in women with PCOS.

The Effects of Eight-Week High-Intensity Intermittent Training on Body Composition, Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance, Lipid Profile and Hematological Indices in Sedentary Healthy Overweight Adolescent: A Comparison of Volume

Background: Research on the effects of high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) with different volumes on cardiovascular risk factors is limited. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the effects of eight-week of high-intensity intermittent training and to compare the volumes of training programs on body composition, fitness factors, and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight students. Methods: There were thirty overweight boys (13 - 16years) as the participants of the study who were randomly divided into three groups, including the control group (n = 10), HIIT-1 (n = 10), and MIIT-2 (n = 10). The HIIT-1 group program included 2 × 8 - 15 sets (100 - 110% MAV), and the HIIT-2 group training program included 4 × 4 - 6 sets (100 - 110% MAV). These training programs continued three times a week for eight weeks. Yo-Yo recovery test, RAST test, and ELISA technique were applied to measure aerobic and anaerobic performance, lipid profile, and hematological indices, respectively. Results: The findings showed that except for anaerobic performance and hematological variables in the HIIT-1 group and hematological variables in the HIIT-2 group, other research variables of the two training groups were significantly different from the pre-test (P < 0.05). Besides, in between-group comparison, the findings revealed that there was a significant difference between VO2max, HDL, and TG as well as anaerobic performance between the HIIT-1 and HIIT-2 groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that HIIT-1 program is suitable to increase aerobic performance and reduce cardiovascular risk factors, while HIIT-2 program may be applied to increase anaerobic performance because the volume of exercises plays a decisive role in possible adaptation resulting from such exercises.

Comparison of intensity and post-effort response in three interval trainings in young tennis players: running interval, specific interval, and specific intermittent training

Introduction: In recent years, considerable interest has been shown in adapting training to the specific characteristics of tennis. The use of intermittent exercise seems to adapt better to the sport’s work/recovery structure and using specific movements allows for local adaptations and complex work. Nevertheless, we need to achieve a level of intensity that is at least similar to what is achieved when continuous running is used. The ability to recover between points is also a decisive factor in terms of performance. Our hypothesis is that recovery depends on stimulus type, which means the most suitable stimuli must be chosen to improve this capacity. Material and method: Our study’s goal was to compare the intensity and post-effort behaviour triggered by three types of exercise: continuous running with 2-minute intervals (GIT), rallies with 2-minute intervals (SIT) and intermittent rallies (SIIT). We measured heart rate (HR) and blood lactate levels during the three exercises, as well as the recovery to 130 beats and in the first 10 and 20 seconds post-effort. Results: Heart rate intensity was significantly higher in SIT than in GIT and lactate levels were higher in both SIT and SIIT compared to GIT. Heart rate recovery is significantly slower in both specific exercises, increasing in the first 10 and 20 seconds with SIIT. Discussion: We have reached the conclusion that specific training led to greater intensity in the specific exercises. Post-effort response is slower in the specific trainings and paradoxical in the initial seconds of intermittent training.

The Effect of High-Intensity Intermittent Training on the Acute Gait Plantar Pressure in Healthy Young Adults

High-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) has been successfully applied in various sports activities, as HIIT was considered as one of the most efficient training methods of exercise for improving physical performance and reducing the weight of overweight individuals. However, its acute effects of HIIT on gait and balance performance were not addressed. Thus, in this study we examined the acute effects of HIIT on dynamic postural control compared with steady-state training (SST) by analyzing plantar pressure parameters. In this study, sixteen healthy male adults were examined in 3 days. After exhaustive ramp-like cycle ergometer testing, the maximal heart rate (HRmax) of each participant was determined on the first day, then either a 20 minutes HIIT at 80–90% of HRmax or a 20 minutes SST at 60% of HRmax was randomly performed on the second and third day, respectively. Plantar pressure parameters were collected at comfortable walking velocity immediately after HIIT and SST respectively, and compared with the baseline data of plantar pressure gathered before maximal ramp test on the first day. The results showed significant differences in the plantar pressure in these three conditions of gait. Compared to pre-intervention and pre-SST, peak pressure and maximum force in the middle and lateral metatarsal increased significantly in post-HIIT. Meanwhile, the foot balance data indicate that post-HIIT exhibits more foot pronation than baseline. The center of pressure (COP) trajectory was medially shifted during the stance phase in post-SST, and noticeably in post-HIIT. The displacement and velocity of medial-lateral COP in the initial contact phase were greater in post-HIIT; while during the forefoot contact phase, post-HIIT showed fewer time percentages and greater velocity of medial-lateral COP. In conclusion, a single high-intensity intermittent training session adversely affected the acute dynamic postural control than steady-state training in healthy male adults.