Evaluating Performance of In-Situ Distributed Processing on IoT Devices by Developing a Workspace Context Recognition Service

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Paolo Talusan ◽  
Francis Tiausas ◽  
Sopicha Stirapongsasuti ◽  
Yugo Nakamura ◽  
Teruhiro Mizumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Processing ◽  
Context Recognition ◽  
Iot Devices

scholarly journals Blockchain Processing Technique Based on Multiple Hash Chains for Minimizing Integrity Errors of IoT Data in Cloud Environments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4679
Author(s):  
Yoon-Su Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Processing ◽  
Data Integrity ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Code Length ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Secure Storage ◽  
Hash Code ◽  
Linkage Information ◽  
Cloud Environments ◽  
Iot Devices

As IoT (Internet of Things) devices are diversified in the fields of use (manufacturing, health, medical, energy, home, automobile, transportation, etc.), it is becoming important to analyze and process data sent and received from IoT devices connected to the Internet. Data collected from IoT devices is highly dependent on secure storage in databases located in cloud environments. However, storing directly in a database located in a cloud environment makes it not only difficult to directly control IoT data, but also does not guarantee the integrity of IoT data due to a number of hazards (error and error handling, security attacks, etc.) that can arise from natural disasters and management neglect. In this paper, we propose an optimized hash processing technique that enables hierarchical distributed processing with an n-bit-size blockchain to minimize the loss of data generated from IoT devices deployed in distributed cloud environments. The proposed technique minimizes IoT data integrity errors as well as strengthening the role of intermediate media acting as gateways by interactively authenticating blockchains of n bits into n + 1 and n − 1 layers to normally validate IoT data sent and received from IoT data integrity errors. In particular, the proposed technique ensures the reliability of IoT information by validating hash values of IoT data in the process of storing index information of IoT data distributed in different locations in a blockchain in order to maintain the integrity of the data. Furthermore, the proposed technique ensures the linkage of IoT data by allowing minimal errors in the collected IoT data while simultaneously grouping their linkage information, thus optimizing the load balance after hash processing. In performance evaluation, the proposed technique reduced IoT data processing time by an average of 2.54 times. Blockchain generation time improved on average by 17.3% when linking IoT data. The asymmetric storage efficiency of IoT data according to hash code length is improved by 6.9% on average over existing techniques. Asymmetric storage speed according to the hash code length of the IoT data block was shown to be 10.3% faster on average than existing techniques. Integrity accuracy of IoT data is improved by 18.3% on average over existing techniques.

scholarly journals Force Multiplier Effect of Futuristic Battlefield Preparedness by Adapting the Internet of Things (IoT) Concept

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Kannan ◽  
N Manoharan
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Embedded Computing ◽  
Ubiquitous Sensing ◽  
Multiplier Effect ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Battlefield Environment ◽  
The Internet Of Things

<span lang="EN-US">The present-day Battlefield environment depicts a scenario wherein various heterogeneous warfighting vehicles/equipment are conglomerated, and the high command takes a decision based on the different inputs and data received from the warfighting entities.  This aspect generates voluminous data and communication directives occupying the complete frequency spectrum and moving up and down. This paper proposes a scheme based on the Internet of Things (IoT) philosophy.  The primary focus will be to deploy ubiquitous sensing enabled technologies (IoT) in all the battlefield fighting entities. This medium in effect means the interconnection of uniquely identifiable embedded computing-like devices and formulation of an internet infrastructure. The newly proposed IoT devices in all the battlefield fighting entities will gather, infer and understand in-situ commands and data and in turn pass on to the highest decision-making authority. A simple IoT based model will be deployed in the battlefield scenario enhancing the force multiplier effect.</span>

scholarly journals Estimation of Daily Spatial Snow Water Equivalent from Historical Snow Maps and Limited In-Situ Measurements

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Sami A. Malek ◽  
Roger C. Bales ◽  
Steven D. Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Snow Depth ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Optimal Interpolation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Tuolumne River ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
Iot Devices

We present a scheme aimed at estimating daily spatial snow water equivalent (SWE) maps in real time and at high spatial resolution from scarce in-situ SWE measurements from Internet of Things (IoT) devices at actual sensor locations and historical SWE maps. The method consists of finding a background SWE field, followed by an update step using ensemble optimal interpolation to estimate the residuals. This novel approach allowed for areas with parsimonious sensors to have accurate estimates of spatial SWE without explicitly discovering and specifying the spatial-interpolation features. The scheme is evaluated across the Tuolumne River basin on a 50 m grid using an existing LiDAR-based product as the historical dataset. Results show a minimum RMSE of 30% at 50 m resolutions. Compared with the operational SNODAS product, reduction in error is up to 80% with historical LiDAR-measured snow depth as input data.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Multipath Blockchain Based IoT information Management Techniques for Efficient Distributed Processing of Intelligent IoT Information

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2049
Author(s):  
Yoon-Su Jeong ◽  
Sung-Ho Sim
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Processing ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Integrity Verification ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Average Improvement ◽  
Cloud Environments ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Distributed Cloud

As cloud technology advances, devices such as IoT (Internet of Things) are being utilized in various areas ranging from transportation, manufacturing, energy, automation, space, defense, and healthcare. As the number of IoT devices increases, the safety of IoT information, which is vulnerable to cyber attacks, is emerging as an important area of interest in distributed cloud environments. However, integrity techniques are not guaranteed to easily identify the integrity threats and attacks on IoT information operating in the distributed cloud associated with IoT systems and CPS (Cyber-Physical System). In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based integrity verification technique in which large amounts of IoT information processed in distributed cloud environments can be guaranteed integrity in security threats related to IoT systems and CPS. The proposed technique aims to ensure the integrity of IoT information by linking information from IoT devices belonging to subgroups in distributed cloud environments to information from specific non-adjacent IoT devices and blockchain. This is because existing techniques rely on third-party organizations that the data owner can trust to verify the integrity of the data. The proposed technique identifies IoT information by connecting the paths of IoT pre- and subsequent blocks into block chains so that synchronization can be achieved between subgroups in distributed cloud environments. Furthermore, the proposed technique uses probabilistic similarity information between IoT information blocks to react flexibly to subgroups that constitute distributed clouds so that IoT information blocks are not exploited maliciously by third parties. As a result of performance evaluation, the proposed technique averaged 12.3% improvement in integrity processing time over existing techniques depending on blockchain size. Furthermore, the proposed technique has to hash the IoT information that constitutes a subgroup with probability-linked information, validating the integrity of large-capacity IoT information, resulting in an average of 8.8% lower overhead than existing techniques. In addition, the proposed technique has an average improvement of 14.3% in blockchain-based integrity verification accuracy over existing techniques, depending on the hash chain length.

Sense Your Power

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Michel Rottleuthner ◽  
Thomas C. Schmidt ◽  
Matthias Wählisch
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
System Service ◽  
Energy Constrained ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
High Dynamics ◽  
Management Capabilities ◽  
Generic System

Energy-constrained sensor nodes can adaptively optimize their energy consumption if a continuous measurement is provided. This is of particular importance in scenarios of high dynamics such as with energy harvesting. Still, self-measuring of power consumption at reasonable cost and complexity is unavailable as a generic system service. In this article, we present ECO, a hardware-software co-design that adds autonomous energy management capabilities to a large class of low-end IoT devices. ECO consists of a highly portable hardware shield built from inexpensive commodity components and software integrated into the RIOT operating system. RIOT supports more than 200 popular microcontrollers. Leveraging this flexibility, we assembled a variety of sensor nodes to evaluate key performance properties for different device classes. An overview and comparison with related work shows how ECO fills the gap of in situ power attribution transparently for consumers and how it improves over existing solutions. We also report about two different real-world field trials, which validate our solution for long-term production use.

Context Recognition of Humans and Objects by Distributed Zero-Energy IoT Devices

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruo Higashino ◽  
Akira Uchiyama ◽  
Shunsuke Saruwatari ◽  
Hirozumi Yamaguchi ◽  
Takashi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Zero Energy ◽  
Context Recognition ◽  
Iot Devices

Rendez vous with Saturn's rings

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 743-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry T. Nock
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Low Thrust ◽  
Ring Plane ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Total Impulse ◽  
Saturn's Rings

ABSTRACTA mission to rendezvous with the rings of Saturn is studied with regard to science rationale and instrumentation and engineering feasibility and design. Future detailedin situexploration of the rings of Saturn will require spacecraft systems with enormous propulsive capability. NASA is currently studying the critical technologies for just such a system, called Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP). Electric propulsion is the only technology which can effectively provide the required total impulse for this demanding mission. Furthermore, the power source must be nuclear because the solar energy reaching Saturn is only 1% of that at the Earth. An important aspect of this mission is the ability of the low thrust propulsion system to continuously boost the spacecraft above the ring plane as it spirals in toward Saturn, thus enabling scientific measurements of ring particles from only a few kilometers.

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