A dynamical balance of the Moon on the Lunar Orbit

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehisa Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Orbit ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Dynamical Balance

scholarly journals The Lunar orbit paradox

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Tomic
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Mass ◽  
Lunar Orbit ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Origin Of The Moon ◽  
Force Intensity ◽  
Critical Consideration

Newton's formula for gravity force gives greather force intensity for atraction of the Moon by the Sun than atraction by the Earth. However, central body in lunar (primary) orbit is the Earth. So appeared paradox which were ignored from competent specialist, because the most important problem, determination of lunar orbit, was inmediately solved sufficiently by mathematical ingeniosity - introducing the Sun as dominant body in the three body system by Delaunay, 1860. On this way the lunar orbit paradox were not canceled. Vujicic made a owerview of principles of mechanics in year 1998, in critical consideration. As an example for application of corrected procedure he was obtained gravity law in some different form, which gave possibility to cancel paradox of lunar orbit. The formula of Vujicic, with our small adaptation, content two type of acceleration - related to inertial mass and related to gravity mass. So appears carried information on the origin of the Moon, and paradox cancels.

scholarly journals ALEXIS Lunar Observations

1996 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 465-470
Author(s):  
B.C. Edwards ◽  
J.J. Bloch ◽  
D. Roussel-Dupré ◽  
T.E. Pfafman ◽  
Sean Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Lunar Orbit ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Small Satellite ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Lunar Observations ◽  
Night Sky

The ALEXIS small satellite was designed as a large area monitor operating at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths (130 − 190 Å). At these energies, the moon is the brightest object in the night sky and was the first source identified in the ALEXIS data. Due to the design of ALEXIS and the lunar orbit, the moon is observed for two weeks of every month. Since lunar emissions in the extreme ultraviolet are primarily reflected solar radiation these observations may be useful as a solar monitor in the extreme ultraviolet. The data show distinct temporal and spectral variations indicating similar changes in the solar spectrum. We will present a preliminary dataset of lunar observations and discussions covering the variations observed and how they relate to the solar spectrum.

scholarly journals Aperture Synthesis imaging from the Moon

1991 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 420-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack O. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Aperture Synthesis ◽  
Lunar Orbit ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Optical Interferometer ◽  
Very Low Frequency

AbstractFour candidate imaging aperture synthesis concepts are described for possible emplacement on the Moon beginning in the next decade. These include an optical interferometer with 10 μarcsec resolution, a submillimeter array with 6 milliarcsec resolution, a Moon- Earth VLBI experiment, and a very low frequency interferometer in lunar orbit.

Astronomical significance of prehistoric monuments in Western Europe

1974 ◽  
Vol 276 (1257) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Small Perturbation ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Lunar Orbit ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Linear Measurements

The accuracy of megalithic man’s linear measurements is shown by recent work in Orkney and Brittany. Everywhere his geometry is based on integral right-angled triangles. The Sun was observed at the solstices and equinoxes. The fact that the foresights for the latter show a declination of +0.5° and not 0° proves that the year was divided into two equal parts. By similar analysis of other foresights the megalithic calendar has been established. The evidence that the Moon was observed in its extreme positions is extensive but the most interesting sites are those which show the small perturbation of the inclination of the lunar orbit. To establish the necessary sight lines some method of extrapolation was necessary. The actual sectors used for this are found in Caithness and in Brittany. Alinements at Le Menec perhaps provide an adjustment for the varying speed of the Moon in its orbit.

scholarly journals On the restraint mechanism between the earth and moon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian DING
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Lunar Orbit ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Restraint Mechanism

The moon always use the same side to face toward the earth, but there is a dead angle in the mainstream theory of explaining this phenomenon. That is, it cannot explain why the moon doesn't rotate around the axis which is a straight line to connect the mass centers of the earth and moon. Because the numerous meteorite impact craters on the lunar surface indicate that the moon is completely possible to obtain external momentums and rotate around this axis. This paper proposes a plain explanation, that is, the universal gravitation between the earth and moon as well as the earth's magnetic field have formed a trinity restraint mechanism on the moon. According to this explanation, the moon's rotation can be locked, and the mechanism of lunar libration has been revealed out, which can also confirm mutually with the natural phenomenon that the moon has sought a balance in the swing. In addition, with the help of all kinds of detection data from the Apollo moon landings and other circumlunar spacecraft, as well as the studies and analysis of lunar soil samples, the conclusion is that as far as a whole for the moon, it belongs to paramagnetic substances, and its relative permeability is between 1.008 and 1.03. Although the magnetic flux density of the earth on the lunar orbit has been dropped below 0.0008125 nT or lower due to the impact of the solar wind, but it can be used as a reason to lock the moon without rotating around the axis which is a straight line to connect the mass centers of the earth and moon. If another main reason to cause the existence of this fact cannot be found, even if the magnetic flux density of the geomagnetism in lunar orbit is very small, it also should not be artificially ignored. In this regard, we can artificially change the intensity of the earth's magnetic field, and carefully observe the lunar libration and in the distance between the earth and the moon, to verify the arguments in this paper.

That One Small Step

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (10) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Benedict J. Gaylo
Keyword(s):  
Motion Picture ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Lunar Orbit ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Small Step ◽  
Lunar Landing ◽  
Apollo Mission ◽  
Bus Voltage ◽  
Fair Degree

This article highlights that three approaches for the Apollo mission were considered and investigated early in the program: direct ascent, Earth orbit rendezvous, and lunar orbit rendezvous. Direct ascent would entail a direct shot from Earth to the moon, requiring an enormous rocket assembly, named the Nova rocket that required 15 first stage engines and would dwarf the Saturn V eventually selected as the launch vehicle. It also required a massive lunar landing vehicle to return the astronauts from the moon directly to Earth. At liftoff, the first stage burned 15 tons of fuel a second, requiring approximately 50,000 horsepower to power the fuel pumps to feed the engines. The Apollo 13 movie followed the actual flight with a fair degree of accuracy, recognizing that it had to compress four days of real-life tension into a two-hour motion picture. The film dramatized the explosion of the oxygen tank by showing the astronauts being thrown about in the cabin. In reality, the astronauts only heard a bang and then the warning alarm for low electrical bus voltage.

Index to Volume 277

1975 ◽  
Vol 277 (1274) ◽  
pp. 649-649
Keyword(s):  
Orbital Motion ◽  
Lunar Orbit ◽  
Artificial Satellites ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Westerly Direction ◽  
Complete Revolution

Dr R. R. Newton has notified the following correction to his contribution. The paragraph at the bottom of page 16 and the top of page 17 should read: The node of the lunar orbit rotates in a westerly direction around the plane of the ecliptic, making a complete revolution in about 18.61 years. This motion, and this time interval, are important in eclipse theory, as we shall discuss in the next section. This motion results almost entirely from the perturbation of the Sun’s gravitation on the Moon’s orbital motion. The Earth’s equatorial bulge, which is almost entirely responsible for the motion of the nodes of artificial satellites near the Earth, has only a slight effect on a satellite as distant as the Moon.

scholarly journals Benefit of New High-Precision LLR Data for the Determination of Relativistic Parameters

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Liliane Biskupek ◽  
Jürgen Müller ◽  
Jean-Marie Torre
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Lunar Orbit ◽  
Laser Ranging ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Lunar Laser Ranging ◽  
Lunar Laser ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ppn Parameters

Since 1969, Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) data have been collected by various observatories and analysed by different analysis groups. In the recent years, observations with bigger telescopes (APOLLO) and at infra-red wavelength (OCA) are carried out, resulting in a better distribution of precise LLR data over the lunar orbit and the observed retro-reflectors on the Moon. This is a great advantage for various investigations in the LLR analysis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the benefit of the new LLR data for the determination of relativistic parameters. Here, we show current results for relativistic parameters like a possible temporal variation of the gravitational constant G˙/G0=(−5.0±9.6)×10−15yr−1, the equivalence principle with Δmg/miEM=(−2.1±2.4)×10−14, and the PPN parameters β−1=(6.2±7.2)×10−5 and γ−1=(1.7±1.6)×10−4. The results show a significant improvement in the accuracy of the various parameters, mainly due to better coverage of the lunar orbit, better distribution of measurements over the lunar retro-reflectors, and last but not least, higher accuracy of the data. Within the estimated accuracies, no violation of Einstein’s theory is found and the results set improved limits for the different effects.

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