Low cost cloud based intelligent farm automation system using Bluetooth Low Energy

Rapid advancements in mobile industry have emerged new technological ideas and applications for researchers by allowing smart devices over the last decade. In recent years, the need for Indoor Position Routing (IPR) and Location-Based Advertisements (LBA) systems are increasingly common, IPR and LBA systems have been becoming very popular. Nowadays, it has become possible to create software and hardware applications for IPR and LBA in indoor environments, thanks to developments of different technologies. The development of the system should be based on low-cost technology, it should be suitable for integration and indoors operation. New options and possibilities for indoor locations are presented by the iBeacon-Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) radio protocol. iBeacon-BLE supports portable battery-powered system that can be smoothly distributed at low cost giving it distinct advantages over Wi-Fi. Therefore, in this study, a technological infrastructure is created to solve the navigation problem in closed locations using iBeacon-BLE technology, a data monitoring information system is proposed for smart devices of currently available technology for IPR, LBA with using iBeacon-BLE. The localization of the objects based on iBeacon-BLE and their combination are determined using the measured data with the developed application. To build an IPR system for indoor environments, the available hardware, software, and network technologies are presented. The concept of the indoor monitoring system and the technologies can be used to develop the IPR system are presented. This system is made up of iBeacon-BLE sensor nodes, a smart device and a mobile application that provides IPR and LBA services by measuring the distance between Transmitter (TX) and Receiver (RX). The proposed model uses the trilateration method, it allows the mobile application to determine the exact location of the object at the micro-level size. The proposed model uses sensory data to identify and trilateration the object’s position.

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ProxLogs: Miniaturised proximity loggers for monitoring association behaviour in small mammals

10.1101/2021.02.28.432842 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lucinda Kirkpatrick ◽

Ivan Hererra Olivares ◽

Apia Massawe ◽

Christopher Sabuni ◽

Herwig Leirs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Open Source ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Information Transfer ◽

Low Cost ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Natural World ◽

Consumer Electronics ◽

Low Energy ◽

List Type ◽

Bluetooth Low Energy

AbstractThe ability to monitor associations between wild animals is essential for understanding the processes governing gene transfer, information transfer, competition, predation and disease transmission.Until recently, such insights have been confined to large, visible or captive animals. However, the rapid development of miniature sensors for consumer electronics is allowing ecologists to monitor the natural world in ways previously considered impossible.Here we describe miniature (<1g) proximity loggers we have developed that use Bluetooth Low Energy transmission to register contacts between individuals. Our loggers are open source, low cost, rechargeable, able to store up to 2000 contacts, can be programmed in situ and can download data remotely or through a mobile phone application, increasing their utility in remote areas or with species which are challenging to recapture.We successfully trialled our loggers in a range of field realistic conditions, demonstrating that Bluetooth Low Energy is capable of logging associations in structurally complex habitats, and that changes in received signal strength can be equated to short range changes in distance between loggers. Furthermore, we tested the system on starlings (Sturnidae vulgaris).The ability to include other sensors is retained in our prototypes, allowing for the potential integration of physiological and behavioural inference into social networks derived from our approach. Due to its open source nature, small size, flexibility of use and the active research currently being undertaken with Bluetooth Low Energy, we believe that our approach is a valuable addition to the biologging toolkit.

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LOW COST WIRELESS ECG PATCH USING ESP32

JURNAL INTEGRASI ◽

10.30871/ji.v12i1.1764 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 31-35

Author(s):

Budi Sugandi ◽

Muhammad Haikal Satria ◽

Hamdani Arif ◽

Nelmiawati Nelmiawati ◽

Indra Hardian Mulyadi

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Low Cost ◽

Low Energy ◽

Signal To Noise ◽

Common Mode ◽

Bluetooth Low Energy ◽

Common Mode Rejection Ratio ◽

Rejection Ratio

Elektrokardiograf (ECG) yang bersifat wearable dan nirkabel telah banyak digunakan untuk monitoring jangka panjang karena alasan praktis. Selain Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) yang tinggi, salah satu manfaat ECG dalam bentuk patch adalah fleksibilitasnya bagi pengguna dalam menempatkan elektroda. Sebagian besar ECG patch nirkabel komersial yang ada di pasaran hanya dapat menampilkan Heart Rate Variability (HRV) saja, tanpa kemampuan untuk menyediakan atau merekam gelombang EKG. Beberapa produk komersial menggunakan dua elektroda saja: Right Arm (RA) dan Left Arm (LA), tanpa elektroda tambahan yang disebut Right Arm Drive (RLD). Selain itu, menyediakan lebih dari satu opsi teknologi nirkabel untuk ECG patch merupakan keuntungan tambahan. Pada penelitian ini, kami membuat ECG patch nirkabel berbiaya rendah yang memiliki kemampuan untuk menyediakan bentuk gelombang EKG (Lead I) dan menghitung HRV secara otomatis. Selain RA dan LA, alat ini menggunakan elektroda RLD untuk meningkatkan Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR). Untuk pemrosesan data, kami menggunakan ESP32, mikrokontroler 32-bit berdaya rendah yang dilengkapi dengan Bluetooth Classic (BT), Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), dan Wifi dalam modul yang ringkas. Hasil tes menunjukkan bahwa ECG patch yang dibuat menghasilkan perhitungan HRV yang lebih akurat serta waktu transisi 2,7 kali lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan produk komersial yang kami jadikan referensi.

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Reliable and low-cost indoor localization based on bluetooth low energy

2016 3rd International Symposium on Wireless Systems within the Conferences on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems (IDAACS-SWS) ◽

10.1109/idaacs-sws.2016.7805794 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nizam Kuxdorf-Alkirata ◽

Dieter Bruckmann

Keyword(s):

Indoor Localization ◽

Low Cost ◽

Low Energy ◽

Bluetooth Low Energy

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Study of Activity Tracking through Bluetooth Low Energy-Based Network

Journal of Sensors ◽

10.1155/2019/6876925 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nasreen Mohsin ◽

Shahram Payandeh ◽

Derek Ho ◽

Jean Pierre Gelinas

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Low Noise ◽

Low Energy ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Activity Tracking ◽

Bluetooth Low Energy ◽

The Subject ◽

Geometric Techniques ◽

The Relationship ◽

Better Than

This paper proposes a proof-of-concept, low-cost, and easily deployable Bluetooth low energy- (BLE-) based localization system which actively scans and localizes BLE beacons attached to mobile subjects in a room. Using the received signal strength (RSS) of a BLE signal and the uniqueness of BLE hardware addresses, mobile subjects can be identified and localized within the hospital room. The RSS measurement of the BLE signal from a wearable BLE beacon varies with distance to the wall-anchored BLE scanner. In order to understand and demonstrate the practicality of the relationship between RSS of a BLE beacon and the distance of a beacon from a scanner, the first part of the paper presents the analysis of the experiments conducted in a low-noise and nonreflective environment. Based on the analysis conducted in an ideal environment, the second half of the paper proposes a data-driven localization process for pinpointing the movements of the subject within the experimental room. In order to ensure higher accuracy like fingerprinting techniques and handle the increased number of BLE-anchored scanners like geometric techniques, the proposed algorithm was designed to combine the best aspects of these two techniques for better localization. The paper evaluates the effects of the number of BLE wall-mounted scanners and the number of packets on the performance of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm locates the patient within the room with error less than 1.8 m. It also performs better than other classical approaches used in localization.

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