Mobility driven energy detection based spectrum sensing framework of a cognitive radio

An efficient bandwidth allocation and dynamic bandwidth access away from its previous limits is referred as cognitive radio (CR).The limited spectrum with inefficient usage requires the advances of dynamic spectrum access approach, where the secondary users are authorized to utilize the unused temporary licensed spectrum. For this reason it is essential to analyze the absence/presence of primary users for spectrum usage. So spectrum sensing is the main requirement and developed to sense the absence/ presence of a licensed user. This paper shows the design model of energy detection based spectrum sensing in frequency domain utilizing Binary Symmetric Channel (BSC) ,Additive white real Gaussian channel (AWGN), Rayleigh fading channel users for 16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM) which is utilized for the wide band sensing applications at low Signal to noise Ratio(SNR) level to reduce the false error identification. The spectrum sensing techniques has least computational complexity. Simulink model for the energy detection based spectrum sensing using frequency domain in MATLAB 2014a.

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Spectrum sensing based on energy of unknown deterministic signals over fading channels

Science and Technology Development Journal ◽

10.32508/stdj.v17i1.1239 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 17-31

Author(s):

Tu Thanh Nguyen ◽

Khoa Le Dang ◽

Thu Thi Hong Nguyen ◽

Phuong Huu Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Radio ◽

Fading Channels ◽

Spectrum Sensing ◽

Cognitive Radio Network ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Energy Detection ◽

Radio Network ◽

Essential Components ◽

Spectrum Hole ◽

The Impact

In cognitive radio network, how to minimize the impact of secondary user on primary user’s signal plays a very important and complex role. Therefore, spectrum sensing is one of the most essential components of cognitive radio. Therefore, the effect of spectrum sensing algorithms plays a key role to the system’s performance. In this paper, we concentrate on spectrum sensing algorithms in order to find out spectrum hole or while hole for reusing it. Specifically, we will highlight the energy detector algorithm of unknown deterministic signals over fading channels. The numerical results match well with theoretical analysis. The system’s performance of energy detection in AWGN channel is acceptable in case of relatively low signal to noise ratio (SNR). However, the performance of system will be degraded remarkable over fading environments.

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Energy Detection-based Spectrum Sensing In Cognitive Radio Networks

Academic Perspective Procedia ◽

10.33793/acperpro.03.01.109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 576-582

Author(s):

Anıl Merve Ay

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Radio ◽

Spectrum Sensing ◽

Cognitive Radio Networks ◽

Energy Detection ◽

Radio Networks

Bug&uuml;ne kadar kablosuz iletişim teknolojileri sabit spektrum atama prensibi ile hazırlanmış ve kullanılmıştır. Sabit spektrum atama prensibine g&ouml;re belirli frekans bandı sadece birincil (lisanslı) kullanıcılara ayrılmakta, birincil kullanıcılar tarafından kullanılmıyor olsa dahi ikincil (lisanssız) kullanıcıya tahsis edilememektedir. Bu ilke, frekans spektrumunun verimsiz kullanılmasına neden olmaktadır. G&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;zde kablosuz iletişim teknolojilerinin devamlı gelişmesi ve yaygın kullanımıyla beraber, sınırlı olan frekans spektrumu yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bilişsel Radyo Teknolojisi, dinamik spektrum erişim tekniğini kullanarak frekans spektrumun verimli kullanılmasını ama&ccedil;lamaktadır. Bu bildiride Bilişsel Radyo Teknolojisi ile boş frekans bandları tespit edilerek birincil kullanıcılar tarafından kullanılmayan bandların ikincil kullanıcılara tahsis edilmesi, Enerji Tespiti ile Spektrum Algılama Y&ouml;ntemi kullanılarak sim&uuml;lasyon ortamında incelenmiş ve sonu&ccedil;ları verilmiştir.

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Analysis of the Impact of Detection Threshold Adjustments and Noise Uncertainty on Energy Detection Performance in MIMO-OFDM Cognitive Radio Systems

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s22020631 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 631

Author(s):

Josip Lorincz ◽

Ivana Ramljak ◽

Dinko Begušić

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Radio ◽

Spectrum Sensing ◽

Detection Method ◽

Detection Threshold ◽

Energy Detection ◽

Primary User ◽

Noise Uncertainty ◽

Cognitive Radio Systems ◽

Radio Systems ◽

The Impact

Due to the capability of the effective usage of the radio frequency spectrum, a concept known as cognitive radio has undergone a broad exploitation in real implementations. Spectrum sensing as a core function of the cognitive radio enables secondary users to monitor the frequency band of primary users and its exploitation in periods of availability. In this work, the efficiency of spectrum sensing performed with the energy detection method realized through the square-law combining of the received signals at secondary users has been analyzed. Performance evaluation of the energy detection method was done for the wireless system in which signal transmission is based on Multiple-Input Multiple-Output—Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing. Although such transmission brings different advantages to wireless communication systems, the impact of noise variations known as noise uncertainty and the inability of selecting an optimal signal level threshold for deciding upon the presence of the primary user signal can compromise the sensing precision of the energy detection method. Since the energy detection may be enhanced by dynamic detection threshold adjustments, this manuscript analyses the influence of detection threshold adjustments and noise uncertainty on the performance of the energy detection spectrum sensing method in single-cell cognitive radio systems. For the evaluation of an energy detection method based on the square-law combining technique, the mathematical expressions of the main performance parameters used for the assessment of spectrum sensing efficiency have been derived. The developed expressions were further assessed by executing the algorithm that enabled the simulation of the energy detection method based on the square-law combining technique in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output—Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing cognitive radio systems. The obtained simulation results provide insights into how different levels of detection threshold adjustments and noise uncertainty affect the probability of detection of primary user signals. It is shown that higher signal-to-noise-ratios, the transmitting powers of primary user, the number of primary user transmitting and the secondary user receiving antennas, the number of sampling points and the false alarm probabilities improve detection probability. The presented analyses establish the basis for understanding the energy detection operation through the possibility of exploiting the different combinations of operating parameters which can contribute to the improvement of spectrum sensing efficiency of the energy detection method.

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5G cognitive radio system design with new algorithm asynchronous spectrum sensing

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics ◽

10.11591/eei.v10i4.2839 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 2046-2054

Author(s):

Mohammed Mehdi Saleh ◽

Ahmed A. Abbas ◽

Ahmed Hammoodi

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Radio ◽

Spectrum Sensing ◽

Energy Detection ◽

Primary User ◽

Spectrum Access ◽

Secondary Users ◽

Radio System ◽

Wireless Applications ◽

Fifth Generation ◽

Time Required

Due to the rapid increase in wireless applications and the number of users, spectrum scarcity, energy consumption and latency issues will emerge, notably in the fifth generation (5G) system. Cognitive radio (CR) has emerged as the primary technology to address these challenges, allowing opportunist spectrum access as well as the ability to analyze, observe, and learn how to respond to environmental 5G conditions. The CR has the ability to sense the spectrum and detect empty bands in order to use underutilized frequency bands without causing unwanted interference with legacy networks. In this paper, we presented a spectrum sensing algorithm based on energy detection that allows secondary user SU to transmit asynchronously with primary user PU without causing harmful interference. This algorithm reduced the sensing time required to scan the whole frequency band by dividing it into n sub-bands that are all scanned at the same time. Also, this algorithm allows cognitive radio networks (CRN) nodes to select their operating band without requiring cooperation with licensed users. According to the BER, secondary users have better performance compared with primary users.

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