Possible Functions of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, an Active Form of Vitamin D3, in the Differentiation and Development of Skin

Abstrak. Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi yang menjadi masalah di dunia. Risiko untuk mendapatkan infeksi TB dipengaruhi oleh imunitas alamiah melawan mikobakteria. Peptida antimikroba merupakan salah satu barrier pertahanan alamiah. Cathelicidin adalah suatu peptida anti mikroba yang berperan pada proses imunitas terhadap TB. Cathelicidin Leusin Leusin-37 (LL-37) merupakan satu-satunya cathelicidin yang ada pada manusia dan dapat diekspresikan dari beberapa sel temasuk sel imun. Inducer Cathelicidin yang paling poten adalah 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 yang merupakan bentuk aktif vitamin D 25(OH)D3. Tinjauan pustaka ini membahas tentang cathelicidin, vitamin D3 dam peranannya pada imunitas terhadap TB.Kata kunci: Cathelicidin, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, vitamin D 25(OH)2D3, imunitas, TuberkulosisAbstract. Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide. The susceptibility to this disease depends to great extent on the innate immune response against mycobacteria. Antimicrobial peptides are one of the natural defense barriers. Cathelicidin Leucine Leucine-37 (LL-37) is the only cathelicidin present in humans and synthesized by several cells including immune cells. The most effective inducer of Cathelicidin is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3), which is an active form of vitamin D 25(OH)D3. This review discusses cathelicidin, vitamin D3 and its role in immunity against TBKeywords: Cathelicidin, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, vitamin D 25(OH)D3, immunity, Tuberkulosis

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Beneficial Effect of the Active Form of Vitamin D3 against LPS-induced DIC but not against Tissue-factor-induced DIC in Rat Models

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1615681 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 85 (02) ◽

pp. 287-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Keiji Aoshima ◽

Yukio Suga ◽

Masahide Yamazaki ◽

Eriko Morishita ◽

Masanori Saito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Factor ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Rat Model ◽

Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽

Active Form ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Pathological Findings ◽

Fibrin Deposition ◽

Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽

Rat Models

Summary1 α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (active form of vitamin D3; vitamin D3) has been reported to induce the upregulation of thrombomodulin and downregulation of tissue factor (TF) on monocytes. The possibility exists that vitamin D3 prevents the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). In particular, monocyte TF production plays an important role in the pathophysiology of DIC in septic patients. We have attempted to determine whether vitamin D3 is effective against DIC in a rat model induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (30 mg/kg, 4 h) or TF (3.75 U/kg, 4 h) using selective hemostatic parameters, markers of organ dysfunction and pathological findings (assessment of glomelular fibrin deposition). Vitamin D3 was administered orally each day at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg/day for 3 days, or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH 200 u/kg; I. V.) was given 10 min before the injection of TF or LPS in each treatment group. Vitamin D3 was effective against DIC in the rat model induced by LPS only, whereas LMWH was effective against DIC in both rat models induced by either TF or LPS. The anti-DIC effect of vitamin D3 was equal to (or more potent than) that of LMWH. The results suggested that vitamin D3 was useful for the treatment of LPS-induced DIC, and that the assessment of a drug’s efficacy should be done carefully given the markedly different results obtained according to the agents used to induce DIC.

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Calbindin-D28K (CaBP-D28K) in the Rat Endocrine Pancreas: In Vivo and In Vitro Immunolocalization and its Regulation by Vitamin D3 Deficiency and 1,25- Dihydroxyvitamin D3

Vitamin D ◽

10.1515/9783110882513-136 ◽

1994 ◽

pp. 414-415

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D3 ◽

Endocrine Pancreas ◽

Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽

1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽

Calbindin D28k ◽

Vitamin D3 Deficiency

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Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the vitamin D3-replete rat.

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(17)38771-9 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 260 (25) ◽

pp. 13625-13630

Author(s):

K Jarnagin ◽

S Y Zeng ◽

M Phelps ◽

H F DeLuca

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D3 ◽

Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽

24,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3

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ChemInform Abstract: Vitamin D3: Synthesis of seco C-9,11,21-trisnor-17-Methyl-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 Analogues.

ChemInform ◽

10.1002/chin.200239216 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 33 (39) ◽

pp. no-no

Author(s):

Yusheng Wu ◽

Katrien Sabbe ◽

Pierre De Clercq ◽

Maurits Vandewalle ◽

Roger Bouillon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D3 ◽

Dihydroxyvitamin D3

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Calcitriol Promotes Differentiation of Glioma Stem-Like Cells and Increases Their Susceptibility to Temozolomide

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13143577 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 3577

Author(s):

Julia Gerstmeier ◽

Anna-Lena Possmayer ◽

Süleyman Bozkurt ◽

Marina E. Hoffmann ◽

Ivan Dikic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D3 ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Active Form ◽

Treatment Resistance ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Disease Recurrence ◽

Primary Brain Tumor ◽

High Rate ◽

Therapeutic Doses

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor, with a very high rate of recurrence and a median survival of 15 months after diagnosis. Abundant evidence suggests that a certain sub-population of cancer cells harbors a stem-like phenotype and is likely responsible for disease recurrence, treatment resistance and potentially even for the infiltrative growth of GBM. GBM incidence has been negatively correlated with the serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3, while the low pH within tumors has been shown to promote the expression of the vitamin D3-degrading enzyme 24-hydroxylase, encoded by the CYP24A1 gene. Therefore, we hypothesized that calcitriol can specifically target stem-like glioblastoma cells and induce their differentiation. Here, we show, using in vitro limiting dilution assays, quantitative real-time PCR, quantitative proteomics and ex vivo adult organotypic brain slice transplantation cultures, that therapeutic doses of calcitriol, the hormonally active form of vitamin D3, reduce stemness to varying extents in a panel of investigated GSC lines, and that it effectively hinders tumor growth of responding GSCs ex vivo. We further show that calcitriol synergizes with Temozolomide ex vivo to completely eliminate some GSC tumors. These findings indicate that calcitriol carries potential as an adjuvant therapy for a subgroup of GBM patients and should be analyzed in more detail in follow-up studies.

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Metabolism of vitamin D in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and alcoholic liver disease

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0690561 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 561-570 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

E. Barbara Mawer ◽

H. J. Klass ◽

T. W. Warnes ◽

Jacqueline L. Berry

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ◽

Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Control Group ◽

Biliary Cirrhosis ◽

Vitamin D2 ◽

Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽

Poor Renal Function

1. The metabolism of isotopically labelled vitamin D2 and D3 has been investigated in eight patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and in five controls. The concentration of labelled vitamin D2 was lower than that of vitamin D3 in serum of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis on days 1 and 2 after intravenous injection (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively) but no difference was seen in controls. 2. Similar amounts of labelled 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 were seen in serum of the control group; the same pattern was observed in the primary biliary cirrhosis group, and no significant differences were observed between the two groups. 3. In both control and primary biliary cirrhosis groups, the serum concentration of labelled 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 exceeded that of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (significant for controls on day 2, P < 0.02) but concentrations in the two groups were not different. 4. Concentrations of labelled 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were significantly higher than those of 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D2 in the primary biliary cirrhosis group at all times and in the control group on days 2 and 3. Both 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 were higher in the serum of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis than in controls (significant on day 1, P < 0.05). 5. Urinary excretion over days 0–3 of radioactivity from both vitamins D2 and D3 was significantly higher in the primary biliary cirrhosis group than in controls: 12.03 vs 1.80% for vitamin D2 and 8.98 vs 1.76% for vitamin D3(P < 0.005). Vitamin D2-derived urinary radioactivity in primary biliary cirrhosis correlated strongly with serum bilirubin (P = 0.005). 6. The metabolism of labelled vitamin D3 was studied in seven patients with alcoholic liver disease, three of whom showed low serum concentrations of labelled 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 suggesting impaired hepatic synthesis. The 25-hydroxylation response was quantified as the relative index of 25-hydroxylation and was significantly related to two other indices of liver function. It is concluded that impaired 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D may occur in alcoholic liver disease and results from hepatocellular dysfunction. 7. Less than the predicted amounts of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were produced in four of the seven patients with alcoholic liver disease; this defect may be attributable in part to decreased precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D and to poor renal function.

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Intestinal absorption of calcium: role of dietary phosphate and vitamin D

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1981.241.1.g49 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 241 (1) ◽

pp. G49-G53

Author(s):

N. Brautbar ◽

B. S. Levine ◽

M. W. Walling ◽

J. W. Coburn

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Intestinal Absorption ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Control Groups ◽

Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽

Dietary Phosphorus ◽

P Concentration ◽

Dietary Phosphate ◽

Intestinal Ca Absorption

The intestinal absorption of calcium (Ca) has been shown to depend on vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], and dietary phosphorus (P) concentration. This study was designed to evaluate the role of dietary P independent of vitamin D3 or 1,25(OH)2D3. Vitamin D-deficient rats were studied during dietary P restriction and were compared with control groups raised on a normal-phosphorus diet (NP). Balance studies were sued. Net intestinal Ca absorption was significantly lower with dietary P restriction compared with the NP group. This malabsorption of Ca was corrected by the administration of either D3 for 1,25(OH)2D3, despite hypophosphatemia. Everted gut sacs showed a marked reduction in the uptake of 45Ca in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum during dietary P restriction. We concluded that dietary P concentration plays a major role in intestinal Ca absorption in the vitamin D-deficient rats. These findings suggest an effect of the low-phosphate diet on the vitamin D-dependent, Ca-transport mechanism.

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