The Impact of Intergovernmental Grants on Subnational Resource Disparities: A Cross‐National Comparison

ABSTRACTPolicy makers are concerned about the socio-economic consequences of population ageing. Policies often rely on estimations of support ratios based solely on the population age structure. We estimate Generational Support Ratios (GSRs) considering health heterogeneity of the population age 60+ and education heterogeneity of their offspring. We explore the effect of a public policy that changes the education of a targeted sub-group of women when they are young on their health once they become older, taking into account changes in demographic processes (i.e.marriage, fertility, offspring's education). We used the model presented by Kyeet al.for the Korean context and examine the Mexican context. Our paper has three objectives. First, by applying this framework to the Mexican context we aim to find that improvements in women's education may mitigate the negative consequences of population ageing directly and indirectly through subsequent demographic behaviours that altogether affect GSRs. Second, by making a cross-national comparison between Korea and Mexico, we aim to quantify how policies of educational expansion have different impacts in contexts in which the population age 60+ have universal access to health care compared to contexts in which access to health care is selective. Third, by comparing cross-nationally we aim to show how differences in family processes across countries alter the pathways through which improvements in education affect GSRs.

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Film Tourism and Desire to Travel

Opportunities and Challenges for Tourism and Hospitality in the BRIC Nations - Advances in Hospitality, Tourism, and the Services Industry ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-0708-6.ch013 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 203-219

Author(s):

Amit Kumar ◽

Trinh Phuong Dung

Keyword(s):

Academic Research ◽

Short Period ◽

National Comparison ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

Time Image ◽

Visitor Numbers ◽

India And China ◽

Cross National

Academic research on film tourism has been around since the early 1990s, but the popularity and extensiveness of research in this area has increased in recent years (Hahm, Upchurch & Wang, 2008; Beeton, 2010), with a number of studies examining the increase of visitor numbers to film locations (Beeton, 2005; Busby, Brunt, & Lund, 2003; Cousins & Anderek, 1993; Croy & Walker, 2003; Gundle, 2002; Kim & Richardson, 2003; Riley, Baker, & Van Doren, 1998; Riley & Van Doren, 1992; Schofield, 1996; Tooke & Baker, 1996; Di Cesare et al., 2009). Similarly, the impact of films on people's image formation has been widely acknowledged in the literature (Butler, 1990; Gartner, 1993; Iwashita, 2003). Films are not generally produced with the intent to attract tourists to a destination, but tend to influence viewers indirectly as a background part of the movie's message (Butler, 1990; Hudson & Ritchie, 2006). This is because they can present millions of viewers with substantial information about a destination, create a first-time image, or alter an existing image in a relatively short period of time (Hahm et al., 2008). Thus, this study makes a modest attempt in the direction of identifying the relationship between film tourism and tourist's desire to travel, which is a cross national comparison between India and China.

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A Cross-National Comparison of the Impact of Family Migration on Women's Employment Status

Demography ◽

10.1353/dem.2001.0012 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 201-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 133

Author(s):

P. J. Boyle ◽

Thomas J. (Thomas John) Cooke ◽

Keith Halfacree ◽

Darren Smith

Keyword(s):

Employment Status ◽

Women's Employment ◽

Family Migration ◽

Women’S Employment ◽

National Comparison ◽

The Impact ◽

Cross National

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A Cross-National Comparison of the Impact of Family Migration on Women's Employment Status

Demography ◽

10.2307/3088301 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 201 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paul Boyle ◽

Thomas J. Cooke ◽

Keith Halfacree ◽

Darren Smith

Keyword(s):

Employment Status ◽

Women's Employment ◽

Family Migration ◽

Women’S Employment ◽

National Comparison ◽

The Impact ◽

Cross National

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The Impact of Media on Fear of Crime among University Students: A Cross-National Comparison

Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice/La Revue canadienne de criminologie et de justice pénale ◽

10.3138/cjccj.2011.e.01 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 67-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Steven A. Kohm ◽

Courtney A. Waid-Lindberg ◽

Michael Weinrath ◽

Tara O'Connor Shelley ◽

Rhonda R. Dobbs

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Fear Of Crime ◽

National Comparison ◽

The Impact ◽

Cross National

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Film Tourism and Desire to Travel

Destination Management and Marketing ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-2469-5.ch024 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 427-443

Author(s):

Amit Kumar ◽

Trinh Phuong Dung

Keyword(s):

Academic Research ◽

Short Period ◽

National Comparison ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

Time Image ◽

Visitor Numbers ◽

India And China ◽

Cross National

Academic research on film tourism has been around since the early 1990s, but the popularity and extensiveness of research in this area has increased in recent years (Hahm, Upchurch & Wang, 2008; Beeton, 2010), with a number of studies examining the increase of visitor numbers to film locations (Beeton, 2005; Busby, Brunt, & Lund, 2003; Cousins & Anderek, 1993; Croy & Walker, 2003; Gundle, 2002; Kim & Richardson, 2003; Riley, Baker, & Van Doren, 1998; Riley & Van Doren, 1992; Schofield, 1996; Tooke & Baker, 1996; Di Cesare et al., 2009). Similarly, the impact of films on people's image formation has been widely acknowledged in the literature (Butler, 1990; Gartner, 1993; Iwashita, 2003). Films are not generally produced with the intent to attract tourists to a destination, but tend to influence viewers indirectly as a background part of the movie's message (Butler, 1990; Hudson & Ritchie, 2006). This is because they can present millions of viewers with substantial information about a destination, create a first-time image, or alter an existing image in a relatively short period of time (Hahm et al., 2008). Thus, this study makes a modest attempt in the direction of identifying the relationship between film tourism and tourist's desire to travel, which is a cross national comparison between India and China.

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Measuring Worker Protection Using Leximetrics: Illustrating a New Approach in Four Asia-Pacific Countries

The American Journal of Comparative Law ◽

10.1093/ajcl/avz024 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 515-549

Author(s):

Petra Mahy ◽

Richard Mitchell ◽

Carolyn Sutherland ◽

Peter Gahan ◽

Anthony O’Donnell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Asia Pacific ◽

Labor Regulation ◽

New Approach ◽

Business Regulation ◽

The World ◽

National Comparison ◽

The Impact ◽

Protection Index ◽

Labour Regulation ◽

Cross National

Abstract This Article introduces the Worker Protection Index (WPI), a new measure for quantitative cross-national comparison of the strength of worker protection provided by law. After presenting an overview and critique of existing labor regulation indices, the Article outlines the conceptual and methodological innovations used in order to develop the WPI. The WPI is wider in scope than many other comparable indices and arguably is more sensitive to variance in labor regulation systems around the world. We then briefly present some initial coding results for Australia, China, Indonesia, and New Zealand, illustrating the impact of our innovations by contrasting these findings with the Cambridge Centre for Business Regulation (CBR) Labour Regulation Index (LRI).

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Measuring the efficiency of water utilities: a cross-national comparison between Portugal and Italy

Water Policy ◽

10.2166/wp.2012.103 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 841-853 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Nuno Ferreira da Cruz ◽

Rui Cunha Marques ◽

Giulia Romano ◽

Andrea Guerrini

Keyword(s):

Policy Implications ◽

Water Utilities ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

National Comparison ◽

The Impact ◽

Productivity Gains ◽

Global Indicators ◽

Efficiency And Productivity ◽

Cross National

All over the world, governments are compelling water utilities to improve their efficiency and productivity through reforms and tougher regulatory tools. Despite the different strategies and approaches, the goals remain the same: to make the whole sector more efficient, to curb the profits and ‘quiet life’ of water utilities and pass the productivity gains to customers through reduced prices or better environmental protection and quality of service. The water sectors in Portugal and Italy underwent deep reforms in the 1990s, in pursuit of higher levels of performance. Therefore, there is added interest in measuring the performance of water utilities in these two Mediterranean countries. We assess their performance using composite (global) indicators on a sample of 88 water utilities, for the year 2007. While we compare the performance of the two countries in this sector we also try to identify the impact of the ownership structure on efficiency. Finally, this paper discusses the benchmarking results of our research and draws some policy implications.

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