scholarly journals Commentary on Joyce et al .: Studying menstrual cycle effects on behavior requires within‐person designs and attention to individual differences in hormone sensitivity

Addiction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tory A. Eisenlohr‐Moul
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Hormone Sensitivity

Intersexual and Intrasexual Competition and Their Relation to Jealousy

2019 ◽  
pp. 214-236
Author(s):  
Abraham P. Buunk ◽  
Karlijn Massar ◽  
Pieternel Dijkstra ◽  
Ana María Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Intrasexual Competition ◽  
Online Infidelity ◽  
Intersexual Competition

This chapter discusses sex differences in intersexual competition and describes particularly the consequences of such competition for conflict between the sexes, as well as for sex differences in mate guarding and, relatedly, in the types of infidelity that evoke jealousy, including online infidelity. It also discusses individual differences in jealousy as related to attachment styles and describes the effects of height, hormones, and the menstrual cycle on jealousy. Next, the chapter moves on to intrasexual competition and discusses, among other topics, intrasexual competition among men and among women, the role of sex differences in rival characteristics in evoking jealousy, the role of attachment styles and hormones, and individual differences in intrasexual competitiveness.

scholarly journals Individual differences in the relationship between ovarian hormones and emotional eating across the menstrual cycle: A role for personality?

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Racine ◽  
Pamela K. Keel ◽  
S. Alexandra Burt ◽  
Cheryl L. Sisk ◽  
Michael Neale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The scent of attractiveness: levels of reproductive hormones explain individual differences in women's body odour

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1886) ◽  
pp. 20181520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janek S. Lobmaier ◽  
Urs Fischbacher ◽  
Urs Wirthmüller ◽  
Daria Knoch
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Body Odour ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Individuals are thought to have their own distinctive body odour which reportedly plays an important role in mate choice. In the present study we investigated individual differences in body odours of women and examined whether some women generally smell more attractive than others or whether odour preferences are a matter of individual taste. We then explored whether levels of reproductive hormones explain women's body odour attractiveness, to test the idea that body odour attractiveness may act as a chemosensory marker of reproductive fitness. Fifty-seven men rated body odours of 28 healthy, naturally cycling women of reproductive age. We collected all odours at peak fertility to control for menstrual cycle effects on body odour attractiveness. Women's salivary oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone and cortisol levels were assessed at the time of odour collection to test whether hormone levels explain body odour attractiveness. We found that the men highly agreed on how attractive they found women's body odours. Interestingly, women's body odour attractiveness was predicted by their oestradiol and progesterone levels: the higher a woman's levels of oestradiol and the lower her levels of progesterone, the more attractive her body odour was rated. In showing that women's body odour attractiveness is explained by levels of female reproductive hormones, but not by levels of cortisol or testosterone, we provide evidence that body odour acts as a valid cue to potential fertility.

Will Premenstrual Syndrome Produce a MS Hyde?: Evidence from Daily Administrations of the Emotions Profile Index

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Bisson ◽  
Cynthia Whissell
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Experiment Individual

22 women participated in a study that required daily completion of the Emotions Profile Index and a short diary form for 49 consecutive days. The Emotions Profile Index for 868 subject-days was factor-analyzed. Differences in Factor 1 (friendly extraversion) were related to menstrual cycle position while differences in Factor 2 (timidity) were not. Evidence for a premenstrual move in the direction of aggressive, depressed distrust (irritable introversion) is discussed. It is noted that premenstrual differences in emotion are much weaker than the other significant effects discovered in the experiment (individual differences, unusual events, stress): the potentially cumulative effects of these variables are discussed.

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) IN PLASMA

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Robertson ◽  
Vipla Puri ◽  
Monica Lindberg ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Sources Of Variation

ABSTRACT The relationship between the biological and immunological activities of human luteinizing hormone (hLH) in plasma collected from female subjects was examined. The biological activity was measured by an in vitro bioassay and the immunological activity by an hLH radioimmunoassay (RIA), using improved reagents, such as the 1st IRP for human pituitary LH for immunoassay (code No. 68/40) as standard, a subunit-free biologically active iodinated hLH preparation as tracer and an anti-hLH serum of relatively high specificity. Similar profiles of biological (B) and immunological (I) activity were obtained in the plasma samples collected daily throughout 40 menstrual cycles (5 cycles from each of 8 subjects). However, the B/I ratios were significantly lower during the period of LH surge (P < 0.001) than throughout the remainder of the cycle. The within- and between-assay variation in B/I ratios was investigated by the simultaneous assay of biological and immunological activities in plasma pools obtained by combining equal aliquots of plasma from each daily sample of the menstrual cycle from each of 5 cycles of each of 4 subjects. The analysis of these 20 pools revealed highly significant individual differences in B/I ratios, ranging from 0.81 to 1.33. The coefficient of variation was 20 % between-subjects and 5 % within-subjects. There was no seasonal variation in B/I ratios. That the individual differences in plasma B/I ratios were not attributable to the procedure of pooling was ascertained by the simultaneous assay of both activities in parellel in daily plasma samples and in the pools formed from these samples from three complete cycles. Thus the analysis of the differences in B/I ratios obtained throughout the menstrual cycle revealed three major sources of variation. The first occurs in the form of generally elevated (higher than unity) B/I ratios, the second consists of a significant drop in B/I ratios during the midcycle LH surge, and the third source is represented by the significant between-subject differences. It is concluded that the first source is attributable to the relatively higher levels of "impurity" (i.e. biologically inactive, immunologically active material) in the standard preparation compared to those present in plasma, whereas the other sources are due most probably to the presence in plasma of biologically inactive, immunologically active material of unknown composition and origin. If so, the latter source limits the quantitative significance of the RIA procedures employed. It is suggested that these three sources of variation account for most of the differences in B/I ratios for plasma hLH reported in the literature.

The challenge of accounting for individual differences in folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractWe argue that existing data on folk-economic beliefs (FEBs) present challenges to Boyer & Petersen's model. Specifically, the widespread individual variation in endorsement of FEBs casts doubt on the claim that humans are evolutionarily predisposed towards particular economic beliefs. Additionally, the authors' model cannot account for the systematic covariance between certain FEBs, such as those observed in distinct political ideologies.

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

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