Genetic variations in theSPP1promoter affect gene expression and the level of osteopontin secretion into bovine milk

Why is there so much variation in insect behavior? This chapter will address the sources of behavioral variability, with a particular focus on phenotypic plasticity. Variation in social, nutritional, and seasonal environmental contexts during development and adulthood can give rise to phenotypic plasticity. To delve into mechanism underlying behavioral flexibility in insects, examples of polyphenisms, a type of phenotypic plasticity, will be discussed. Selected examples reveal that environmental change can affect gene expression, which in turn can affect behavioral plasticity. These changes in gene expression together with gene-by-environment interactions are discussed to illuminate our understanding of insect behavioral plasticity.

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Concerted genomic and epigenomic changes accompany stabilization of Arabidopsis allopolyploids

Nature Ecology & Evolution ◽

10.1038/s41559-021-01523-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 1382-1393

Author(s):

Xinyu Jiang ◽

Qingxin Song ◽

Wenxue Ye ◽

Z. Jeffrey Chen

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Small Rnas ◽

Structural Variation ◽

Self Incompatibility ◽

Polyploid Evolution ◽

Genomic Variations ◽

Conserved Gene ◽

Arabidopsis Suecica ◽

Affect Gene Expression

AbstractDuring evolution successful allopolyploids must overcome ‘genome shock’ between hybridizing species but the underlying process remains elusive. Here, we report concerted genomic and epigenomic changes in resynthesized and natural Arabidopsis suecica (TTAA) allotetraploids derived from Arabidopsisthaliana (TT) and Arabidopsisarenosa (AA). A. suecica shows conserved gene synteny and content with more gene family gain and loss in the A and T subgenomes than respective progenitors, although A. arenosa-derived subgenome has more structural variation and transposon distributions than A. thaliana-derived subgenome. These balanced genomic variations are accompanied by pervasive convergent and concerted changes in DNA methylation and gene expression among allotetraploids. The A subgenome is hypomethylated rapidly from F1 to resynthesized allotetraploids and convergently to the T-subgenome level in natural A. suecica, despite many other methylated loci being inherited from F1 to all allotetraploids. These changes in DNA methylation, including small RNAs, in allotetraploids may affect gene expression and phenotypic variation, including flowering, silencing of self-incompatibility and upregulation of meiosis- and mitosis-related genes. In conclusion, concerted genomic and epigenomic changes may improve stability and adaptation during polyploid evolution.

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Schistosoma mansoni and Echinostoma caproni excretorysecretory products differentially affect gene expression in Biomphalaria glabrata embryonic cells

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182003004049 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 127 (6) ◽

pp. 533-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

C. COUSTAU ◽

G. MITTA ◽

C. DISSOUS ◽

F. GUILLOU ◽

R. GALINIER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽

Embryonic Cells ◽

Echinostoma Caproni ◽

Affect Gene Expression

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Mammalian linker-histone subtypes differentially affect gene expression in vivo

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.0736105100 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 100 (10) ◽

pp. 5920-5925 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

R. Alami ◽

Y. Fan ◽

S. Pack ◽

T. M. Sonbuchner ◽

A. Besse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Linker Histone ◽

Affect Gene Expression

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Hormone-dependent milk protein gene expression in bovine mammary explants from biopsies at different stages of pregnancy

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029904000068 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 135-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Paul A Sheehy ◽

James J Della-Vedova ◽

Kevin R Nicholas ◽

Peter C Wynn

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Protein Gene ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Mammary Tissue ◽

Endocrine Regulation ◽

Surgical Biopsy ◽

Milk Protein Gene ◽

Milk Protein Gene Expression

A method for the collection of mammary biopsies developed previously was refined and used to study the endocrine regulation of bovine milk protein gene expression. Our surgical biopsy method used real-time ultrasound imaging and epidural analgesia to enable recovery of a sufficient quantity of mammary tissue from late-pregnant dairy cows for explant culture in vitro. The time of biopsy was critical for prolactin-dependent induction of milk protein gene expression in mammary explants, as only mammary tissue from cows nearing 30 d prepartum was hormone-responsive. This suggests that during the later stages of pregnancy a change in the responsiveness of milk protein gene expression to endocrine stimuli occurred in preparation for lactation. This may relate to the diminution of a putative population of undifferentiated cells that were still responsive to prolactin. Alternatively, the metabolic activity of the tissue had increased to the level whereby the response of the tissue was no longer assessable using this model in vitro.

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