The impact of decoupled subsidies on productivity in agriculture: a cross-country analysis using microdata

This study examines the impact of foreign aid instruments, namely Project Aid and Programme Aid, on economic growth of 27 aid-receiving countries. The study constructs a system of three equations, i.e. growth, investment and human capital. Using the Generalised Method of Moment estimation technique, the study concludes that while Project Aid has a positive and significant impact on economic growth, Programme Aid has an insignificant impact on economic growth. Additionally, the study finds that economic policies do enhance effectiveness of aid at aggregate level. Therefore, the capacity of aid-recipient countries to effectively use their resources for economic development needs due consideration. Keywords: Project Aid, Programme Aid, Economic Growth, Conditionality, Procurement Reform, System Equation Method, Generalised Method of Moment (GMM), Principal Component Analysis

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Impact of Cultural Factors on Entrepreneurship

Advances in Higher Education and Professional Development - Handbook of Research on Ethics, Entrepreneurship, and Governance in Higher Education ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5837-8.ch020 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 433-454

Author(s):

Jose Ramón Gutierrez Martin

Keyword(s):

Cultural Factors ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽

Country Analysis ◽

Main Factors ◽

Global Entrepreneurship ◽

Cross Country ◽

Entrepreneurship Ecosystems ◽

Hapax Legomenon ◽

The Impact

Since the 1990s there has been extensive literature about the main factors impacting on entrepreneurship activity, and therefore on the genesis and development of entrepreneurship ecosystems. Among these factors, cultural ones are of the most interest because they are specific to every community and may become essential to boost or break the entrepreneurship activity. A lot has been written about these cultural factors, especially at reaching conclusions from specific cases. However, any kind of cross-country analysis of these cultural factors has been much less widely published, with some rare exceptions. Indeed, this chapter aims to fill this gap, enhancing knowledge about entrepreneurship with a cross-country analysis on the impact of cultural factors, using models and data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Moreover, particular focus has been done on Japan because of its nature as an hapax legomenon country that lets us better appreciate the impact of these factors.

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The Determinants of Health Status: A Cross-Country Analysis

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v33i4iipp.745-758 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 33 (4II) ◽

pp. 745-758 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rehana Siddiqui ◽

Mir Annice Mahmood

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Human Resource Development ◽

Labour Force ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

General Level ◽

Life Expectancy At Birth ◽

Country Analysis ◽

Cross Country ◽

The Impact

An analysis of health status is an important aspect of human resource development. Improvements in health do not only improve the productivity of the labour force, but they also help to improve the impact of other forms of human capital formation, e.g. education. In most developing countries health status is difficult to determine as the question arises as to what measures should be used as indicators of health status. At a general level most of the demand or production function considerations are obtained by aggregating over the micro factors. I However, in the case of health status micro and macro measures may not be perfectly correlated; In most cross-country studies life expectancy at birth or the infant mortality rate are taken as indicators of health status. Other measures which can be used to indicate such improvements in health status are age and diseasespecifrc mortality or morbidity and life expectancy. However, the improvement in health status can be observed most obviously from increases in life expectancy which is a better measure for cross country comparison than age and diseasespecific mortality or morbidity, which are more difficult to compare at the international level.

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Volatility in Discretionary Public Spending and Economic Growth: A Cross Country Analysis

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v59i1pp.45-68 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 45-68

Author(s):

Muhsin Ali ◽

Karim Khan

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Public Spending ◽

Jel Classification ◽

Developed Economies ◽

Potential Control ◽

Country Analysis ◽

Cross Country ◽

The Impact

Volatility in discretionary public spending has diverse implications for the overall economic performance of economies. In this study, we examine the impact of volatile non�systematic discretionary public spending on economic growth. By employing cross-country data of 74 developed and developing economies, we find that volatility in non-systematic discretionary public spending has an adverse impact on economic growth. In particular, such impact is severe in the case of less developed economies. Our findings are robust to the problem of endogeneity. In order to ensure the accuracy of the results, we conduct sufficient sensitivity analysis by incorporating a bunch of potential control variables. In most of the cases, the results with regard to the policy volatility remain intact. This suggests that effective spending rules, i.e. permanent numerical limits, should be imposed on budgetary aggregates to restrain governments from the volatile use of discretionary spending. JEL Classification: H3; H5 Keywords: Volatility in Discretionary Public Spending, Economic Growth, Effective Spending Rule

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