scholarly journals The Determinants of Health Status: A Cross-Country Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4II) ◽  
pp. 745-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehana Siddiqui ◽  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
General Level ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Impact

An analysis of health status is an important aspect of human resource development. Improvements in health do not only improve the productivity of the labour force, but they also help to improve the impact of other forms of human capital formation, e.g. education. In most developing countries health status is difficult to determine as the question arises as to what measures should be used as indicators of health status. At a general level most of the demand or production function considerations are obtained by aggregating over the micro factors. I However, in the case of health status micro and macro measures may not be perfectly correlated; In most cross-country studies life expectancy at birth or the infant mortality rate are taken as indicators of health status. Other measures which can be used to indicate such improvements in health status are age and diseasespecifrc mortality or morbidity and life expectancy. However, the improvement in health status can be observed most obviously from increases in life expectancy which is a better measure for cross country comparison than age and diseasespecific mortality or morbidity, which are more difficult to compare at the international level.

scholarly journals Health disparities in Russia at the regional and global scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Shartova ◽  
Vladimir Tikunov ◽  
Olga Chereshnya
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Abstract Background The capacity for health comparisons, including the accurate comparison of indicators, is necessary for a comprehensive evaluation of well-being in places where people live. An important issue is the assessment of within-country heterogeneity for geographically extensive countries. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial and temporal changes in health status in Russia and to compare these regional changes with global trends. Methods The index, which considers the infant mortality rate and the male and female life expectancy at birth, was used for this purpose. Homogeneous territorial groups were identified using principal component analysis and multivariate ranking procedures. Trend analysis of individual indicators included in the index was also performed to assess the changes over the past 20 years (1990–2017). Results The study indicated a trend towards convergence in health indicators worldwide, which is largely due to changes in infant mortality. It also revealed that the trend of increasing life expectancy in many regions of Russia is not statistically significant. Significant interregional heterogeneity of health status in Russia was identified according to the application of typological ranking. The regions were characterized by similar index values until the mid-1990s. Conclusions The strong spatial inequality in health of population was found in Russia. While many regions of Russia were comparable to the countries in the high-income group in terms of GDP, the progress in health was less pronounced. Perhaps this can be explained by intraregional inequality, expressed by significant fluctuations in income levels. Trial registration Not applicable.

scholarly journals The Impact of Gender on Unemployment: Cross‑country and Within‑country Analysis of the European Labour Markets during Economic Recession

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Tatiana Medková
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Individual Probability ◽  
Cook’S Distance ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cook's Distance ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of gender on the individual probability of being unemployed and makes a cross‑country comparison across 13 European countries during the European recession. Applying a general logit model for each country and capital, whilst controlling for the year, as well as for individual and regional characteristics, the probability of unemployment was estimated using individual labour force data from 2011 to 2014. Cook’s distance is used to examine the differences between labour markets of capital regions (or cities) and non‑capital regions. Using the size of Cook’s distance, models are calibrated, and models which include the degree of urbanization and occupation type are evaluated. The results are presented in the form of a spatial map and show that gender affects the probability of unemployment in the majority of the analysed countries. Overall, the effect is lower in capital than in non‑capital regions.

scholarly journals Technical Efficiency in the Use of Health Care Resources: A Cross-Country Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorin Gabriel Anton
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Use Of Health Care

Abstract The aim of the paper is to assess the technical efficiency of twenty health systems from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). We used an outputoriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the technical efficiency of the health systems using the latest data available on infant death and life expectancy as health outcomes. Our results show that technical efficiency varies across these health systems and this translates into potential savings of resources. The average efficiency scores for all heath systems were 0.98 for life expectancy at birth and only 0.821 for infant mortality. More than half of the health systems in the sample were technically inefficient in 2009 for both outputs. We found that 30% of national health systems were technically efficient for both outputs.

scholarly journals The impact of human development on the economy of Saudi Arabia in view of the vision 2030 during (1990 – 2016): أثر التنمية البشرية على اقتصاد المملكة العربية السعودية في ضوء رؤية 2030 للفترة (1990 – 2016م)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Shadad Al- Abdullah, Reem Saeed Al- Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Price Level ◽  
General Level ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Vision 2030 ◽  
The Impact

The study examined the effect of human development in Saudi Arabia within the vision 2030 during the period (1990- 2016) relationship between the sexes, where the variable GDP of both (labor force, life expectancy at birth, average income, economic openness) According to UNDP, overall price level (human development (life expectancy at birth, expenditure on education, average income) and economic growth. Among the results of the annual non- significant study (manpower, economic openness, the general level of prices), and in the light of these results, we reached a set of the most important: expansion and intensification of investment in education, training and rehabilitation, and activation to the Saudization of the economy, and rationalize government spending in line with development needs Economic.

scholarly journals The decomposition of life expectancy for age and cause of death in Tuscany, Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Nante ◽  
L Kundisova ◽  
F Gori ◽  
A Martini ◽  
F Battisti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Reduction Of Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Changing of life expectancy at birth (LE) over time reflects variations of mortality rates of a certain population. Italy is amongst the countries with the highest LE, Tuscany ranks fifth at the national level. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the impact of various causes of death in different age groups on the change in LE in the Tuscany region (Italy) during period 1987-2015. Material and methods Mortality data relative to residents that died during the period between 1987/1989 and 2013/2015 were provided by the Tuscan Regional Mortality Registry. The causes of death taken into consideration were cardiovascular (CVS), respiratory (RESP) and infective (INF) diseases and cancer (TUM). The decomposition of LE gain was realized with software Epidat, using the Pollard’s method. Results The overall LE gain during the period between two three-years periods was 6.7 years for males, with a major gain between 65-89, and 4.5 years for females, mainly improved between 75-89, <1 year for both sexes. The major gain (2.6 years) was attributable to the reduction of mortality for CVS, followed by TUM (1.76 in males and 0.83 in females) and RESP (0.4 in males; 0.1 in females). The major loss of years of LE was attributable to INF (-0.15 in females; -0.07 in males) and lung cancer in females (-0.13), for which the opposite result was observed for males (gain of 0.62 years of LE). Conclusions During the study period (1987-2015) the gain in LE was major for males. To the reduction of mortality for CVS have contributed to the tempestuous treatment of acute CVS events and secondary CVS prevention. For TUM the result is attributable to the adherence of population to oncologic screening programmes. The excess of mortality for INF that lead to the loss of LE can be attributed to the passage from ICD-9 to ICD-10 in 2003 (higher sensibility of ICD-10) and to the diffusion of multi-drug resistant bacteria, which lead to elevated mortality in these years. Key messages The gain in LE during the period the 1987-2015 was higher in males. The major contribution to gain in LE was due to a reduction of mortality for CVS diseases.

The impact of decoupled subsidies on productivity in agriculture: a cross-country analysis using microdata

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrius Kazukauskas ◽  
Carol Newman ◽  
Johannes Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Mortality level and trend in South Africa and their Implications

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
K. A. KYEI ◽  
P. GAVHI
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
South African ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Critical Measure ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Credible Information

Mortality is a critical measure of population’s health and public health systems. Infant mortality, for example, indicates quality of life, accessibility to primary healthcare and the overall health status of a country. Reduction in infant mortality shows improvement in the health status. No credible information about mortality in South Africa because the two previous censuses’ data from Statistics South Africa (StatsSA) were not reliable, this study makes attempt to bridge the gap in the lack of knowledge. Th is study uses South African General Household Survey (SAGHS) data, to fi nd the level and trend of mortality and their implications. Data for the years, 2012, 2013 and 2015, have been used. Demographic and statistical methods, including an evaluation of data quality using UN joint score, and construction of model life tables. The results indicated that the infant mortality rate (IMR) was 43 per 1000 in 2012, 36 per 1000 in 2013 and 21 per 1000 in 2015. Th is study further indicated that the general health status of South African population improved marginally from 2012 to 2015 because the life expectancy in creas ed by 7 years for the males, and by 8 years for females, between those years. The study results that SAGHS data are reliable, mortality is decreasing with increasing life expectancy. The study recommends that more proactive measures need to be put in place to improve the health status of the population, especially the children because the IMR is still quite high and creates concerns.

scholarly journals Revisiting Fiscal Responsibility Norms: A Cross Country Analysis of the Impact of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Muralikrishna Bharadwaj ◽  
Tarrung Kapur ◽  
Ragini Trehan
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Responsibility ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Impact
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document