An Empirical Analysis of the Algerian Entrepreneurship Ecosystem

This study is going to focus on the Algerian entrepreneurship ecosystem by adopting an investigation approach to explore the efficiency of the entrepreneurship process and actions. A proper survey has been conducted among several Algerian entrepreneurs to understand the national entrepreneurial ecosystem: environment, financial capacity, collaboration with the external environment, innovation capacity, etc. This chapter reports the findings of entrepreneurship ecosystem concerning the six entrepreneurship-related domains described by Isenberg to identify and develop. Results show that Algerian efforts still need a lot of enrichment due to the importance of the issue and the need for environmental and technological changes in the country. These changes should be substantially generated depending on the nature of entrepreneurship and should require the necessity of keeping up with these changes especially when shaping strategies and policies to address these challenges.

Impact of Cultural Factors on Entrepreneurship

Since the 1990s there has been extensive literature about the main factors impacting on entrepreneurship activity, and therefore on the genesis and development of entrepreneurship ecosystems. Among these factors, cultural ones are of the most interest because they are specific to every community and may become essential to boost or break the entrepreneurship activity. A lot has been written about these cultural factors, especially at reaching conclusions from specific cases. However, any kind of cross-country analysis of these cultural factors has been much less widely published, with some rare exceptions. Indeed, this chapter aims to fill this gap, enhancing knowledge about entrepreneurship with a cross-country analysis on the impact of cultural factors, using models and data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Moreover, particular focus has been done on Japan because of its nature as an hapax legomenon country that lets us better appreciate the impact of these factors.

Corporate Social Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is a strategic opportunity for human development, on which MNCs play a vital role in the spillover effect. This chapter aims (1) to illustrate corporate social entrepreneurship (CSE) practices to generate social value and (2) to explore their ethical constraint alleviation. Using an internet-mediated research, a sustainability analysis of seventy companies from different countries and sizes evidenced that CSE is a tool for economic growth and good governance. This study brings new insights to the field of CSR and its role in sustainability by incorporating the entrepreneurship discipline. A corporate social innovation business model is proposed as a core business strategy. Also, Ecuadorian CSE practices and their different perspectives can serve as references for future studies.

A Triple Helix Model Based on Open Collaborative Innovation in Colombia

The open collaborative innovation model based on a triple helix proposes a way by which collaborative processes and innovation networks create value. It contains seven components: (1) innovation challenges, (2) internal-external knowledge, (3) paradigm change, (4) leadership, (5) interinstitutional and transdisciplinary teams, (6) communication, and (7) creative solutions; and six principles: (1) identity, (2) agreements,(3) flexibility, (4) commitment, (5) recognition, and (6) trust. This research emphasizes on the importance of Component 5 for programs of open collaborative innovation, since the joint work among the academy, the government, and the industry to create a triple helix consolidates systems of regional innovation that are necessary to improve national competitiveness and productivity.

Higher Education, Social Welfare, and Corruption

The world is facing multiple changes and challenges; the environment shows inequalities, poverty, and corruption. Ecuador is not the exception. The man is declared the primary focus of the Ecuadorian Constitution to meet such changes. The objective of decreasing poverty, improving wealth distribution, and contributing to sustainable human development is unavoidable. In that context, the university has the pivotal role in generating interaction with society and its reality, to train professionals social and humanly responsible towards such facts, to promote the social management of knowledge from different action fields. The goal of this chapter is to specify the role of higher education institutions (HEIs) in a society where they take part, to draw up social responsibility of universities in Guayaquil and the challenges they face, as well as actions that contribute to the eradication of corruption and greater wellbeing of the society.

Fourth Industrial Revolution

We are at the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution. The authors understand that university education should embrace the keys to this scenario and do so immediately. Considering this fact, new university teaching should be supported by technological immersion, but also by a culture of proactivity and training in values. The third of these pillars achieves an unimaginable relevance in regards to this emerging industrial revolution, which aims to become the revolution of values. Within this context, the university must move into the practice of ethical values and offer training based on soft skills. Moreover, there is a path that links ethics with soft skills based on the synergy between the two. From this idea, the central objectives of this work are to propose a university model for educational innovation based on values that also includes the tools for its implementation. The chapter ends with a practical case for implementing the model at the fablab that the University of Extremadura has available for its students majoring in Information Technology Engineering.

To Take or Not to Take?

Business ethics are not only an effective method of competitive struggle but also measurable economic benefits. The sense of responsibility allows to limit arbitrariness and develop a concept of freedom that will take into account the needs of others. In the face of a crisis of values, the ethical attitudes and moral issues are of particular importance, both in the professions of public trust and in the economic sphere. The analysis confronts two separate groups, those who enter the market and establish their business and those who already are in the market and have to manage. The attitude of the people involved in the market depends on the atmosphere on it. Due to this, the authors analyze the beliefs of the students to ethical issues and their views on the rules which control the economy because they will be responsible for the local market.

Industry-Academia Collaboration in Business Schools

In today's competitive business environment, companies need to recruit right personnel for the right job at the right time. The competencies required for the managers to succeed in the corporate world are knowledge, skills, and attitude. In this context, the chapter explains the need for the industry-academia collaboration in higher education in general and business schools in particular. This collaboration should be at input, process, and output levels of the business school activities. Here the author with the case study of IFIM Business School, located in India, attempts to provide the insights into the best practices followed in industry-academia collaboration. The chapter explains the opportunities and the challenges in fostering effective industry-academia collaboration and offers suggestions to design a strategic win-win business policy for the partners.

Proposal of a Comprehensive Model of Teachable Entrepreneurship Competencies (M-TEC)

This chapter presents a literature review of the term competency given the importance of the term in a wide variety of domains, specifically in the education and training. More specifically, the concept is analyzed within the entrepreneurship domain since it has used it as a framework to study entrepreneurs and their performance with new venture creation and later its growth. The chapter also presents a review of entrepreneurship competency models which have been proposed by previous research under the iceberg model. In the end, a model of entrepreneurship competencies is introduced, paying close attention to the behavioral level competencies which can be developed throughout education basing on past research and in the iceberg model.

University-Based Entrepreneurial Ecosystems

Embedding entrepreneurship into the university mission and culture in developing countries is key to national economic growth and social development. Therefore, having a better understanding of university-based entrepreneurial ecosystems considered as benchmark cases is a good start to introduce to the topic. For such reason, the objective of this chapter is to describe the situation of the entrepreneurial ecosystem at Tecnologico de Monterrey in Guadalajara, Mexico, its leading actors and roles, and how they have been relevant to promote entrepreneurial initiatives among higher education students, alumni, and faculty members. Along with the case description and based on a previous study, the authors present a comparison of Tecnologico de Monterrey case with four universities' entrepreneurial ecosystems. Findings suggest that the strategy followed to promote university-based entrepreneurship depends on the internal capabilities of each institution and the capacity of the region to support it.