A Reusable, Compliant, Small Volume Blood Reservoir for In Vitro Hemolysis Testing

Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused with rabbit red cells suspended in Ringer solution. A small volume of perfusate was recirculated for 10 min at Pco2 of 33.4 +/- 0.9 or 150.8 +/- 7.5 mmHg. Hypercapnia resulted in an increase in perfusate HCO3- concentration that was smaller than that observed when isolated perfusate was equilibrated in vitro with the same CO2 tensions (delta HCO-3e = 1.6 mM, P less than 0.01). This difference is consistent with a net movement of HCO3- into or H+ out of the mycardial cell, and cannot be accounted for by dilution of HCO3- in the myocardial interstitium. Recirculation of perfusate through the coronary circulation at normal Pco2 for two consecutive 10-min periods was not followed by changes in perfusate HCO3- concentration. A high degree of correlation (r = 0.81) was observed between intracellular HCO-3e concentration and the corresponding delta HCO-3e in individual experiments. The results suggest that transmembrane exchange of H+ or HCO3- is a buffer mechanism for CO2 in the myocardial cell.

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Effect of transpulmonary pressure on airway closure in immature and mature rabbits

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1995.78.2.505 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 505-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

R. S. Tepper ◽

S. J. Gunst ◽

C. M. Doerschuk ◽

X. Shen ◽

W. Bray

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Small Volume ◽

Transpulmonary Pressure ◽

Lung Parenchyma ◽

Tracheal Smooth Muscle ◽

Airway Closure ◽

Maximal Stimulation ◽

In Vitro Sensitivity ◽

Airway Opening

The transpulmonary pressures (Ptp values) at which airway closure occurred during maximal stimulation with methacholine were compared in 10 mature and 9 immature rabbit lungs by using an alveolar capsule technique to assess airway closure. After maximal constriction, airway opening and alveolar capsule pressures were recorded during small volume oscillations as Ptp was lowered from 12 to 4 cmH2O. At each Ptp, the proportion of alveolar capsules indicating airway closure was greater for the immature than for the mature lungs (P < 0.025). At Ptp of 4 cmH2O, only 20% of alveolar capsules indicated airway closure in the mature lungs in contrast to 85% indicating closure in the immature lungs (P < 0.001). The in vitro sensitivity of tracheal smooth muscle to acetylcholine and histamine was greater in tissues from immature than from mature rabbits. We conclude that the more frequent airway closure observed in immature rabbits could reflect maturational differences in the structure of the bronchi or lung parenchyma or differences in the coupling between the parenchyma and the airways.

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A sensitive HPLC-FL method to simultaneously determine febuxostat and diclofenac in rat plasma: assessment of metabolic drug interactions in vitro and in vivo

Analytical Methods ◽

10.1039/d0ay00471e ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (16) ◽

pp. 2166-2175 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dong-Gyun Han ◽

Kyu-Sang Kim ◽

Seong-Wook Seo ◽

Young Mee Baek ◽

Yunjin Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sample Preparation ◽

Drug Interactions ◽

Simultaneous Determination ◽

Small Volume ◽

Rat Plasma ◽

Metabolic Drug ◽

Simple Sample Preparation

We developed a sensitive, simple and validated HPLC-FL method for simultaneous determination of FEB and DIC in rat plasma. The method requires a relatively small volume of sample, has simple sample preparation and excellent sensitivity.

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In vitro dissolution testing of respirable size anti-tubercular drug particles using a small volume dissolution apparatus

International Journal of Pharmaceutics ◽

10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 559 ◽

pp. 235-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Basanth Babu Eedara ◽

Ian G. Tucker ◽

Shyamal C. Das

Keyword(s):

Small Volume ◽

In Vitro Dissolution ◽

Dissolution Testing ◽

Dissolution Apparatus

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One Dimensional Experimental Setup to Study the Heating of Nanoparticle Laden Systems

ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2010-19676 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhenpeng Qin ◽

John C. Bischof

Keyword(s):

Small Volume ◽

Laser Energy ◽

Special Kind ◽

Gold Nanoshells ◽

Experimental Setup ◽

Heat Absorption ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Lumped Models

Intensive efforts have been put into the use of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for the enhancement of hyperthermia using laser in recent years since the groundbreaking work of Hirsh et al.(1) using gold nanoshells (GNS). Both in vitro (2), and in vivo (3) studies show promising results. For example, GNS, a special kind of GNP, are being manufactured and are in clinical trials (Nanospectra Bioscience, Inc). While the data is compelling, unfortunately the fundamentals of GNP heating are not entirely understood. For example, there are large discrepancies in the experimentally measured photothermal efficiency of GNPs (4, 5). Furthermore, lumped models of GNP heating in solution, by using small volume of GNP solution (4, 5), or stirring the solution (6), neglecting the variation of heat absorption throughout a system require improvement. In reality, the GNPs will attenuate the laser beam as it passes through the GNP host medium. GNPs at different locations will absorb different amount of laser energy and hence have different heat generation.

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Cerebral Arterial Spasm

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-197901000-00007 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 37-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 128

Author(s):

George S. Allen ◽

Suzanne B. Banghart

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Basilar Artery ◽

Femoral Artery ◽

Small Volume ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

In Vitro Experiments ◽

Arterial Spasm ◽

Selective Effect

Abstract We performed in vitro experiments with a small volume chamber to determine the inhibitory effect of nifedipine on serotonin-, phenylephrine-, and potassium-induced contractions of canine basilar and femoral arteries. Nifedipine, an inhibitor of the influx of extracellular calcium into smooth muscle cells, was found to be a sensitive inhibitor of contractions of the basilar artery induced by all three agents. In contrast, nifedipine did not significantly inhibit the serotonin- and phenylephrine-induced contractions of the femoral artery but did inhibit potassium-induced contractions of the femoral artery. Calcium-induced contractions of the basilar artery were also inhibited by nifedipine. These experiments demonstrate a relatively selective effect of nifedipine on the basilar artery, and a mechanism to explain this selective effect is postulated.

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Effect of electrostatic charge, flow, delay and multiple actuations on the in vitro delivery of salbutamol from different small volume spacers for infants.

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thx.51.10.985 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 51 (10) ◽

pp. 985-988 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

J. H. Wildhaber ◽

S. G. Devadason ◽

E. Eber ◽

M. J. Hayden ◽

M. L. Everard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Volume ◽

Electrostatic Charge ◽

Charge Flow

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Single-unit transfusions of RBC enzymatically converted from group B to group O to A and O normal volunteers

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v77.6.1383.1383 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 1383-1388 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

LL Lenny ◽

R Hurst ◽

J Goldstein ◽

LJ Benjamin ◽

RL Jones

Keyword(s):

Single Unit ◽

Small Volume ◽

Survival Times ◽

Chronic Anemia ◽

Group A ◽

Alpha Galactosidase ◽

Group B ◽

Sustained Increase

Abstract Full-unit transfusions of RBC enzymatically converted from group B to group O by treatment with alpha-galactosidase (ECO RBC) to group O and A normal healthy individuals exhibit excellent in vivo survival times (24-hour survival 95.1% +/- 2.3%, T50 36.9 +/- 4.6 days). These results confirm our earlier findings describing ECO RBC in vitro viability and normal in vivo survival time after small-volume infusions. No significant increase in pretransfusion anti-B titer or score is observed in either group O or A subjects provided that sufficient enzyme is used to treat the cells: Cells transfused to group O recipients require higher levels of enzyme (185 to 200 U/mL RBC) than those infused to group A (90 U/mL RBC). Two separate single-unit transfusions of ECO RBC to one group O recipient (4.5 months apart) also survived normally (24-hour survival 96% and 92%, T50 40 and 36 days) and did not increase preexisting anti-B levels in this subject. ECO RBC were not agglutinated or lysed by recipient sera before or after transfusion. Similarly, no antibody development to the alpha- galactosidase used in cell treatment (and washed from the product before transfusion) could be detected in any subject. The sustained increase in hemoglobin levels after transfusion of ECO RBC suggests that this product will be useful in treatment of acute and chronic anemia.

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Adsorption of Erythropoietin and Growth Hormone to Peritoneal Dialysis Bags and Tubing

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686080102100117 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Cornelis H. Schröder ◽

Leon M.J.W. Swinkels ◽

Roel E. Reddingius ◽

Fred G.J. Sweep ◽

Hans L. Willems ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Human Growth Hormone ◽

Small Volume ◽

Recombinant Human Growth Hormone ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Human Growth ◽

University Hospital ◽

Intraperitoneal Therapy

Objective To study the adsorption of erythropoietin and growth hormone to dialysis bags and tubing. Design In vitro study in which radiolabeled erythropoietin and recombinant human growth hormone were added to small-volume (50- and 250-mL) dialysis bags. Recovery was measured after 15-minute dwells. Experiments were performed in triplicate. Setting University hospital. Results Adsorption of erythropoietin and growth hormone was less than 7%. Conclusion Adsorption of erythropoietin and recombinant human growth hormone to dialysis bags and tubing is minimal. This finding provides another argument in favor of intraperitoneal therapy in pediatric peritoneal dialysis.

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Preparation of the Buffy Coat From Small-Volume Blood Samples For Ultrastructural Study

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100120254 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 712-713

Author(s):

M. J. Mitchell ◽

E. J. Mirro ◽

H. E. Black ◽

E. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Blood ◽

Small Volume ◽

Electron Microscopic Examination ◽

Buffy Coat ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Volume Blood ◽

Toxicological Research ◽

Early Indication

Electron microscopic examination of peripheral blood is a valuable technique in toxicological research. Blood can be collected for examination several times during a toxicological study. Compound-induced cellular changes detected in peripheral blood cells prior to the terminal necropsy may be an early indication of potential compound-related toxicity.The routine use of small rodents in toxicological studies presents a problem; the amount of blood available at interim collections is minimal. The following technique has been refined for the purpose of examining leukocytes in small blood samples (1 cc or less). Leukocytes are concentrated so that a maximal number per sample can be examined.

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