White faeces disease and abundance of bacteria and phytoplankton in intensive pacific white shrimp farming

Abstract Water quality, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton, proto and mezo-zooplankton abundance were spatiotemporally evaluated in an estuary receiving effluents from a Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei farm in Patos Lagoon estuary, Southern Brazil. Samples were taken before (BD) and; 1 day (1 PD) 5 days (5 PD), 10 days (10 PD), 20 days (20 PD) and 30 days (30 PD) after the effluents discharge. Some water quality parameters were affected by the effluents discharge; however, these changes were restricted to a distance of 20 m from the effluent discharge channel for a period of 5 days. The microbial community was dominated by chlorophyceae, followed by diatoms, cyanobacteria and ciliates. There was an increase in the abundance of different groups on the 1 PD sampling compared to BD. The zooplankton abundance was low in practically all sites, except for 30 PD sampling. The meso-zooplanktonic organisms were represented by copepods, mostly Acartia tonsa. Despite some effects on water quality and phytoplankton and protozooplankton abundance until 5 PD sampling, these alterations dissipated in a short period of time. We conclude that the environment quickly assimilated the effluents discharge, and the water quality parameters remained within the limits stipulated by standard guidelines.

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PROTEIN REQUIREMENT FOR INITIAL REARING PHASE OF PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP IN A BIOFLOC SYSTEM

Boletim do Instituto de Pesca ◽

10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2021.47.e653 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. e653

Author(s):

Fernanda Morais HENRIQUES ◽

Ariane Martins GUIMARÃES ◽

Carlos Andrés DÍAZ ◽

Débora Machado FRACALOSSI ◽

Edemar Roberto ANDREATTA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Pacific White Shrimp ◽

Shrimp Farming ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Protein Requirement ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Final Weight

This study evaluated the protein requirement of Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae during the initial rearing phase in a biofloc system. Five different diets were evaluated with increasing concentrations of crude protein: 31.28, 36.29, 41.57, 46.34, and 51.74 g 100 g-1 CP. Post-larvae (0.16 ± 0.01 g) were stocked at a density of 450 PL m-3 in 400 L tanks. Water quality parameters were maintained within the limits recommended for shrimp farming. After 38 days, a regression analysis revealed that levels of CP content (65.29 – 72.83%), EE (10.45 – 11.65%) and body N (10.45 – 11.64%) increased with increasing protein levels in the diet. A similar trend was observed in the biofloc sludge with respect to CP and N. Survival exceeded 80%, and the shrimp with diets containing 31.28 to 46.34g 100 g-1 CP presented an increase in final weight (1.52 – 2.61 g), productivity (0.69 – 1.10 Kg m-3), weight gain (1.38 – 2.44 g), and feeding efficiency (77.28 – 101.68%), whereas these indices decreased to51.74 g 100 g-1 CP. Crude protein content from 44.26 to 47.12 g 100 g-1 provided the best growth performance during the initial rearing phase of Pacific white shrimp in a biofloc system.

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Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Budidaya Udang Vanname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Keramba Jaring Apung Laut

MANAJEMEN IKM: Jurnal Manajemen Pengembangan Industri Kecil Menengah ◽

10.29244/mikm.13.2.175-179 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Pindo Witoko ◽

Ninik Purbosari ◽

Nuning Mahmudah Noor

Keyword(s):

Net Present Value ◽

Pacific White Shrimp ◽

Shrimp Farming ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Net Benefit ◽

Shrimp Culture ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Net Cage ◽

Benefit Cost

<p>Pacific white shrimp is one of the primadona of fishery commodities. The development of Pacific white shrimp can be done by using floating net cage (FNC). Shrimp culture in sea floating net cage is the one of alternative aquaculture of environmentally friendly shrimp cultivation and potentially become applicative technology of shrimp farming in the future. The aims of this study were to know the feasibility of white shrimp culture in sea floating net cage. The study was conducted by using descriptive and analytic method with 18 pieces of cage. Analysis of the feasibility using net present Value (NPV),Internal Rate of return (IRR), Net Benefit-Cost Ratio, Gross Benefit-Cost Ratio, Payback Period (PBP), and Break Even Point (BEP). The study result show that the NPV is IDR 43,315,360.00; IRR is 21.47%; net B/C ratio is 5.11, gross B/C ratio is 3.71; PBP is 6 months and 9 days and BEP is 1,837.82 kg of shrimp biomass or IDR 147,025,891.18 of the value of sales. The final result of feasibility analysis of shrimp culture in sea floating net cage is feasible to run.</p>

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Allocative Efficiency of Production Input of Pacific White Shrimp Farming in Grabag District, Purworejo Regency, Central Java

Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan ◽

10.33512/jpk.v8i2.6644 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 144

Author(s):

Gama Dian Nugroho ◽

Masyhuri Masyhuri ◽

Irham Irham

Keyword(s):

Allocative Efficiency ◽

Pacific White Shrimp ◽

Shrimp Farming ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Central Java

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Life Cycle Assessment of Pacific White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Farming System in Trang Province, Thailand

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.679 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1030-1032 ◽

pp. 679-682

Author(s):

Watcharaporn Tantipanatip ◽

Suwit Jitpukdee ◽

Prayong Keeratiurai ◽

Khwanta Tantikamton ◽

Nathawut Thanee

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Energy Use ◽

Carbon Fixation ◽

Farming System ◽

Pacific White Shrimp ◽

Shrimp Farming ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Penaeus Vannamei

Life cycle assessment (LCA) of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) was conducted in Trang province, southern Thailand during January, 2011 to December, 2012 to investigate the rate of carbon massflow in shrimp farming. Total 106 shrimp farm owners were interviewed and questionnaired. Carbon content, carbon fixation and carbon emission were also analyzed. The results revealed that the rate of carbon massflow from shrimp feed (C-input) was 0.015±0.031, carbon fixation in shrimp was 0.014±0.031, the carbon emission from shrimp was 0.001±0.000 and energy usage was 22.676±16.891 kg.C/kg shrimp/day. The environmental impacts were mainly caused by energy use, farm-level effluents and transportation. It can be concluded that Pacific white shrimp farming system was an important part of environmental problems.

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Efficacy of Probiotics and Bioflocs on the Production Performance of Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon and Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei during Polyculture Operation

Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research ◽

10.9734/ajfar/2021/v11i230198 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 15-28

Author(s):

K. Sirisha ◽

Y. Aparna ◽

M. Srinivasulu Reddy

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Penaeus Monodon ◽

Pacific White Shrimp ◽

Mass Mortality ◽

Shrimp Farming ◽

Probiotic Bacteria ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Production Rates ◽

Shrimp Culture

Shrimp culture has been developed during the last three decades and the production of farmed shrimp reached its peak. However, the shrimp production was decreased all over the World including in Asian Countries because of the mass mortality due to the outbreak of several diseases predominantly White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) which caused extensive economic damage to the shrimp culture industry. Various Polyculture technologies of shrimp with shellfish, finfish or seaweeds have been implemented to reduce economic damages by mass mortality of shrimp. The present study was conducted with Tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon and Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei through Polyculture operation to determine optimum stocking ratios for induction of best performance and highest production rates. Initially, the experiments were conducted with different ratios and combinations of stocking densities 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2 ratios of Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei with control group feed with commercial feed, the other group certain Probiotic bacteria such as Bacillus licheniformis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus added in feed, the third group both the Probiotic bacteria and the addition of external Carbon source from sugarcane molasses in the form of Bioflocs for 100 days. To ascertain further interaction of ratios influence, 20:10, 20:12, 20:15 ratios of stocking and Monoculture experiments were conducted. In both the experiments the Survival rate, Final body weights, Weight Gain, Feed conversion ratio, Specific growth rates, Average daily growth rates, Protein efficiency ratio, and Productivity rates were significantly different (P<0.05) in all the different treatments both for P. monodon and L. vannamei. From the results obtained 20:10 ratio of P. monodon and L. vannamei was considered as the best ratio of stocking, which yielded the highest production rates in all the Control, Probiotic added and both Probiotic & Biofloc added groups. The results obtained in the present study clearly demonstrate that the rearing of taxonomically similar species with optimum stocking ratios seems to improve the efficiency of shrimp farming and substantially increasing the production rates. So, this polyculture of P. monodon and L. vannamei can be considered as an alternative approach towards the establishment of sustainable shrimp farming activity which will yield good economic returns.

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Acute Hepatopancreases Necrosis Diseases (AHPND) as Challenging Threat in Shrimp

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac121.978991 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 978-991

Keyword(s):

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Penaeus Monodon ◽

Penaeid Shrimp ◽

Case Definition ◽

Pacific White Shrimp ◽

Shrimp Farming ◽

White Shrimp ◽

The Pacific

White feces syndrome (WFS) is an emerging problem for penaeid shrimp farming industries in South East Asia countries. Outbreaks began in cultivated shrimp Penaeus (Penaeus) monodon, and Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei and spread progressively worldwide, although the disease's cause was unknown. In 2011 a case definition for AHPND (as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis diseases) and white fecal syndrome (WFS) were reported. The presence of white feces floating on water and clinical symptoms include pale empty gut region, reduced growth, movable shell, and black discoloration. The pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, with the major shrimp cultivable species globally, is currently in danger by a severe disease- WFS, which causes serious losses worldwide. It has been confirmed that the causative agent of WFS/AHPND is a bacterium that is a pathogen - probably Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This bacterium currently reported has acquired plasmids that encode lethal binary toxins PirA/PirB causing rapid death of infected shrimp. Additionally, this plasmid acquired some virulence factor which is directly related to pathogenicity. Further rapid diagnostic tests for early detection of WFS/AHPND pathogens will promote the production of hatchery and pond maintenance and contribute to the long-term explication of the disease's various aspects.

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Effects of the substitution of fishmeal with mealworm meal on enzymes, haemolymph and intestinal microbiota of the Pacific white shrimp

Journal of Insects as Food and Feed ◽

10.3920/jiff2020.0148 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

C. Rios ◽

R.L. Panini ◽

L.A. Acordi Menezes ◽

F.N. Vieira ◽

D.M. Fracalossi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Pacific White Shrimp ◽

Shrimp Farming ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Bacterial Microbiota ◽

The Pacific ◽

Proteolytic Activities ◽

Cultivated Species ◽

Dietary Treatments

Shrimp farming is one profitable sector of aquaculture and the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is the most cultivated species worldwide. Nutrition is considered as one of the greatest challenges in shrimp farming due to its dependence on fishmeal (FM) as an ingredient in the feed. The main goal of the present work was to analyse if the substitution of FM by yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) meal (TM) influences digestive enzyme expression, haemolymph parameters or the intestinal microbiota of shrimp juveniles. Shrimps (average initial weight 4.42±0.02 g) were fed five experimental diets where FM protein was gradually substituted by TM protein (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). The shrimps were fed four times per day with an amount equivalent to approximately 6% of their biomass for 42 days. The total haemocyte count, protein concentration and prophenoloxidase activity in the haemolymph were not significantly altered (P>0.05) when FM was substituted by TM. However, the agglutinating activity of shrimp serum determined against dog erythrocytes was higher in the shrimp group fed 25% TM. The absolute and specific activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, α-amylase and the patterns of proteolytic activities were not affected by the dietary treatments. The shrimp gut bacterial microbiota profile was similar with the genera Pseudoalteromonas, Rubritalea, Ruegeria, Tenacibaculum, and Vibrio detected. These results show that TM is viable alternative for the replacement of FM, without any deleterious effects on expression of key digestive enzymes, gut microbiota or the immune system of the Pacific white shrimp.

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