Effects of the substitution of fishmeal with mealworm meal on enzymes, haemolymph and intestinal microbiota of the Pacific white shrimp

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
C. Rios ◽  
R.L. Panini ◽  
L.A. Acordi Menezes ◽  
F.N. Vieira ◽  
D.M. Fracalossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Proteolytic Activities ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Shrimp farming is one profitable sector of aquaculture and the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is the most cultivated species worldwide. Nutrition is considered as one of the greatest challenges in shrimp farming due to its dependence on fishmeal (FM) as an ingredient in the feed. The main goal of the present work was to analyse if the substitution of FM by yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) meal (TM) influences digestive enzyme expression, haemolymph parameters or the intestinal microbiota of shrimp juveniles. Shrimps (average initial weight 4.42±0.02 g) were fed five experimental diets where FM protein was gradually substituted by TM protein (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). The shrimps were fed four times per day with an amount equivalent to approximately 6% of their biomass for 42 days. The total haemocyte count, protein concentration and prophenoloxidase activity in the haemolymph were not significantly altered (P>0.05) when FM was substituted by TM. However, the agglutinating activity of shrimp serum determined against dog erythrocytes was higher in the shrimp group fed 25% TM. The absolute and specific activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, α-amylase and the patterns of proteolytic activities were not affected by the dietary treatments. The shrimp gut bacterial microbiota profile was similar with the genera Pseudoalteromonas, Rubritalea, Ruegeria, Tenacibaculum, and Vibrio detected. These results show that TM is viable alternative for the replacement of FM, without any deleterious effects on expression of key digestive enzymes, gut microbiota or the immune system of the Pacific white shrimp.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Dietary Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal (Hermetia illucens) on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Disease Resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus of the Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongkang Chen ◽  
Shuyan Chi ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Xiaohui Dong ◽  
Qihui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae

The present study evaluated the effects of the dietary black soldier fly larvae meal (BSF) on growth performance, intestinal health, and susceptibility to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The basal diet was formulated to contain 25% fish meal (FM), and then the FM was replaced with BSF for 10, 20, and 30% of the FM protein in the experimental diets, which are referred to as FM, BSF10, BSF20, and BSF30, respectively. Four hundred and eighty healthy and uniform-sized shrimp (~0.88 g) were distributed among four groups of three replicates, each with 40 shrimp in a 300-L tank and they were fed four times daily for 7 weeks. The results showed that the growth performance did not change significantly in shrimp fed with BSF10 and BSF20 diets, but significantly decreased in those fed with BSF30 diet compared to the ones fed with FM diet. After feeding trial and sampling, a V. parahaemolyticus infection challenge trial was conducted on shrimp. The results showed that the survival rate of shrimp fed with BSF10 was significantly higher than those fed with FM. The results of the midgut histology showed that the width and height of intestinal mucosal folds decreased significantly in shrimp fed with BSF20 and BSF30, and the early signs of apoptosis in the intestinal cells were found in shrimp fed with BSF30. The mRNA levels of non-specific immune-related genes dorsal and relish were downregulated in shrimp fed with BSF20 and BSF30 diets. The mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides–related genes alf (anti-lipopolysaccharide factor) were upregulated in shrimp fed with BSF10 but downregulated in shrimp fed with BSF30. The mRNA level pen3 (penaeidins 3) was upregulated in shrimp fed with BSF10 and BSF20 diets. The intestinal bacterial communities on operational taxonomic unit levels among groups were not significantly differentiated according to the beta diversity analysis. At the genus levels, a decrease in Vibrio, Photobacterium, and Candidatus_Bacilloplasma, as well as the increase in Bacillus and Pseudoalteromonas abundance, indicated the improvement of intestinal microbiota in shrimp fed with dietary BSF. Therefore, the use of BSF in shrimp diet should be controlled at a dosage of 20% of the FM, which can improve the intestinal microbiota without causing any negative effects.

scholarly journals Acute Hepatopancreases Necrosis Diseases (AHPND) as Challenging Threat in Shrimp

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 978-991
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
The Pacific

White feces syndrome (WFS) is an emerging problem for penaeid shrimp farming industries in South East Asia countries. Outbreaks began in cultivated shrimp Penaeus (Penaeus) monodon, and Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei and spread progressively worldwide, although the disease's cause was unknown. In 2011 a case definition for AHPND (as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis diseases) and white fecal syndrome (WFS) were reported. The presence of white feces floating on water and clinical symptoms include pale empty gut region, reduced growth, movable shell, and black discoloration. The pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, with the major shrimp cultivable species globally, is currently in danger by a severe disease- WFS, which causes serious losses worldwide. It has been confirmed that the causative agent of WFS/AHPND is a bacterium that is a pathogen - probably Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This bacterium currently reported has acquired plasmids that encode lethal binary toxins PirA/PirB causing rapid death of infected shrimp. Additionally, this plasmid acquired some virulence factor which is directly related to pathogenicity. Further rapid diagnostic tests for early detection of WFS/AHPND pathogens will promote the production of hatchery and pond maintenance and contribute to the long-term explication of the disease's various aspects.

scholarly journals Single-Cell Ribonucleic Acid Sequencing Clarifies Cold Tolerance Mechanisms in the Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei)

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilin Zhu ◽  
Chunling Yang ◽  
Xiuli Chen ◽  
Qingyun Liu ◽  
Qiangyong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
The Pacific

To characterize the cold tolerance mechanism of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of ∼5185 hepatopancreas cells from cold-tolerant (Lv-T) and common (Lv-C) L. vannamei at preferred and low temperatures (28°C and 10°C, respectively). The cells fell into 10 clusters and 4 cell types: embryonic, resorptive, blister-like, and fibrillar. We identified differentially expressed genes between Lv-T and Lv-C, which were mainly associated with the terms “immune system,” “cytoskeleton,” “antioxidant system,” “digestive enzyme,” and “detoxification,” as well as the pathways “metabolic pathways of oxidative phosphorylation,” “metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450,” “chemical carcinogenesis,” “drug metabolism-cytochrome P450,” and “fatty acid metabolism.” Reconstruction of fibrillar cell trajectories showed that, under low temperature stress, hepatopancreas cells had two distinct fates, cell fate 1 and cell fate 2. Cell fate 1 was mainly involved in signal transduction and sensory organ development. Cell fate 2 was mainly involved in metabolic processes. This study preliminarily clarifies the molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance in L. vannamei, which will be useful for the breeding of shrimp with greater cold tolerance.

scholarly journals Composition, diversity and function of intestinal microbiota in pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) at different culture stages

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenzheng Zeng ◽  
Zhijian Huang ◽  
Dongwei Hou ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Shaoping Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Unit ◽  
World Market ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Recombination Proteins ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Function

Intestinal microbiota is an integral component of the host and plays important roles in host health. The pacific white shrimp is one of the most profitable aquaculture species commercialized in the world market with the largest production in shrimp consumption. Many studies revealed that the intestinal microbiota shifted significantly during host development in other aquaculture animals. In the present study, 22 shrimp samples were collected every 15 days from larval stage (15 day post-hatching, dph) to adult stage (75 dph) to investigate the intestinal microbiota at different culture stages by targeting the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene, and the microbial function prediction was conducted by PICRUSt. The operational taxonomic unit (OTU) was assigned at 97% sequence identity. A total of 2,496 OTUs were obtained, ranging from 585 to 1,239 in each sample. Forty-three phyla were identified due to the classifiable sequence. The most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Tenericutes, Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi. OTUs belonged to 289 genera and the most abundant genera were Candidatus_Xiphinematobacter, Propionigenium, Synechococcus, Shewanella and Cetobacterium. Fifty-nine OTUs were detected in all samples, which were considered as the major microbes in intestine of shrimp. The intestinal microbiota was enriched with functional potentials that were related to transporters, ABC transporters, DNA repair and recombination proteins, two component system, secretion system, bacterial motility proteins, purine metabolism and ribosome. All the results showed that the intestinal microbial composition, diversity and functions varied significantly at different culture stages, which indicated that shrimp intestinal microbiota depended on culture stages. These findings provided new evidence on intestinal microorganism microecology and greatly enhanced our understanding of stage-specific community in the shrimp intestinal ecosystem.

White faeces disease and abundance of bacteria and phytoplankton in intensive pacific white shrimp farming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Iqbal Kurniawinata ◽  
Sukenda Sukenda ◽  
Dinamella Wahjuningrum ◽  
Widanarni Widanarni ◽  
Dendi Hidayatullah
Keyword(s):  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
White Shrimp
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