scholarly journals Multivariate analysis of morphological and anatomical characters ofCalophyllum(Calophyllaceae) in South America

2013 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilys M. Vela Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Anatomical Characters

scholarly journals Vegetative and Leaf Anatomical Traits for Taxonomic Delimitation of Salacia L. In Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-439
Author(s):  
WINS Senevirathne ◽  
PI Hettiarachchi ◽  
DMD Yakandawala
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Vegetative Characters

Salacia comprises 200 species throughout the tropical countries. In Sri Lanka, five species of this genus S. chinensis, S. diandra, S. oblonga, S. reticulata and S. acuminatissima are recorded that are considered as the synonyms under S. diandra by Wadhwa in 1996 during the revision of genus. These species are very much similar in vegetative morphology and their flowering is irregular and rare. Due to these reasons, their proper identification and determination are difficult and identification of new combinations of taxonomic characters is necessary. A multivariate analysis was conducted for 98 distinct populations using 20 vegetative and 43 leaf anatomical characters including PCA, PCO, CA, SIMPER and correlation analysis. The results support the recognition of four phenetic groups, which corresponds to species S. chinensis, S. reticulata, S. oblonga and S. diandra. S. acuminatissima that was recognized by Kostermans (1992) was not supported by the analysis and formed a cluster together with S. diandra with no support as a separate cluster. The study failed to recognize any distinct vegetative characters to define these taxa but propose a combination of vegetative or leaf anatomical characters and also highlights the necessity of molecular data to supplement the vegetative and leaf anatomical data to resolve the ambiguity between the S. acuminatissima and S. diandra. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(2): 429-439, 2021 (December)

scholarly journals First report of Duchesnea indica f. albocaput (Rosaceae) in Northwestern Argentina.

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Mario A. Debes ◽  
Ingrid G. Orce ◽  
Ana C. Luque ◽  
Ana C. Luque ◽  
Juan C. Díaz-Ricci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Northwestern Argentina ◽  
Green House ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Wild Strawberry ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
First Time

: The genus Duchesnea includes two species originally from India: D. indica and D. chrysantha. In Northwestern Argentina the monitoring of wild strawberry-like species was carried out; during 2002- 2016, many populations of D. indica and none of D. chrysantha were discovered. Red- and white-fruited plants of D. indica were collected from disturbed areas and ex situ conserved in green-house and in nursery conditions. Were also consulted materials from different national and international herbaria, and we only found reports of D. indica with red fruit for Argentina. In the present work, we report for the first time the presence of D. indica f. albocaput in Argentina and South America, cohabiting with populations of D. indica f. indica in the underwoods of Tucumán. This finding broadens the distribution range of D. indica f. albocaput, cited as endemic to Japan by Naruhashi 1992. The morphological and anatomical characters of the two botanical forms of D. indica (red fruit genotypes and white fruit genotypes) are also presented: fruit color, number of leaflets, and crystal form

scholarly journals Gymnosperms from the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation (Brazil). II. Cheirolepidiaceae

Fossil Record ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kunzmann ◽  
B. A. R. Mohr ◽  
M. E. C. Bernardes-de-Oliveira ◽  
V. Wilde
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Good Preservation ◽  
Anatomical Characters

Abstract. Conifers are common in the Early Cretaceous Crato flora. Sterile foliage shoots of several morphotypes occur. Good preservation of several of these specimens allows detailed morphological and anatomical studies. Based on these characters, two taxa of Cheirolepidiaceae, Tomaxellia biforme and Frenelopsis sp., are identified. The palaeogeographic distribution of the genus Tomaxellia currently extends from southern South America northwards to the palaeoequatorial region. The morphological and anatomical characters of both taxa might be interpreted as adaptations to a warm and temporarily dry palaeoclimate, however their habitat can not be reconstructed yet, due to scarcity of the remains. Koniferen stellen eine wesentliche Komponente der unterkretazischen Crato-Flora dar. Es kommen sterile beblätterte Zweige verschiedener Morphotypen vor. Die gute Erhaltung einiger dieser Fossilreste lässt detaillierte morphologisch-anatomische Untersuchungen zu. Auf der Basis solcher Merkmale wurden zwei Taxa der Cheirolepidiaceae, Tomaxellia biforme und Frenelopsis sp., identifiziert. Das Areal der Gattung Tomaxellia wird damit vom südlichen Südamerika nordwärts, in die paläoäquatoriale Region erweitert. Morphologische und anatomische Merkmale beider Taxa können als Anpassungserscheinungen an ein warmes und periodisch trockenes Paläoklima interpretiert werden. Auf Grund des seltenen Vorkommens solcher Fossilreste können noch keine Angaben zu ihrem ehemaligen Habitat gemacht werden. doi:10.1002/mmng.200600009

Morphometric study of three closely related South American species of Hordeum section Stenostachys (Poaceae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard R. Baum ◽  
L. Grant Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Species Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
South American ◽  
Morphological Investigation ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Southern South America

This study investigates the morphologically distinguishable characteristics of Hordeum santacrucense Parodi et Nicora and Hordeum setifolium Parodi et Nicora, two recently described species from southern South America that are very similar morphologically, and Hordeum patagonicum (Hauman) Covas, also from southern South America and morphologically similar to the above two species. The three entities have not been kept at the species level by some authors. This paper provides the results of a morphological investigation as justification for their retention at the specific level. The character lemma backs pubescent in about half lower part distinguishes H. patagonicum from the other two; the character lodicules glabrous, or with one or two cilia distinguishes H. setifolium from H. santacrucense with ciliate lodicule margins. Key words: South American Hordeum, multivariate analysis, lodicules, taxonomy.

A new monotypic genus and new species of lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Coccinellini) from western South America

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4712 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-422
Author(s):  
NATALIA J. VANDENBERG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Anatomical Characters

A new monotypic genus Argosadalia gen. nov. and new species A. priscilla sp. nov. are described from the forests of Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru. The new taxon is placed in the tribe Coccinellini in a group informally designated as the “Neda-group,” and comprising the genera Neda Mulsant; Mononeda Crotch; Neoharmonia Crotch and Argosadalia. Key morphological and anatomical characters of the new taxa are described and illustrated and the character states that define the Neda-group are reviewed. 

A Classification of the Genera and Higher Taxa of the Meloid Subfamily Eleticinae (Coleoptera)

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Selander
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Primitive Group ◽  
Sahara Desert ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Oriental Region ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
New Synonymy

AbstractThe Eleticinae are an archaic and in many respects primitive group of Meloidae found in South America (widespread), Africa (south of the Sahara Desert), and the Oriental Region (India to Thailand). They are, in general, poorly represented in collections, and very little is known definitely of their bionomics. On the basis of an analysis of adult anatomical characters the subfamily is defined in detail and is classified to the generic level in the present paper. Two tribes, seven subtribes, and 10 genera are recognized, keyed, and diagnosed. The tribe Spasticini is arranged as follows: Protomeloina Abdullah, transferred from the Meloinae and reduced to subtribal rank, with Protomeloe Abdullah; Spasticina Kaszab with Spastica Lacordaire; Xenospastina, new subtribe, with Xenospasta, new genus; and Anthicoxenina, new subtribe, with Anthicoxenus Fairmaire and Germain, formerly placed in the Anthicidae, and Iselma Haag-Rutenberg. The arrangement of the tribe Eleticini is: Eospastina, new subtribe, with Eospasta, new genus, and Serrospasta, new genus; Eleticina Wellman with Eletica Lacordaire (and including, as subgenera, Sibuteletica Pic, Meteletica Kaszab, and Proeletica Kaszab); and Ertlianina, new name for Ertliini Kaszab, with Ertliana Selander (= Steniselma Borchmann, new synonymy) and Ceriselma Borchmann, the latter elevated from subgeneric rank in Iselma. Species described as new are Protomeloe simplex (Argentina), Spastica minas (Brazil), Xenospasta flava (Colombia), and Serrospasta vittata (Colombia).

scholarly journals MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF THE STEM ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS OF TERMINALIA L. (COMBRETACEAE) IN EGYPT

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-387
Author(s):  
Nahed Waly ◽  
Heba Moustafa ◽  
Rim Hamdy ◽  
Ashraf Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
Minor Characters ◽  
Fiber Wall ◽  
Anatomical Characters

A comparative investigation of the anatomical characters through a microscopical examination of the prepared transverse sections of the stem was carried out. Six plates with 32 photomicrographs were provided to convincingly show the considerable variations of anatomical characters within the nine examined species. The matrix of 18 anatomical characters which included nine quantitative and nine qualitative was applied for the clustering analysis (CA) followed by the principal component analysis (PCA) using the Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data, PC-ORD. The results exhibited significant variations among the species resulting in the construction of an artificial key; this key accurately represents a sufficient tool to display the considerable variation among the recognized species prominently. The distinction between Terminalia L., 1767 species based on significant variations in the elements of stem anatomy; axial parenchyma and ray characteristics were considered as important parameters, while vessel diameter, fiber wall thickness, etc. were considered minor characters to differentiate between the studied species. The potential usefulness of the differentiation of these species properly maintains a profound efficiency in pharmaceutical and traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Eumitrioid Usnea species (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in tropical South America and the Galapagos

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille TRUONG ◽  
Philippe CLERC
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Thickness Ratio ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Central Axis ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Tropical South America

AbstractEumitrioid Usnea species are characterized by a tubular central axis throughout the entire thallus. Four species were identified in South America: Usnea baileyi is a (sub-) tropical species occurring both in continental South America and the Galapagos; U. perplectata has a scattered distribution worldwide and occurs in continental South America, mainly on the eastern range; U. flaveola and the newly described species U. subflaveola are both so far endemic to the Neotropical Andes. Distinct chemotypes, as well as anatomical characters, such as the thickness ratio of the medulla or the presence of medullar pigmentation, are diagnostic in delimiting these species. A detailed description of the species is provided together with an identification key.

Statistical analysis of classification

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
T. J. Deeming
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Amount Of Information

If we make a set of measurements, such as narrow-band or multicolour photo-electric measurements, which are designed to improve a scheme of classification, and in particular if they are designed to extend the number of dimensions of classification, i.e. the number of classification parameters, then some important problems of analytical procedure arise. First, it is important not to reproduce the errors of the classification scheme which we are trying to improve. Second, when trying to extend the number of dimensions of classification we have little or nothing with which to test the validity of the new parameters.Problems similar to these have occurred in other areas of scientific research (notably psychology and education) and the branch of Statistics called Multivariate Analysis has been developed to deal with them. The techniques of this subject are largely unknown to astronomers, but, if carefully applied, they should at the very least ensure that the astronomer gets the maximum amount of information out of his data and does not waste his time looking for information which is not there. More optimistically, these techniques are potentially capable of indicating the number of classification parameters necessary and giving specific formulas for computing them, as well as pinpointing those particular measurements which are most crucial for determining the classification parameters.

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