scholarly journals Child Effects on Parental Negativity: The Role of Heritable and Prenatal Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Linying Ji ◽  
Sy‐Miin Chow ◽  
Boyoung Kang ◽  
Leslie D. Leve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Effects ◽  
Prenatal Factors

THE ROLE OF GENETICS AND OTHER PRENATAL FACTORS IN DISORDERS OF CHILDHOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-317
Author(s):  
Josef Warkany ◽  
F. C. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Gene Pair ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Round Table ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Prenatal Factors ◽  
Biochemical Factor ◽  
Hereditary Factors

THE PHYSICIAN interested in the etiology of a disease should always try to ascertain as many etiologic factors as possible, because the causal pathogenic web can often be disturbed from different angles. Although hereditary factors will be the main topic of this round table, we shall stress that they never act in a vacuum. The genes direct the development of the embryo and fetus, but the development depends also upon an environment limited by the mother's body and surroundings. Certain terms are fundamental to an understanding of heredity: Chromosomes. The nuclear carriers of the hereditary factors, the genes. Each nucleated somatic cell of a person's body has 24 pairs of chromosomes, each pair carrying hundreds of genes. One member of each pair is derived from the person's mother and one from the father. In the female there are 23 pairs of autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) and 1 pair of like sex chromosomes (X-chromosomes). In the male there are 23 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of unlike sex chromosomes (one X and one Y-chromosome). Gene. The particulate biochemical factor responsible for a particular hereditary characteristic. As the genes are carried on the chromosomes, they also occur in pairs. Each pair occupies a particular locus on the chromosomes. Genes located at the same locus are termed alleles. A child gets 1 member of each gene pair from each parent. Sometimes by the rare event of mutation, a gene becomes changed into one that may function abnormally—a "pathologic" gene. Homozygote. An individual in whom the gene pair in question consists of 2 like genes. Heterozygote. An individual in whom the gene pair in question consists of unlike genes. Depending upon the type (dominant or recessive) and location (autosome or sex chromosome) of the gene, several types of inheritance patterns are possible.

scholarly journals Overweight at age two years in a multi-ethnic cohort (ABCD study): the role of prenatal factors, birth outcomes and postnatal factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke LA de Hoog ◽  
Manon van Eijsden ◽  
Karien Stronks ◽  
Reinoud JBJ Gemke ◽  
Tanja GM Vrijkotte
Keyword(s):  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Prenatal Factors ◽  
Postnatal Factors

scholarly journals EXAMINING THE “ELSAGATE” PHENOMENON: DISTURBING CHILDREN’S YOUTUBE CONTENT AND NEW FRONTIERS IN CHILDREN’S CULTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Balanzategui
Keyword(s):  
Genre Studies ◽  
Child Effects ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
Children’S Agency ◽  
Children's Culture ◽  
Cultural Anxieties ◽  
Adult Culture ◽  
Media Practices ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates new genres of children's content on YouTube that have provoked potent cultural anxieties about the role of YouTube in children's culture, and have raised concerns about the apparent wealth of content targeted at children on the platform that is not child-appropriate. The paper examines the journalistic commentary that constitutes the "Elsagate" phenomenon - the neologism used to describe public revelations about the controversy - and conducts a genre studies textual analysis of the YouTube content consistently referenced in this commentary. This analysis aims to illuminate the relationship between the textual features of disturbing children's YouTube content and the cultural anxieties these features have incited. The paper contends that the child-oriented YouTube genres at the centre of the Elsagate controversy re-position extant cultural boundaries of child-appropriate content – boundaries which in some cases have long been enshrined in policy and standards guidelines – in ways that trouble ingrained ideological distinctions between child and adult culture. The paper illustrates how disturbing children’s YouTube content interrupts traditional power balances and interplays between media industries, parental mediation strategies, and “child-effects”: young children’s agency over their own consumption choices and influence on parental media practices (Bulck et al, 2016).  

The Complex Role of Utterance Length on Grammaticality: Multivariate Multilevel Analysis of English and Spanish Utterances of First-Grade English Learners

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Anny Castilla-Earls ◽  
David J. Francis ◽  
Aquiles Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
English Learners ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
First Graders ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Mixed Linear Models ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Child Effects ◽  
Utterance Length ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between utterance length, syntactic complexity, and the probability of making an error at the utterance level. Method: The participants in this study included 830 Spanish-speaking first graders who were learning English at school. Story retells in both Spanish and English were collected from all children. Generalized mixed linear models were used to examine within-child and between-children effects of utterance length and subordination on the probability of making an error at the utterance level. Results: The relationship between utterance length and grammaticality was found to differ by error type (omission vs. commission), language (Spanish vs. English), and level of analysis (within-child vs. between-children). For errors of commission, the probability of making an error increased as a child produced utterances that were longer relative to their average utterance length (within-child effect). Contrastively, for errors of omission, the probability of making an error decreased when a child produced utterances that were longer relative to their average utterance length (within-child effect). In English, a child who produced utterances that were, on average, longer than the average utterance length for all children produced more errors of commission and fewer errors of omission (between-children effect). This between-children effect was similar in Spanish for errors of commission but nonsignificant for errors of omission. For both error types, the within-child effects of utterance length were moderated by the use of subordination. Conclusion: The relationship between utterance length and grammaticality is complex and varies by error type, language, and whether the frame of reference is the child's own language (within-child effect) or the language of other children (between-children effect). Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17035916

The changing pattern of infant mortality in the US: The role of prenatal factors and their obstetrical implications

1993 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Luke ◽  
C. Williams ◽  
J. Minogue ◽  
L. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Prenatal Factors ◽  
The Us

Role of Prenatal Factors in Development and Diseases Elucidated by Prospective and Longitudinal Studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Preben Plum ◽  
Carl-Eric Räihä ◽  
Lars Ström
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Prenatal Factors

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

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