Cognitive and Educational Interventions for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Affected by HIV/AIDS: A Meta‐Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Thomas ◽  
Yusra Ahmed ◽  
Mei Tan ◽  
Elena L. Grigorenko
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Orphans And Vulnerable Children ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Affected by HIV/AIDS Worldwide

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 853-866
Author(s):  
Tina Thomas ◽  
Mei Tan ◽  
Yusra Ahmed ◽  
Elena L Grigorenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Orphans And Vulnerable Children ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Worldwide, there are more than 13.3 million orphans and vulnerable children affected by Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (HIV OVC), defined as individuals below the age of 18 who have lost one or both parents to HIV/AIDS or have been made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS; they are at risk for negative psychosocial and cognitive outcomes. Purpose This meta-analysis aimed to examine the scientific literature on available interventions for HIV OVC, with a focus on community-based interventions (CBI). Methods Systematic electronic searches were conducted from four databases between October 2016 and April 2017 to identify articles investigating the effectiveness of interventions for HIV OVC. Effect sizes were calculated for each article which provided enough information and data points for analyses. Results Seventy-four articles were reviewed, including psychosocial interventions (d = 0.30), cognitive interventions (d = 0.14), social protection interventions (d = 0.36), and community-based interventions (CBI; d = 0.36). Study-specific effect sizes varied widely, ranging from −1.09 to 2.26, that is, from a negative effect to an impressively large positive one, but the majority of studies registered small to medium effects (the overall effect size for all studies was 0.32, SE = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.26–0.37). Social protection interventions had the highest positive outcomes whereas CBI tended to have the fewest significant positive outcomes, with some outcomes worsening instead of improving. Conclusions Overall, interventions provided to OVC have potential for improving cognitive, psychosocial, and risk-behavior outcomes. Social protection interventions and CBI had the highest effect sizes, but CBI had positive effects on fewer outcomes and demonstrated some negative effects. CBI warrant scrutiny for improvement, as they represent an important form of culturally embedded services with potentially long-term benefits to OVC, yet appear to be differentially effective. Successful components of other types of intervention were identified, including cash grants, mentorship, and family therapy. In addition, more research is needed that attends to which interventions may be more effective for specific populations, or that studies cost-effectiveness.

scholarly journals The Burden of Orphans and Vulnerable Children Due to HIV/AIDS in Cameroon

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson S Nsagha ◽  
Anne-Cécile ZK Bissek ◽  
Sarah M Nsagha ◽  
Jules-Clement N Assob ◽  
Henri-Lucien F Kamga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Integrated Care ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Orphans And Vulnerable Children ◽  
Aids Orphans ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS is a major public health problem in Cameroon and Africa, and the challenges of orphans and vulnerable children are a threat to child survival, growth and development. The HIV prevalence in Cameroon was estimated at 5.1% in 2010. The objective of this study was to assess the burden of orphans and vulnerable children due to HIV/AIDS in Cameroon. A structured search to identify publications on orphans and other children made vulnerable by AIDS was carried out. A traditional literature search on google, PubMed and Medline using the keywords: orphans, vulnerable children, HIV/AIDS and Cameroon was conducted to identify potential AIDS orphans publications, we included papers on HIV prevalence in Cameroon, institutional versus integrated care of orphans, burden of children orphaned by AIDS and projections, impact of AIDS orphans on Cameroon, AIDS orphans assisted through the integrated care approach, and comparism of the policies of orphans care in the central African sub-region. We also used our participatory approach working experience with traditional rulers, administrative authorities and health stakeholders in Yaounde I and Yaounde VI Councils, Nanga Eboko Health District, Isangelle and Ekondo Titi Health Areas, Bafaka-Balue, PLAN Cameroon, the Pan African Institute for Development-West Africa, Save the orphans Foundation, Ministry of Social Affairs, and the Ministry of Public Health. Results show that only 9% of all OVC in Cameroon are given any form of support. AIDS death continue to rise in Cameroon. In 1995, 7,900 people died from AIDS in the country; and the annual number rose to 25,000 in 2000. Out of 1,200,000 orphans and vulnerable children in Cameroon in 2010, 300,000(25%) were AIDS orphans. Orphans and the number of children orphaned by AIDS has increased dramatically from 13,000 in 1995 to 304,000 in 2010. By 2020, this number is projected to rise to 350,000. These deaths profoundly affect families, which often are split up and left without any means of support. Similarly, the death of many people in their prime working years hamper the economy. Businesses are adversely affected due to the need to recruit and train new staff. Health and social service systems suffer from the loss of health workers, teachers, and other skilled workers. OVC due to HIV/AIDS are a major public health problem in Cameroon as the HIV prevalence continues its relentless increase with 141 new infections per day. In partnership with the Ministry of Social Affairs and other development organizations, the Ministry of Public Health has been striving hard to provide for the educational and medical needs of the OVC, vocational training for the out-of- school OVC and income generating activities for foster families and families headed by children. A continous multi-sectorial approach headed by the government to solve the problem of OVC due to AIDS is very important. In line with the foregoing, recommendations are proposed for the way forward.

scholarly journals Care and Support Programmes for Orphans and Vulnerable Children: Achievements and Implications of HIV/AIDS Funded Project in Osun State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 195-213
Author(s):  
Adebola A. Adejimi ◽  
Ajibola Olagunoye ◽  
Adeyemi Amuda ◽  
Olubukola Alawale ◽  
Oluwatoyin Adeola-Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Orphans And Vulnerable Children ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Support Programmes ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Child Maltreatment and associated Sociodemographic factors among Children affected by HIV/AIDS in Ghana: A Multi-Informant Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Narh Doku
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orphans And Vulnerable Children ◽  
Systemic Risks ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Child maltreatment and its consequences are considered a major public health concern among children because they can cause significant physical and psychological problems. Child maltreatment is widespread but often underestimated. Surprisingly, there is hardly any data on the frequency of child maltreatment in general and particularly on orphans and vulnerable children in low-income countries. Method: This study employed cross-sectional, quantitative survey that involved 291 children aged 10–17 years in Lower Manya Krobo District, Ghana and examined their exposure to and experience of child maltreatment. The survey also examined parents/caregivers’ exposure and perpetuation of child maltreatment. Results: Some form of maltreatment within the household was reported by approximately 90% of children, and it was significantly higher among orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) as compared with comparison children. Children living with HIV/AIDS-infected parents and orphans of any type reported higher exposure to domestic violence and experienced significantly more neglect, psychological and physical abuse than the comparison children. Conclusion: The results of this survey demonstrate that maltreatment among children affected by HIV/AIDS are not rare, and that the dysfunction family conditions that they find themselves bear systemic risks for maltreatment. It is important that culturally appropriate and evidence-based interventions are implemented to address the maltreatment.

scholarly journals Challenges faced by households in caring for orphans and vulnerable children

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Orphans And Vulnerable Children ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Nelson Mandela ◽  
To Come ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Hiv Aids

South Africa has seen a rapid increase in HIV prevalence among the general population over the past ten years, from less than 1 percent in 1990 to 20 percent in 2001. As the HIV/AIDS epidemic increases, so do the number of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). In 2002, an estimated five million people were living with HIV/AIDS. Because of the average 10-year period between infection and death, even if HIV prevalence declined rapidly, South Africa would still experience an increasing orphan burden for many years to come. By 2010, 16 percent of all children in South Africa will be orphans with more than 70 percent due to AIDS. The Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund initiated the Goelama Project, which uses a community mobilization strategy to catalyze action by local organizations and government bodies to prevent HIV infection and mitigate the socioeconomic impacts of the disease, particularly as they affect OVC. This brief highlights key findings from a study of 29,000 members of nearly 5,000 households in eight study sites to identify ways that government and communities can strengthen the socioeconomic capacity of households to care for and support OVC.

scholarly journals A Public Health Model and Framework to Mitigate the Impact of Orphans and Vulnerable Children Due to HIV/AIDS in Cameroon

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Shey Nsagha ◽  
Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin ◽  
Jules Clement Nguedia Assob ◽  
Anna Longdoh Njundah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Orphans And Vulnerable Children ◽  
Public Health Model ◽  
Health Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Needs and challenges of lay community health workers in a palliative care environment for orphans and vulnerable children

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonita Bernice Visagie ◽  
Jace Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Care Environment ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Orphans And Vulnerable Children ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: The escalation of HIV/AIDS infections in the last decade has increased the need for palliative care community organizations to care for orphans and vulnerable children, who are in dire need of support. Many of these organizations depend on the services of lay community health workers to provide constant care to those in need of it in their local communities. The focus of this study is to explore the role of lay health workers in a community organization located in rural Bronkhorstspruit, Gauteng Province of South Africa. That provides palliative care for orphans and vulnerable children diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. Their roles were analysed critically through a job-demands and job-resources theoretical framework.Methods: A descriptive phenomenological case study design was employed to collect data through twenty five individual interviews, two separate focus groups consisting of ten participants in one group and eleven participants in the other group, observations and document analysis. Data were processed through a rigorous thematic analysis.Results: The findings pointed out specific knowledge and skills these lay community health workers needed in order to be satisfied with, and successful in, their administration of palliative care to orphans and vulnerable children. Participants identified the following organizational challenges that were deemed to be impacting negatively on their work experiences: the lack of career pathing processes; sufficient career guidance; and inadequate employment processes, such as staff retention, succession planning, and promotion.Conclusion: Through the findings, a framework for enhancing the work experiences of the lay community health workers was developed. The uniqueness of this framework is that the focus is on improving the work lives of the lay community health workers, who have serious skills-resourcing needs. There were specific concrete strategies that the organization could adopt to support the knowledge and skills requirements of the lay community health workers in relation to the needs and challenges that will enhance their efficiency in the palliative care environment. The findings and framework that emanated from this study could be used to support lay community health workers in their respective organizations to be more effective in the support they provide to orphans and vulnerable children. Because South Africa is afflicted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, this framework can be used in similar organizations that are working with lay community health workers with skill-resourcing needs not only in the health sector, but also in other sectors, such as in education and agriculture.

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