The influence of incidental detection of thyroid nodule on thyroid cancer risk and prognosis—A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Je Ern Chooi ◽  
Abiramie Ravindiran ◽  
Saba P. Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Risk

scholarly journals Approach to the Patient with a Cytologically Indeterminate Thyroid Nodule

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 4175-4182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik K. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Follicular Neoplasm ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Risk

Background: Fine-needle aspiration remains the primary diagnostic intervention for the evaluation of most thyroid nodules larger than 1–1.5 cm. Although most aspirates provide diagnostic cytology, approximately 15–25% will be classified indeterminate (often referred to as follicular neoplasm, suspicious for carcinoma, or atypical). In such cases, abnormal cellular findings preclude interpretation of benignity, although only a minority will prove cancerous upon final histopathology. Nonetheless, patients with indeterminate aspirates are commonly referred for consideration of hemi- or near-total thyroidectomy. Recently, improved understanding and novel investigation of clinical, radiological, cytological, and molecular factors has allowed improved stratification of cancer risk. Conclusion: Although surgery continues to be commonly recommended, strategies for such patients should increasingly seek to define treatment based on the estimation of an individual’s thyroid cancer risk in comparison with associated operative risk and morbidity. In doing so, the rate of unnecessary surgical procedures and associated complications can be reduced.

Thyroid Cancer Risk in Relation to Thyroid Nodule Location

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 394-396
Author(s):  
Erivelto Volpi ◽  
Antonio Rahal
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Risk

Diagnostic X-Ray Exposure and Thyroid Cancer Risk: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Thyroid ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Ah Han ◽  
Jin Hwa Kim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Risk

scholarly journals The Influence of Incidental Detection of Thyroid Nodule on Thyroid Cancer Risk and Prognosis - a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A871-A871
Author(s):  
Je Ern Chooi ◽  
Abiramie Ravindiran ◽  
Saba P Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Risk

Abstract Clinically unapparent thyroid nodules discovered serendipitously on imaging for non-thyroid indications are termed ‘thyroid incidentalomas’. The increase in the detection of these incidentalomas (which are known to be very common) has been attributed to the widespread use of diagnostic imaging and the increase in sensitivity and resolution of these modalities. It is unclear whether these incidentalomas have a lower prevalence of thyroid cancer or slower tumour progression compared to symptomatic thyroid nodules. This systematic review aimed to determine the risk of malignancy in incidentally detected thyroid nodules and its impact on prognosis in patients with thyroid cancer. PubMed and MEDLINE® on Web of Science databases were searched from inception to March 2020 for English language articles reporting on human studies of thyroid cancer risk and/or prognosis in incidental and non-incidental nodules. Quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Seventeen observational studies published between 1998 and 2018 were eligible for analysis; 4 studies reported on risk, 8 studies on prognosis and 5 studies on both risk and prognosis. In the risk review, the odds ratios calculated from the six case-control studies (3246 patients) ranged from 0.64 to 2.86 whilst the relative risks calculated from the three cohort studies (489 patients) ranged from 0.13 to 6.27. NOS score for included risk studies (n=9) ranged from 22.2% to 66.7%. A meta-analysis of the eligible case-control studies (n=3) showed a non-significant summated odds ratio of 1.04 (95% CI=0.63-1.70, p=0.88). In the prognosis review of thirteen studies, three direct and thirteen indirect markers of prognosis were compared between the incidental (1923 patients) and non-incidental (2639 patients) groups. NOS score for included prognosis studies ranged from 66.7% to 100%. Incidentally detected thyroid nodules were significantly more likely to be smaller, have lower rates of extra-thyroidal and extra-nodal extension and lymph node metastasis, and interestingly more likely to have advanced disease. Other indirect prognostic markers were not shown to be significantly different between the two groups. A meta-analysis was not possible but incidentally detected thyroid cancer had better progression-free and overall survival; this finding may be affected by ‘lead time’ bias. Current evidence suggests that the investigation and management of thyroid nodules should not be influenced by the mode of detection.

Radiotherapy for childhood cancer and subsequent thyroid cancer risk: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1139-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Lorenz ◽  
Peter Scholz-Kreisel ◽  
Dan Baaken ◽  
Roman Pokora ◽  
Maria Blettner
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Risk

scholarly journals The Influence of Patient Age on Thyroid Nodule Formation, Multinodularity, and Thyroid Cancer Risk

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 4434-4440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norra Kwong ◽  
Marco Medici ◽  
Trevor E. Angell ◽  
Xiaoyun Liu ◽  
Ellen Marqusee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Risk

Increased thyroid cancer risk in acromegaly

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selcuk Dagdelen ◽  
Nese Cinar ◽  
Tomris Erbas
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Risk

scholarly journals Fertility Drugs Associated with Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
QingAn Yu ◽  
XiaoYing Lv ◽  
KunPeng Liu ◽  
DaKun Ma ◽  
YaoHua Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Fertility Drugs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Risk

Associations have been demonstrated between fertility drugs and a variety of hormone-sensitive carcinomas. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between fertility drugs used in the treatment of female infertility and the risk of thyroid cancer. To investigate the clinical significance of fertility drugs used for the treatment of female infertility and the risk associated with thyroid cancer, we performed a literature search using PubMed, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, and EBSCOHOST for comparative studies published any time prior to July 21, 2017. The studies included women who were treated for infertility with fertility drugs, such as clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins, or other unspecified fertility agents, which reported the incidence of thyroid cancer as the main outcome. Eight studies were included in the meta-analyses. Among women with infertility, there was a significant positive association between thyroid cancer risk and the use of fertility drugs (relative risk [RR] = 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.64; P=0.002). Additionally, among women with infertility, the use of clomiphene citrate was associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer compared to women who did not use fertility drugs (RR = 1.45; 95% CI 1.12–1.88; P=0.005). After pooling results, we found that the parity status of infertile women using fertility drugs was not associated with thyroid cancer risk (RR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.61–1.58, P=0.95). In summary, clomiphene citrate (the most commonly used fertility drug) and other fertility drugs are associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer.

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