Intermittent and continuous energy restriction result in similar weight loss, weight loss maintenance, and body composition changes in a 6 month randomized pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia L. Steger ◽  
Joseph E. Donnelly ◽  
Holly R. Hull ◽  
Xinyang Li ◽  
Jinxiang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Continuous Energy ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
Composition Changes

scholarly journals Effects of Intermittent Compared With Continuous Energy Restriction on Blood Pressure Control in Overweight and Obese Patients With Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Jie He ◽  
Ye-Ping Fei ◽  
Chun-Yan Zhu ◽  
Ming Yao ◽  
Gang Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Control ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Continuous Energy ◽  
The Mean

Background and Aims: Weight-loss diets reduce body weight and improve blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. Intermittent energy restriction (IER) is an alternative to continuous energy restriction (CER) for weight reduction. We aimed to compare the effects of IER with those of CER on blood pressure control and weight loss in overweight and obese patients with hypertension during a 6-month period.Methods: Two hundred and five overweight or obese participants (BMI 28.7 kg/m2) with hypertension were randomized to IER (5:2 diet, a very-low-calorie diet for 2 days per week, 500 kcal/day for women and 600 kcal/day for men, along with 5 days of a habitual diet) compared to a moderate CER diet (1,000 kcal/day for women and 1,200 kcal/day for men) for 6 months. The primary outcomes of this study were changes in blood pressure and weight, and the secondary outcomes were changes in body composition, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and blood lipids.Results: Of the 205 randomized participants (118 women and 87 men; mean [SD] age, 50.2 [8.9] years; mean [SD] body mass index, 28.7 [2.6]; mean [SD] systolic blood pressure, 143 [10] mmHg; and mean [SD] diastolic blood pressure, 91 [9] mmHg), 173 completed the study. The intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated that IER and CER are equally effective for weight loss and blood pressure control: the mean (SEM) weight change with IER was −7.0 [0.6] kg vs. −6.8 [0.6] kg with CER, the mean (SEM) systolic blood pressure with IER was −7 [0.7] mmHg vs. −7 [0.6] mmHg with CER, and the mean (SEM) diastolic blood pressure with IER was −6 [0.5] mmHg vs. −5 [0.5] mmHg with CER, (diet by time P = 0.62, 0.39, and 0.41, respectively). There were favorable improvements in body composition, HbA1c, and blood lipid levels, with no differences between groups. Effects did not differ according to completer analysis. No severe hypoglycemia occurred in either group during the trial.Conclusions: Intermittent energy restriction is an effective alternative diet strategy for weight loss and blood pressure control and is comparable to CER in overweight and obese patients with hypertension.Clinical Trial Registration:http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier: ChiCTR2000040468.

scholarly journals Matched Weight Loss Through Intermittent or Continuous Energy Restriction Does Not Lead To Compensatory Increases in Appetite and Eating Behavior in a Randomized Controlled Trial in Women with Overweight and Obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Beaulieu ◽  
Nuno Casanova ◽  
Pauline Oustric ◽  
Jake Turicchi ◽  
Catherine Gibbons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Continuous Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACT Background Continuous energy restriction (CER) is purported to be problematic because of reductions in fat-free mass (FFM), compensatory motivation to overeat, and weakened satiety. Intermittent energy restriction (IER) is an alternative behavioral weight loss (WL) strategy that may mitigate some of these limitations. Objective The objective of the DIVA study was to compare the effects of CER and IER on appetite when the degree of WL (≥5%) is matched. Methods Women with overweight/obesity (BMI 25.0–34.9 kg/m2; age 18–55 y) were recruited for this controlled-feeding RCT via CER (25% daily energy restriction) or IER (alternating ad libitum and 75% energy restriction days). Probe days were conducted at baseline and post-intervention to assess body composition, ad libitum energy intake and subjective appetite in response to a fixed-energy breakfast, and eating behavior traits. After baseline measurements, participants were allocated to CER (n = 22) or IER (n = 24). Per protocol analyses (≥5% WL within 12 wk) were conducted with use of repeated measures ANOVA. Results Thirty of 37 completers reached ≥5% WL [CER (n = 18): 6.3 ± 0.8% in 57 ± 16 d, IER (n = 12): 6.6 ± 1.1% in 67 ± 13 d; % WL P = 0.43 and days P = 0.10]. Fat mass [−3.9 (95% CI: −4.3, −3.4) kg] and FFM [−1.3 (95% CI: −1.6, −1.0) kg] were reduced post-WL (P < 0.001), with no group differences. Self-selected meal size decreased post-WL in CER (P = 0.03) but not in IER (P = 0.19). Hunger AUC decreased post-WL (P < 0.05), with no group differences. Satiety quotient remained unchanged and was similar in both groups. Both interventions improved dietary restraint, craving control, susceptibility to hunger, and binge eating (P < 0.001). Conclusions Controlled ≥5% WL via CER or IER did not differentially affect changes in body composition, reductions in hunger, and improvements in eating behavior traits. This suggests that neither CER nor IER lead to compensatory adaptations in appetite in women with overweight/obesity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03447600.

Effects of intermittent compared to continuous energy restriction on short-term weight loss and long-term weight loss maintenance

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Keogh ◽  
E. Pedersen ◽  
K. S. Petersen ◽  
P. M. Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Continuous Energy

Intermittent Versus Continuous Energy Restriction for Weight Loss and Metabolic Improvement: A Meta‐Analysis and Systematic Review

Obesity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Shasha He ◽  
Jiao Wang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Jixiong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Continuous Energy

scholarly journals Correction to: The effect of moderate intermittent versus continuous energy restriction on body composition and resting metabolic rate in resistance-trained females: A randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelin R. Siedler ◽  
Eric T. Trexler ◽  
Megan N. Humphries ◽  
Priscila Lamadrid ◽  
Brian Waddell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Continuous Energy

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

scholarly journals Effects of Weight Loss on FGF-21 in Human Subjects: An Exploratory Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4877
Author(s):  
Headland ◽  
Clifton ◽  
Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Continuous Energy ◽  
The Impact

Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), is a protein involved in cell growth and differentiation, development, wound repair and metabolism. Research looking at the impact of weight loss on FGF-21 levels is limited. The objective of this exploratory study was to determine changes in serum FGF-21 levels following weight loss induced by either continuous energy restriction or intermittent energy restriction. A sub cohort of participants who completed a 12-month dietary intervention trial following continuous energy restriction, or a week-on week-off energy restriction pattern, were selected for analysis. FGF-21 levels were not altered by weight loss and were not correlated with body weight or BMI at baseline or 12 months. Weight loss after 12 months either through continuous energy restriction or intermittent energy restriction was −5.9 ± 4.5 and −4.9 ± 3.4 kg, respectively. There was no change in FGF-21 levels, 0.3 ± 0.9 and 0.04 ± 0.2 ng/mL (p = 0.2). In conclusion, weight loss in healthy overweight or obesity subjects did not affect FGF-21 levels.

scholarly journals Associations between the proportion of fat-free mass loss during weight loss, changes in appetite, and subsequent weight change: results from a randomized 2-stage dietary intervention trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Turicchi ◽  
Ruairi O'Driscoll ◽  
Graham Finlayson ◽  
Cristiana Duarte ◽  
Mark Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Weight Outcomes ◽  
Dietary Intervention Trial

ABSTRACT Background Dynamic changes in body composition which occur during weight loss may have an influential role on subsequent energy balance behaviors and weight. Objectives The aim of this article is to consider the effect of proportionate changes in body composition during weight loss on subsequent changes in appetite and weight outcomes at 26 wk in individuals engaged in a weight loss maintenance intervention. Methods A subgroup of the Diet, Obesity, and Genes (DiOGenes) study (n = 209) was recruited from 3 European countries. Participants underwent an 8-wk low-calorie diet (LCD) resulting in ≥8% body weight loss, during which changes in body composition (by DXA) and appetite (by visual analog scale appetite perceptions in response to a fixed test meal) were measured. Participants were randomly assigned into 5 weight loss maintenance diets based on protein and glycemic index content and followed up for 26 wk. We investigated associations between proportionate fat-free mass (FFM) loss (%FFML) during weight loss and 1) weight outcomes at 26 wk and 2) changes in appetite perceptions. Results During the LCD, participants lost a mean ± SD of 11.2 ± 3.5 kg, of which 30.4% was FFM. After adjustment, there was a tendency for %FFML to predict weight regain in the whole group (β: 0.041; 95% CI: −0.001, 0.08; P = 0.055), which was significant in men (β: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.15; P = 0.009) but not women (β: 0.01; 95% CI: −0.04, 0.07; P = 0.69). Associations between %FFML and change in appetite perceptions during weight loss were inconsistent. The strongest observations were in men for hunger (r = 0.69, P = 0.002) and desire to eat (r = 0.61, P = 0.009), with some tendencies in the whole group and no associations in women. Conclusions Our results suggest that composition of weight loss may have functional importance for energy balance regulation, with greater losses of FFM potentially being associated with increased weight regain and appetite. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00390637.

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