scholarly journals Effects of Weight Loss on FGF-21 in Human Subjects: An Exploratory Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4877
Author(s):  
Headland ◽  
Clifton ◽  
Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Continuous Energy ◽  
The Impact

Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), is a protein involved in cell growth and differentiation, development, wound repair and metabolism. Research looking at the impact of weight loss on FGF-21 levels is limited. The objective of this exploratory study was to determine changes in serum FGF-21 levels following weight loss induced by either continuous energy restriction or intermittent energy restriction. A sub cohort of participants who completed a 12-month dietary intervention trial following continuous energy restriction, or a week-on week-off energy restriction pattern, were selected for analysis. FGF-21 levels were not altered by weight loss and were not correlated with body weight or BMI at baseline or 12 months. Weight loss after 12 months either through continuous energy restriction or intermittent energy restriction was −5.9 ± 4.5 and −4.9 ± 3.4 kg, respectively. There was no change in FGF-21 levels, 0.3 ± 0.9 and 0.04 ± 0.2 ng/mL (p = 0.2). In conclusion, weight loss in healthy overweight or obesity subjects did not affect FGF-21 levels.

scholarly journals 24-h severe energy restriction impairs postprandial glycaemic control in young, lean males

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 1107-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Clayton ◽  
Jack Biddle ◽  
Tyler Maher ◽  
Mark P. Funnell ◽  
Jack A. Sargeant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment

AbstractIntermittent energy restriction (IER) involves short periods of severe energy restriction interspersed with periods of adequate energy intake, and can induce weight loss. Insulin sensitivity is impaired by short-term, complete energy restriction, but the effects of IER are not well known. In randomised order, fourteen lean men (age: 25 (sd 4) years; BMI: 24 (sd 2) kg/m2; body fat: 17 (4) %) consumed 24-h diets providing 100 % (10 441 (sd 812) kJ; energy balance (EB)) or 25 % (2622 (sd 204) kJ; energy restriction (ER)) of estimated energy requirements, followed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g of glucose drink) after fasting overnight. Plasma/serum glucose, insulin, NEFA, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) were assessed before and after (0 h) each 24-h dietary intervention, and throughout the 2-h OGTT. Homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) assessed the fasted response and incremental AUC (iAUC) or total AUC (tAUC) were calculated during the OGTT. At 0 h, HOMA2-IR was 23 % lower after ER compared with EB (P<0·05). During the OGTT, serum glucose iAUC (P<0·001), serum insulin iAUC (P<0·05) and plasma NEFA tAUC (P<0·01) were greater during ER, but GLP-1 (P=0·161), GIP (P=0·473) and FGF21 (P=0·497) tAUC were similar between trials. These results demonstrate that severe energy restriction acutely impairs postprandial glycaemic control in lean men, despite reducing HOMA2-IR. Chronic intervention studies are required to elucidate the long-term effects of IER on indices of insulin sensitivity, particularly in the absence of weight loss.

Intermittent Versus Continuous Energy Restriction for Weight Loss and Metabolic Improvement: A Meta‐Analysis and Systematic Review

Obesity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Shasha He ◽  
Jiao Wang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Jixiong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Continuous Energy

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) in obese children: no relationship to growth, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Reinehr ◽  
Christian L. Roth ◽  
Joachim Woelfle
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Igfbp 3

AbstractBackground:Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a hepatic protein that plays a critical role in liver, adipose tissue, and bone metabolism. Animal models reported an increase of FGF-21 and associated growth disturbances in undernutrition. Therefore, we studied the impact of weight loss in obese children on growth, FGF-21, and insulin-like factor 1 (IGF-1) concentrations.Methods:We analyzed height, serum concentrations of FGF-21, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, leptin, and insulin at baseline and 1 year later in 30 obese children with substantial weight loss (reduction >0.5 BMI-SDS) and in 30 obese children of similar age, gender, and pubertal stage with stable BMI-SDS. All children participated in a 1-year lifestyle intervention. Height and IGF-1 was transformed to standard deviation score (SDS). Multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, and pubertal stage were performed.Results:At baseline, height-SDS was significantly related to IGF-1-SDS (β-coefficient 0.68 95% confidence interval (95% CI)±0.49; p=0.008) and leptin (β-coefficient 0.042 95% CI±0.030; p=0.008), but not to FGF-21 or insulin. FGF-21 was not significantly associated with IGF-1 or IGFBP-3. In longitudinal analysis, changes of FGF-21 were not significantly related to changes of height, IGF-1-SDS or IGFBP-3. However, in the subgroup of 30 children with substantial BMI-SDS reduction, FGF-21, leptin, insulin, and HOMA decreased significantly.Conclusion:As there was no significant association between FGF-21 and growth or IGF-1 both in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, these findings do not support the hypothesis that FGF-21 is involved in growth of obese children. Further studies are necessary to understand the multiple alterations in the growth hormone (GH) axis in obese children.

scholarly journals Desire to Be Underweight: Exploratory Study on a Weight Loss App Community and User Perceptions of the Impact on Disordered Eating Behaviors

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. e150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Victoria Eikey ◽  
Madhu C Reddy ◽  
Kayla M Booth ◽  
Lynette Kvasny ◽  
Johnna L Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Disordered Eating Behaviors ◽  
User Perceptions ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Long-term weight status in regainers after weight loss by lifestyle intervention: status and challenges

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Stelmach-Mardas ◽  
Marcin Mardas ◽  
Jarosław Walkowiak ◽  
Heiner Boeing
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Individual

After having participated in a weight loss trial, most participants do not stabilise the obtained weight loss but return to their initial weight. The aim of this review is to describe the main determinants of continued low weight status after weight loss, and the effectiveness of physical activity (PA), energy restriction and macronutrient composition of the diet for low long-term weight regain. Studies with intervention periods of at least 3 months duration of weight reduction measures and a follow-up at least 2 years after the intervention period were considered as eligible for the review. Owing to limited data, the studies describing the role of PA in weight management were eligible with a follow-up of 1 year only. It appears that a diet with self-regulation of dietary intake seems to be given a prominent role in the strategy of successful long-term weight loss among the obese. This measure could be combined with behaviour therapy and PA and tailored to the individual situation. However, considering available evidence it is difficult to conclude regarding unambiguous measures and to recommend a specific dietary intervention. Nevertheless, interventions should be effective in promoting intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy. The harmonisation and standardisation of data collection in the follow-up period of long-term weight loss studies is a major challenge.

scholarly journals FGF21 Is an Insulin-Dependent Postprandial Hormone in Adult Humans

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 3806-3813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo J Samms ◽  
Jo E Lewis ◽  
Luke Norton ◽  
Francis B Stephens ◽  
Christopher J Gaffney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) secretion has been shown to respond directly to carbohydrate consumption, with glucose, fructose, and sucrose all reported to increase plasma levels of FGF21 in rodents and humans. However, carbohydrate consumption also results in secretion of insulin. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the combined and independent effects of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on total and bioactive FGF21 in the postprandial period in humans, and determine whether this effect is attenuated in conditions of altered insulin secretion and action. Methods Circulating glucose, insulin, total and bioactive FGF21, and fibroblast activation protein were measured in adults with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) following an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and under a series of insulin and glucose clamp conditions and following high-fat diet in healthy adults. Results Circulating total and bioactive FGF21 levels responded acutely to OGTT, and their ratio was attenuated in T2D patients with reduced postprandial insulin response. The clamp studies revealed that insulin but not glucose accounts for the postprandial rise in FGF21. Finally, there was an attenuated rise in FGF21 in response to a high-fat dietary intervention that is known to alter insulin-stimulated substrate utilization in metabolically active tissues. Conclusions Insulin rather than glucose per se increases total and bioactive FGF21 in the postprandial period in adult humans. Understanding the impact of T2D on bioactive FGF21 will have a significant effect upon the efficacy of therapeutic agents designed to target the FGF21 pathway.

OR47: Matched Weight Loss Through Intermittent or Continuous Energy Restriction Does not Result in Compensatory Adaptations in Appetite: A Proof of Concept RCT

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. S22
Author(s):  
K. Beaulieu ◽  
N. Casanova ◽  
P. Oustric ◽  
C. Gibbons ◽  
M. Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Continuous Energy

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting and Time-Restricted Feeding Compared to Continuous Energy Restriction for Weight Loss

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey A. Rynders ◽  
Elizabeth A. Thomas ◽  
Adnin Zaman ◽  
Zhaoxing Pan ◽  
Victoria A. Catenacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Continuous Energy ◽  
Modest Weight Loss

The current obesity epidemic is staggering in terms of its magnitude and public health impact. Current guidelines recommend continuous energy restriction (CER) along with a comprehensive lifestyle intervention as the cornerstone of obesity treatment, yet this approach produces modest weight loss on average. Recently, there has been increased interest in identifying alternative dietary weight loss strategies that involve restricting energy intake to certain periods of the day or prolonging the fasting interval between meals (i.e., intermittent energy restriction, IER). These strategies include intermittent fasting (IMF; >60% energy restriction on 2–3 days per week, or on alternate days) and time-restricted feeding (TRF; limiting the daily period of food intake to 8–10 h or less on most days of the week). Here, we summarize the current evidence for IER regimens as treatments for overweight and obesity. Specifically, we review randomized trials of ≥8 weeks in duration performed in adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) in which an IER paradigm (IMF or TRF) was compared to CER, with the primary outcome being weight loss. Overall, the available evidence suggests that IER paradigms produce equivalent weight loss when compared to CER, with 9 out of 11 studies reviewed showing no differences between groups in weight or body fat loss.

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