Effects of anthropogenic landscapes on population maintenance of waterbirds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Wang ◽  
Xinhai Li ◽  
Xiaotong Ren ◽  
Micha V. Jackson ◽  
Richard A. Fuller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Population Maintenance

QUESTIONS OF ZONING ANTHROPOGENIC LANDSCAPES IN THE INFLUENCE AREA OF THE JIZZAKH RESERVOIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Ilkhom Abdullayev ◽  
◽  
Ilkhom Karimov
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Influence Area

THE STUDY OF ANTHROPOGENIC LANDSCAPES IN BASHKIR STATE UNIVERSITY IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XXth CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Adelya Usmanova ◽  
◽  
Elvera Bakieva ◽  
Gulfiya Fakhretdinova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State University ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Xxth Century

Protected areas and unpaved roads mediate habitat use of the giant anteater in anthropogenic landscapes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia F Versiani ◽  
Larissa L Bailey ◽  
Nielson Pasqualotto ◽  
Thiago F Rodrigues ◽  
Roberta M Paolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Unpaved Roads ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
Model Average

Abstract The drastic reduction of the Brazilian Cerrado has transformed this savanna hotspot into vast swaths of commodity-based agriculture fields, mainly soybean, sugarcane, and beef-production pasturelands. The resulting habitat loss and fragmentation are the principal factors underlying population decline of native species inhabiting the Cerrado, particularly those with a high demand for space, low population density, and specialized diet, such as the endangered giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). Although the species has been studied in protected areas, we know much less about its ability to endure in disturbed landscapes. Here, we analyzed camera-trapping data to estimate a proxy of habitat use (ψ^; occupancy) and detection probabilities of the giant anteater, identifying environmental covariates influencing these parameters in landscapes with intensive agriculture and commercial forestry. We found this species using about half of the study area (model average ψ^ = 0.51, CI = 0.40–0.62), with two predictors strongly influencing habitat use: protected areas and unpaved roads. In turn, detection probability correlates positively with area of open Cerrado and negatively with area of settlements. The species is more likely to use unpaved roads inside protected areas (ψ^ = 0.90, CI = 0.47–0.75), compared to off road sites in the surrounding areas (ψ^ = 0.19, CI = 0.10–0.34). Our findings indicate that giant anteaters are dependent on nature reserves and native vegetation areas existing on private properties, whose protection is regulated by the Brazilian Native Vegetation Protection Law. Given the relative paucity of state-owned protected areas in the Brazilian Cerrado, increasing the adherence of rural owners to this law is, therefore, key for the conservation of the giant anteater. The intense use of unpaved roads might reflect travelling and/or foraging optimization, a behavioral response that, nevertheless, may compound this species’ susceptibility to suffer mortality from roadkill.

On the adaptive capabilities of beavers (Castor L., 1758)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
V. A. Ostapenko ◽  
◽  
S. L. Nesterchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Behavioral Adaptations ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Rapid Restoration

Based on observations of beavers in anthropogenic landscapes, the study of methods of their maintenance and feeding in the zoo assumptions are made about the broad ecological plasticity of the species. This is achieved by both morphophysiological adaptations and behavioral adaptations, which are associated with the processes of synanthropization and domestication. This is also associated with the processes of rapid restoration of the number of beavers and their range in places of former extermination. The river beaver is a promising object of zooculture, including breeding in artificial conditions.

Comprehensive DNA methylation-transcriptome profiles association analysis During the Treatment of Acute Myelocytic Leukemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wu ◽  
Ming-Zhu Song ◽  
Li-Jun Deng ◽  
Qian-Ling Ye
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Acute Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Population Maintenance ◽  
Therapy Strategies

Background: Epigenetic modifications have recently attracted much attention in the study of the biological mechanisms of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) for therapy and prognosis. However, studies on DNA methylation changes during AML treatment are limited. Objective: The comprehensive DNA methylation-transcriptome profiles association analysis in this study aimed to establish whole-genome DNA methylation profiles and explore DNA methylation-related genes and their potential functions before and after treatment. And more appropriate biomarkers are expected to be identified for therapy strategies in AML. Method: Illumina 450K and RNA-Seq data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We performed comprehensive DNA methylation-transcriptome profiles association analysis, pathway analysis, correlation analysis, and survival analyses. The StarBase database was utilized to predict interactions between lncRNAs, miRNAs and target mRNAs. Results: In total, 1592 distinct CpG sites and 2419 different expression transcripts were identified between pre-treatment and post-treatment AML. The significantly enriched functions of methylated genes were stem cell differentiation, cell population maintenance, and cell development. The expression of UGT3A2, MOG, and VSTM1 was correlated with DNA methylation levels (r2>0.5). Lastly, we identified 4 lncRNAs, 9 miRNAs and 142 mRNAs to construct a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network. Conclusion: Our results revealed that DNA methylation was altered before and after treatment. Alterations in DNA methylation affected target gene expression and participated in the key biological processes of AML. Therefore, ceRNA networks may provide further insight into the study of favorable therapeutic markers in AML.

Consumption of cultivated subterranean plant organs by chimpanzees in a human-dominated landscape

Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Maureen S. McCarthy ◽  
Jack D. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Dietary Flexibility ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Western Uganda

Abstract Although chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are ripe fruit specialists, they sometimes consume other plant parts including subterranean organs like roots and tubers. Such plant parts, which include underground storage organs (USOs), have been found to play a key role in the diets of some chimpanzee populations as well as, potentially, our hominin ancestors. We report the confirmed consumption of subterranean plant organs of three species — sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas), yams (Dioscorea alata) and peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), as well as unconfirmed consumption of cassava (Manihot esculenta) — by chimpanzees in a human-dominated landscape in western Uganda. These observations point toward the dietary flexibility of chimpanzees inhabiting anthropogenic landscapes, though mechanisms of novel food acquisition, particularly for subterranean fruits and tubers, are not well understood. Dietary flexibility may help chimpanzees survive as natural forest resources disappear, but simultaneously may bring them into greater conflict with their human neighbours, thereby further imperilling them.

Anthropogenic Landscapes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher I. Roos
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Fire Use ◽  
Plant Foraging

It has been suggested that anthropogenic burning may have altered Southwest landscapes at a large scale. Southwestern biomes vary in their propensity for and their susceptibility to anthropogenic burning practices. Anthropogenic burning to enhance the productivity of wild plant foraging or agriculture was probably limited in scale; on the other hand, fire use in hunting, religious practice, and warfare may have impacted larger scales, though at lower intensity. Middle-elevation forests, woodlands, and grasslands were the biotic zones most likely to be impacted by anthropogenic burning, but sophisticated mimicry of natural fire regimes means that the evidence of such impact is ambiguous.

scholarly journals Landscapes with different logics: A physicalistic approach to semantic conflicts in spatial planning

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Krzysztofik ◽  
Mirek Dymitrow ◽  
Jadwiga Biegańska ◽  
Adam Senetra ◽  
Eleftheria Gavriilidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Centrifugal Forces ◽  
Complicated Structure ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Semantic Conflicts ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geographical Space ◽  
Special Meaning

Abstract This paper deals with the ways of categorising landscapes as ‘urban’ and ‘rural’ using a physicalist approach, where these terms have special meaning. The aim of this paper is to elaborate on the question whether such a division is still meaningful with regard to anthropogenic landscapes, not least in spatial planning. The concerns raised in this paper depart from the increasingly complicated structure of geographical space, including that of anthropogenic landscapes. Our standpoint is illustrated using cases of landscape ambiguities from Poland, Germany, Romania and Greece. Leaning on frameworks of physicalist (mechanicistic) theory, this paper suggests an explanation to the outlined semantic conflicts. This is done by pointing to the relationality between the impact of centripetal and centrifugal forces, the specifics of socio-economic development, as well as the varying landscape forms that emerge from the differences within that development.

Space fit for a king: spatial ecology of king cobras (Ophiophagus hannah) in Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Northeastern Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Michael Marshall ◽  
Colin Thomas Strine ◽  
Max Dolton Jones ◽  
Taksin Artchawakom ◽  
Ines Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Ophiophagus Hannah

Abstract A species’ spatial ecology has direct implications for that species’ conservation. Far-ranging species may be more difficult to conserve because their movements increase their chances of encountering humans. The movements can take them out of protected areas, which is especially risky for species that are routinely persecuted. The king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), a large venomous elapid, is subject to anthropogenic pressures, such as persecution and habitat loss. Here we present results from a study using radio telemetry to quantify movements and habitat use of nine king cobras in and around a protected area in Northeast Thailand. This study is the first investigation into the movements and habitat use of king cobras outside of the Western Ghats, India. On average, the tracked king cobra’s use areas of 493.42 ± 335.60 ha (95% fixed kernel), moving 183.24 ± 82.63 m per day. King cobras did not remain in intact forested area. Five of the individuals frequently used the human-dominated agricultural areas surrounding the protected area, appearing to make regular use of irrigation canals. Two adult males showed increases in movements during the breeding season. One male’s increased breeding season range caused him to venture beyond the protected area, shifting his habitat use from intact forests to scrub in human-dominated areas. King cobras’ large home range and willingness to use anthropogenic landscapes merits special consideration from conservation planners.

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