Exploiting Poisson additivity to predict fire frequency from maps of fire weather and land cover in boreal forests of Québec, Canada

Ecography ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Marchal ◽  
Steve G. Cumming ◽  
Eliot J. B. McIntire
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Fire Weather

scholarly journals Exploring the Future of Fuel Loads in Tasmania, Australia: Shifts in Vegetation in Response to Changing Fire Weather, Productivity, and Fire Frequency

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Harris ◽  
Tomas Remenyi ◽  
Paul Fox-Hughes ◽  
Peter Love ◽  
Nathaniel Bindoff
Keyword(s):  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Fuel Loads ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Long-term effects of fire frequency on carbon storage and productivity of boreal forests: a modeling study

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 765-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. M. Thornley ◽  
M. G. R. Cannell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Modeling Study

scholarly journals Correction: Land cover, more than monthly fire weather, drives fire-size distribution in Southern Québec forests: Implications for fire risk management

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e0185515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Marchal ◽  
Steve G. Cumming ◽  
Eliot J. B. McIntire
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Fire Size ◽  
Fire Size Distribution

scholarly journals Classification of Active Fires and Weather Conditions in the Lower Amur River Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3204
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hayasaka ◽  
Galina V. Sokolova ◽  
Andrey Ostroukhov ◽  
Daisuke Naito
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Amur River Basin ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Amur River ◽  
Active Fire

Most wildland fires in boreal forests occur during summer, but major fires in the lower Amur River Basin of the southern Khabarovsk Krai (SKK) mainly occur in spring. To reduce active fires in the SKK, we carried out daily analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) hotspot (HS) data and various weather charts. HS data of 17 years from 2003 were used to identify the average seasonal fire occurrence. Active fire-periods were extracted by considering the number of daily HSs and their continuity. Weather charts, temperature maps, and wind maps during the top 12 active fire-periods were examined to clarify each fire weather condition. Analysis results showed that there were four active fire-periods that occurred in April, May, July, and October. Weather charts during the top active fire-periods showed active fires in April and October occurred under strong wind conditions (these wind velocities were over 30 km h−1) related to low-pressure systems. The very active summer fire at the end of June 2012 occurred related to warm air mass advection promoted by large westerly meandering. We showed clear fire weather conditions in the SKK from March to October. If a proper fire weather forecast is developed based on our results, more efficient and timely firefighting can be carried out.

scholarly journals Resilience of the boreal forest in response to Holocene fire-frequency changes assessed by pollen diversity and population dynamics

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Carcaillet ◽  
Pierre J. H. Richard ◽  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Bianca Fréchette ◽  
Adam A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Fire Intervals ◽  
In Fire

The hypothesis that changes in fire frequency control the long-term dynamics of boreal forests is tested on the basis of paleodata. Sites with different wildfire histories at the regional scale should exhibit different vegetation trajectories. Mean fire intervals and vegetation reconstructions are based respectively on sedimentary charcoal and pollen from two small lakes, one in the Mixedwood boreal forests and the second in the Coniferous boreal forests. The pollen-inferred vegetation exhibits different trajectories of boreal forest dynamics after afforestation, whereas mean fire intervals have no significant or a delayed impact on the pollen data, either in terms of diversity or trajectories. These boreal forests appear resilient to changes in fire regimes, although subtle modifications can be highlighted. Vegetation compositions have converged during the last 1200 years with the decrease in mean fire intervals, owing to an increasing abundance of boreal species at the southern site (Mixedwood), whereas changes are less pronounced at the northern site (Coniferous). Although wildfire is a natural property of boreal ecosystems, this study does not support the hypothesis that changes in mean fire intervals are the key process controlling long-term vegetation transformation. Fluctuations in mean fire intervals alone do not explain the historical and current distribution of vegetation, but they may have accelerated the climatic process of borealisation, likely resulting from orbital forcing.

scholarly journals Land cover, more than monthly fire weather, drives fire-size distribution in Southern Québec forests: Implications for fire risk management

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. e0179294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Marchal ◽  
Steve G. Cumming ◽  
Eliot J. B. McIntire
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Fire Size ◽  
Fire Size Distribution

Wildland Fire Patch Dynamics in the Chaparral of Southern California and Northern Baja California

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Minnich ◽  
YH Chou
Keyword(s):  
Patch Dynamics ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Fire Occurrence ◽  
Fire Size ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Patch Structure ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Rotation Periods ◽  
Exogenous Factors

In ecosystems where fire occurrence has significant time-dependence, fire sequences should exhibit system-regulation that is distinguished by nonrandom (nonstationary), self-organizing patch dynamics related to spatially constrained fire probabilities. Exogenous factors such as fire weather, precipitation variability, and terrain alter the flammability of vegetation and encourage randomness in fire occurrence within pre-existing patch structure. In Californian chaparral, the roles of succession/fuel build-up and exogenous factors is examined by taking advantage of a 100 yr 'natural experiment' in southern California (SCA) and northern Baja California, Mexico (BCA), where factors influencing fire occurrence have been systematically altered by divergent management systems. In SCA, suppression has been practiced since 1900. In BCA, fire control was not official policy until the 1960s and has not been effectively practiced. Fire perimeter histories for 1920-1971 in SCA and BCA, reconstructed from fire history records and repeat aerial photographs, are compared for fire frequency (events/area), size, rotation periods, stand age structure, ignition rates, weather, burning season, and drought. Landscape-scale fire rotation periods are long (≈70 yr) regardless of management policies because fire occurrence is driven by the gradual development of fire hazard during succession, produced by small annual increments of growth and litterfall, as well as by high fuel moisture in evergreen shrubs. Without fire control frequent fires establish fine-grained mosaics. Fire control reduces fire frequencies, increases fire size, and encourages coarse-scale patch structure. Patch dynamics exhibit evidences of nonrandom turnover. Fire size distributions reflect the nearest-neighbor distances between patches below some age-dependent combustion threshold (CT) in the patch mosaic that resist the spread of fires in stands older than CT. Regional burn rates are poorly related to fire frequency, ignition rates, drought, and terrain. The small size of fires in BCA may be reinforced by interactions between fire and pre-existing, fine-grained patch structure, and by random fire occurrence in the probability distributions of fire weather and climate. In SCA, fires are nonrandomly restricted by fire control to extreme weather.

How does increased fire frequency affect carbon loss from fire? A case study in the northern boreal forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 829 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Brown ◽  
J. F. Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Fire Return Interval ◽  
Fire Cycle ◽  
Return Interval ◽  
Canopy Soil ◽  
Carbon Stores ◽  
Stand Conditions

Fire frequency is expected to increase due to climate warming in many areas, particularly the boreal forests. An increase in fire frequency may have important effects on the global carbon cycle by decreasing the size of boreal carbon stores. Our objective was to quantify and compare the amount of carbon consumed during and the amount of carbon remaining following fire in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forests burned after long v. short intervals. We hypothesised that stands with a shortened fire return interval would have a higher carbon consumption than those experiencing a historically typical fire return interval. Using field measurements of forest canopy, soil organic horizons and adventitious roots, we reconstructed pre-fire stand conditions to estimate the biomass lost in each fire and the effects on post-fire residual carbon stores. We found evidence of a higher loss of carbon following two fire events that recurred after a short interval, resulting in a much greater total reduction in carbon relative to pre-fire or mature stand conditions. Consequently, carbon storage across disturbance intervals was dramatically reduced following short-interval burns. Recovery of these stores would require a subsequent lengthening of the fire cycle, which appears unlikely under future climate scenarios.

scholarly journals Smoke aerosol properties and ageing effects for Northern temperate and boreal regions derived from AERONET source and age attribution

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 6445-6479 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nikonovas ◽  
P. R. J. North ◽  
S. H. Doerr
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Hysplit Model ◽  
Ageing Effects ◽  
Fine Mode

Abstract. Particulate emissions from wildfires impact human health and have a large but uncertain effect on climate. Modelling schemes depend on information about emission factors, emitted particle microphysical and optical properties and ageing effects, while satellite retrieval algorithms make use of characteristic aerosol models to improve retrieval. Ground based remote sensing provides detailed aerosol characterisation, but does not contain information on source. Here, a method is presented to estimate plume origin land cover type and age for AERONET aerosol observations, employing trajectory modelling using the HYSPLIT model, and satellite active fire and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) observations from MODIS and AATSR. It is applied to AERONET stations located in or near Northern temperate and boreal forests, for the period 2002–2013. The results from 629 fire attributions indicate significant differences in size distributions and particle optical properties between different land cover types. Smallest fine mode median radius are attributed to plumes from cropland – natural vegetation mosaic (0.143 μm) and grasslands (0.147 μm) fires. Evergreen needleleaf forest emissions show a significantly smaller fine mode median radius (0.164 μm) than plumes from woody savannas (0.184 μm) and mixed forest (0.193 μm) fires. Smoke plumes are predominantly scattering for all of the classes with median single scattering albedo at 440 nm (SSA(440)) values close to 0.95 except the cropland emissions which have a SSA(440) value of 0.9. Overall fine mode volume median radius increase rate is 0.0095 μm per day for the first 4 days of ageing and 0.0084 μm per day for seven days of ageing. Changes in size were consistent with a decrease in Angstrom Exponent and increase in Asymmetry parameter. No significant changes in SSA(λ) with ageing were found. These estimates have implications for improved modelling of aerosol radiative effects, relevant to both climate modelling and satellite aerosol retrieval schemes.

Occurrence of wildfire in the northern Great Lakes Region: Effects of land cover and land ownership assessed at multiple scales

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Cardille ◽  
Stephen J. Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Usda Forest Service ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Spatially Explicit Data ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Relationship Of

Risk of wildfire has become a major concern for forest managers, particularly where humans live in close proximity to forests. To date, there has been no comprehensive analysis of contemporary wildfire patterns or the influence of landscape-level factors in the northern, largely forested parts of Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, USA. Using electronic archives from the USDA Forest Service and from the Departments of Natural Resources of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, we created and analysed a new, spatially explicit data set: the Lake States Fire Database. Most of the 18 514 fires during 1985—1995 were smaller than 4 ha, although there were 746 fires larger than 41 ha. Most fires were caused by debris burning and incendiary activity. There was considerable interannual variability in fire counts; over 80% of fires occurred in March, April, or May. We analysed the relationship of land cover and ownership to fires at two different fire size thresholds across four gridded spatial scales. Fires were more likely on non-forest than within forests; this was also true if considering only fires larger than 41 ha. An area of National or State Forest was less likely to have experienced a fire during the study period than was a forest of equal size outside National or State Forest boundaries. Large fires were less likely in State Forests, although they were neither more nor less likely to have occurred on National Forests. Fire frequency also varied significantly by forest type. All results were extremely consistent across analysis resolutions, indicating robust relationships.

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