Cellular distribution of cannabinoid‐related receptors TRPV1, PPAR‐gamma, GPR55 and GPR3 in the equine cervical dorsal root ganglia

Very large doses of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) are neurotoxic in humans, selectively affecting the peripheral sensory nerves. We have undertaken a study of the morphological and biochemical aspects of pyridoxine neurotoxicity in an animal model system. Early morphological changes in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) associated with pyridoxine megadoses include proliferation of neurofilaments, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complexes. We present in this report evidence of the formation of unique aggregates of microtubules and membranes in the proximal processes of DRG which are induced by high levels of pyridoxine.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Sciatic nerve transection triggers release and intercellular transfer of a genetically expressed macromolecular tracer in dorsal root ganglia.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.13396998.14765124 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Andresen ◽

Tally Largent-Milnes

Keyword(s):

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽

Dorsal Root ◽

Nerve Transection ◽

Sciatic Nerve Transection ◽

Intercellular Transfer

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OP0083 DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA INFILTRATING MACROPHAGES MAINTAIN OSTEOARTHRITIS PAIN

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4354 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 55.2-56

Author(s):

R. Raoof ◽

C. Martin ◽

H. De Visser ◽

J. Prado ◽

S. Versteeg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Dorsal Root ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Joint Damage ◽

Osteoarthritis Pain ◽

Knee Pathology ◽

Femoral Condyles ◽

Over Time

Background:Pain is a major debilitating symptom of knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, the extent of joint damage in OA does not correlate well with the severity of pain. The mechanisms that govern OA pain are poorly understood. Immune cells infiltrating nervous tissue may contribute to pain maintenance.Objectives:Here we investigated the role of macrophages in the initiation and maintenance of OA pain.Methods:Knee joint damage was induced by an unilateral injection of mono-iodoacetate (MIA) or after application of a groove at the femoral condyles of rats fed on high fat diet. Pain-like behaviors were followed over time using von Frey test and dynamic weight bearing. Joint damage was assessed by histology. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) infiltrating immune cells were assessed over time using flow cytometry. To deplete monocytes and macrophages, Lysmcrex Csfr1-Stop-DTR were injected intrathecal or systemically with diptheria toxin (DT).Results:Intraarticular monoiodoacetate injection induced OA and signs of persistent pain, such as mechanical hyperalgesia and deficits in weight bearing. The persisting pain-like behaviors were associated with accumulation of F4/80+macrophages with an M1-like phenotype in the lumbar DRG appearing from 1 week after MIA injection, and that persisted till at least 4 weeks after MIA injection. Macrophages infiltrated DRG were also observed in the rat groove model of OA, 12 weeks after application of a groove at the femoral condyles. Systemic or local depletion of DRG macrophages during established MIA-induced OA completely ablated signs of pain, without affecting MIA-induced knee pathology. Intriguingly when monocytes/macrophages were depleted prior to induction of osteoarthritis, pain-like behaviors still developed, however these pain-like behaviors did not persist over time.In vitro,sensory neurons innervating the affected OA joint programmed macrophages into a M1 phenotype. Local repolarization of M1-like DRG macrophages towards M2 by intrathecal injection of M2 macrophages or anti-inflammatory cytokines resolved persistent OA-induced pain.Conclusion:Overall we show that macrophages infiltrate the DRG after knee damage and acquire a M1-like phenotype and maintain pain independent of the lesions in the knee joint. DRG-infiltrating macrophages are not required for induction of OA pain. Reprogramming M1-like DRG-infiltrating macrophages may represent a potential strategy to treat OA pain.Acknowledgments:This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreements No 814244 and No 642720. Dutch Arthritis SocietyDisclosure of Interests:Ramin Raoof: None declared, Christian Martin: None declared, Huub de Visser: None declared, Judith Prado: None declared, Sabine Versteeg: None declared, Anne Heinemans: None declared, Simon Mastbergen: None declared, Floris Lafeber Shareholder of: Co-founder and shareholder of ArthroSave BV, Niels Eijkelkamp: None declared

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Microanatomy of the Origin of the Cervical Plexus at the Spinal Cord, Nerve Root Cuffs, and Dorsal Root Ganglia Levels

Surgical Anatomy of the Cervical Plexus and its Branches ◽

10.1016/b978-0-323-83132-1.00007-x ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 93-125

Author(s):

Irene Riquelme ◽

Miguel Angel Reina ◽

André P. Boezaart ◽

Francisco Reina ◽

Virginia García-García ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽

Nerve Root ◽

Dorsal Root ◽

Cervical Plexus

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Expression of Cholinergic Markers and Characterization of Splice Variants during Ontogenesis of Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22115499 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 5499

Author(s):

Veronica Corsetti ◽

Carla Perrone-Capano ◽

Michael Sebastian Salazar Intriago ◽

Elisabetta Botticelli ◽

Giancarlo Poiana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽

Dorsal Root ◽

Splice Variants ◽

Multiple Roles ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Drg Neurons ◽

Embryonic Developmental Stage ◽

Embryo Stage ◽

Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons ◽

Cholinergic Markers

Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons synthesize acetylcholine (ACh), in addition to their peptidergic nature. They also release ACh and are cholinoceptive, as they express cholinergic receptors. During gangliogenesis, ACh plays an important role in neuronal differentiation, modulating neuritic outgrowth and neurospecific gene expression. Starting from these data, we studied the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT) expression in rat DRG neurons. ChAT and VAChT genes are arranged in a “cholinergic locus”, and several splice variants have been described. Using selective primers, we characterized splice variants of these cholinergic markers, demonstrating that rat DRGs express R1, R2, M, and N variants for ChAT and V1, V2, R1, and R2 splice variants for VAChT. Moreover, by RT-PCR analysis, we observed a progressive decrease in ChAT and VAChT transcripts from the late embryonic developmental stage (E18) to postnatal P2 and P15 and in the adult DRG. Interestingly, Western blot analyses and activity assays demonstrated that ChAT levels significantly increased during DRG ontogenesis. The modulated expression of different ChAT and VAChT splice variants during development suggests a possible differential regulation of cholinergic marker expression in sensory neurons and confirms multiple roles for ACh in DRG neurons, both in the embryo stage and postnatally.

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P2X2 receptors differentiate placodal vs. neural crest C-fiber phenotypes innervating guinea pig lungs and esophagus

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.90360.2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 295 (5) ◽

pp. L858-L865 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Kevin Kwong ◽

Marian Kollarik ◽

Christina Nassenstein ◽

Fei Ru ◽

Bradley J. Undem

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Neural Crest ◽

Single Cell ◽

Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽

Dorsal Root ◽

Receptor Activation ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

C Fibers ◽

Embryonic Origin ◽

Ganglion Neurons

The lungs and esophagus are innervated by sensory neurons with somata in the nodose, jugular, and dorsal root ganglion. These sensory ganglia are derived from embryonic placode (nodose) and neural crest tissues (jugular and dorsal root ganglia; DRG). We addressed the hypothesis that the neuron's embryonic origin (e.g., placode vs. neural crest) plays a greater role in determining particular aspects of its phenotype than the environment in which it innervates (e.g., lungs vs. esophagus). This hypothesis was tested using a combination of extracellular and patch-clamp electrophysiology and single-cell RT-PCR from guinea pig neurons. Nodose, but not jugular C-fibers innervating the lungs and esophagus, responded to α,β-methylene ATP with action potential discharge that was sensitive to the P2X3 (P2X2/3) selective receptor antagonist A-317491. The somata of lung- and esophagus-specific sensory fibers were identified using retrograde tracing with a fluorescent dye. Esophageal- and lung-traced neurons from placodal tissue (nodose neurons) responded similarly to α,β-methylene ATP (30 μM) with a large sustained inward current, whereas in neurons derived from neural crest tissue (jugular and DRG neurons), the same dose of α,β-methylene ATP resulted in only a transient rapidly inactivating current or no detectable current. It has been shown previously that only activation of P2X2/3 heteromeric receptors produce sustained currents, whereas homomeric P2X3 receptor activation produces a rapidly inactivating current. Consistent with this, single-cell RT-PCR analysis revealed that the nodose ganglion neurons innervating the lungs and esophagus expressed mRNA for P2X2 and P2X3 subunits, whereas the vast majority of jugular and dorsal root ganglia innervating these tissues expressed only P2X3 mRNA with little to no P2X2 mRNA expression. We conclude that the responsiveness of C-fibers innervating the lungs and esophagus to ATP and other purinergic agonists is determined more by their embryonic origin than by the environment of the tissue they ultimately innervate.

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