The use of surface electromyography for quantification of changes in biceps femoris and triceps brachii muscle activity during induced forelimb and hindlimb lameness

Objective: To observe and analyse the literature on the use of surface electromyography electrodes, including the shape, size, and metal composition of the electrodes used, the interelectrode distance, and the anatomical locations on the muscle at which the electrodes are placed, for the observation of the triceps brachii muscle activity in patients and athletes.Methods: We searched the ScienceDirect and SpringerLink online databases for articles published in the English language during the last six years (between January 2008 and December 2013). We specifically searched for the keywords “EMG” and “triceps brachii” in the full text of each of the articles. The inclusion criteria were articles on the use of surface electromyography electrodes to observe the activity of the triceps brachii muscle in patients and athletes.Results: In the 23 selected articles, the activities of the triceps brachii muscle in a total of 402 subjects were measured using surface electromyography electrodes: 262 subjects in the studies that focused on the rehabilitation of patients with various disorders, and 140 subjects in the studies that focused on the sports performance of various athletes. To record the surface electromyography activity of the triceps brachii muscle, the electrodes were placed over the muscle belly or the three heads (lateral, long, and medial) of the triceps brachii muscle with diverse interelectrode distances. Seventeen studies used bipolar or triode silver/silver chloride electrodes, one study utilised bipolar gold electrodes, one study applied bipolar polycarbonate electrodes, one study used a linear array of four silver bar electrodes, one study utilised DELSYS parallel bar nickel silver electrodes, and two studies did not clearly mention the composition of the electrodes used.Conclusions: Bipolar silver/silver chloride circular-shaped electrodes are utilised more frequently than electrodes with a different metal composition and shape. The anatomical locations of the triceps brachii muscle that mainly considered for electrode placement are the lateral, long, and medial heads. A 10-mm electrode size is commonly used to measure the sEMG activity more efficiently. However, we found that an electrode size of up to 40 mm may be used to reliably measure the sEMG activity on the triceps brachii muscle. A 20-mm interelectrode distance is commonly used to measure the sEMG activity using the above mentioned muscle locations and silver/silver chloride electrodes. We also identified others factors that should be taken into account for the use of the sEMG recording technique on the triceps brachii under real-time conditions.

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Muscle Fatigue in the Three Heads of the Triceps Brachii During a Controlled Forceful Hand Grip Task with Full Elbow Extension Using Surface Electromyography

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.1515/hukin-2015-0035 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 69-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Md. Asraf Ali ◽

Kenneth Sundaraj ◽

R. Badlishah Ahmad ◽

Nizam Uddin Ahamed ◽

Md. Anamul Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Fatigue ◽

Root Mean Square ◽

Isometric Contraction ◽

Surface Electromyography ◽

Fiber Type ◽

Mean Square ◽

Elbow Extension ◽

Triceps Brachii ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Triceps Brachii Muscle

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to investigate the time to fatigue and compare the fatiguing condition among the three heads of the triceps brachii muscle using surface electromyography during an isometric contraction of a controlled forceful hand grip task with full elbow extension. Eighteen healthy subjects concurrently performed a single 90 s isometric contraction of a controlled forceful hand grip task and full elbow extension. Surface electromyographic signals from the lateral, long and medial heads of the triceps brachii muscle were recorded during the task for each subject. The changes in muscle activity among the three heads of triceps brachii were measured by the root mean square values for every 5 s period throughout the total contraction period. The root mean square values were then analysed to determine the fatiguing condition for the heads of triceps brachii muscle. Muscle fatigue in the long, lateral, and medial heads of the triceps brachii started at 40 s, 50 s, and 65 s during the prolonged contraction, respectively. The highest fatiguing rate was observed in the long head (slope = −2.863), followed by the medial head (slope = −2.412) and the lateral head (slope = −1.877) of the triceps brachii muscle. The results of the present study concurs with previous findings that the three heads of the triceps brachii muscle do not work as a single unit, and the fiber type/composition is different among the three heads.

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Muscle activity of the Lumbo-pelvic-hip complex in three isometric exercises using TRX ® rip trainer™ (Actividad muscular del complejo Lumbo-Pelvis-Cadera en tres ejercicios isométricos usando TRX® rip trainer™)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i35.63922 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 216-220

Author(s):

Andres Felipe Flores-Leon ◽

Valeria Soto ◽

Oscar Florencio Araneda ◽

Rodrigo Guzman-Venegas ◽

Francisco José Berral de la Rosa

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activity ◽

Surface Electromyography ◽

Gluteus Medius ◽

Biceps Femoris ◽

Friedman Test ◽

Physically Active ◽

De Re ◽

Elastic Resistance ◽

Level Of Activity ◽

External Oblique

Abstract. One of the tools currently used for strengthening the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (LPHC) is the TRX ® Rip Trainer™. This device produces asymmetric destabilizing forces by means of an elastic resistance (ER) cord. This study aimed to compare the level of muscle activity of LPHC, during the performance of three isometric exercises using TRX ® Rip Trainer™. Twenty-two healthy, physically active men (mean age 23 ± 2.35 years) were evaluated during the performance of “Drag” (anterior), "Drive" (posterior) and “Stack” (rotation) isometrically resisted exercises, performed using TRX ® Rip Trainer ™. The muscle activity of longissimus, external oblique, gluteus medius, and biceps femoris was recorded by means of surface electromyography. There were differences regarding the side of the ER location in most of the evaluated muscles (p <.05). In addition, a Friedman test revealed differences between the exercises in relation to the evaluated muscle (p<.05). Usually, Stack exercise produces a higher level of activity in these muscles. The findings of this study describe the behavior of LPHC muscles during the use of TRX ® Rip Trainer ™. Resumen. Una de las herramientas actualmente utilizadas para el fortalecimiento del complejo lumbo-pelvis-cadera (CLPC) es el TRX® Rip Trainer ™. Este dispositivo produce una fuerza desestabilizadora asimétrica por medio de un cordón de resistencia elástica (RE). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el nivel de actividad muscular de CLPC, durante la realización de tres ejercicios isométricos utilizando TRX® Rip Trainer ™. Veintidós hombres sanos, físicamente activos (edad media de 23 ± 2,35 años) se evaluaron durante la realización de los ejercicios de resistencia a la isometría “Drag” (anterior), "Drive" (posterior) y "Stack" (rotación), realizados con TRX® Rip Trainer ™. Mediante electromiografía de superficie, se registró la actividad muscular de longissimus, oblicuo externo, glúteo medio y bíceps femoral. Hubo diferencias en relación con el lado de la ubicación de RE, en la mayoría de los músculos evaluados (p <.05). Además, un test de Friedman reveló diferencias entre los ejercicios en relación con el músculo evaluado (p <.05). Por lo general, el ejercicio Stack produce un mayor nivel de actividad en estos músculos. Los resultados indicados en este estudio describen el comportamiento de los músculos CLPC durante el uso de TRX® Rip Trainer ™.

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Evaluation of the Biomechanical Parameters of Human-Wheelchair Systems during Ramp Climbing with the Use of a Manual Wheelchair with Anti-Rollback Devices

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10238757 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (23) ◽

pp. 8757

Author(s):

Bartosz Wieczorek ◽

Mateusz Kukla ◽

Dominik Rybarczyk ◽

Łukasz Warguła

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activity ◽

Surface Electromyography ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Deltoid Muscle ◽

Cycle Duration ◽

Kinematic Parameters ◽

Triceps Brachii ◽

Manual Wheelchair ◽

Total Mechanical Energy ◽

Biomechanical Parameters

Purpose: The main purpose of the research conducted was the analysis of kinematic and biomechanical parameters measured during manual wheelchair ramp-climbing with the use of the anti-rollback system and the comparison of the values tested with the manual wheelchair climbing the same ramp but without any modifications. The paper presents a quantitative assessment relating to the qualitative research of the anti-rollback system performed by another research team. Method and materials: The article presents the measurement results of the wheelchair motion kinematics and the activity of four upper limb muscles for eight subjects climbing a 4.58° ramp. Each subject propelled the wheelchair both with and without the anti-rollback system. The kinematic parameters were measured by means of two incremental encoders with the resolution of 500 impulses per single revolution of the measurement wheel. Whereas, the muscle activity was measured by means of surface electromyography with the use of Noraxon Mini DTS apparatus equipped with four measurement channels. Results: The surface electromyography measurement indicated an increase in the muscle activity for all four muscles, during the use of the anti-rollback system. The increase was: 18.56% for deltoid muscle anterior, 12.37% for deltoid muscle posteriori, 13.0% for triceps brachii, and 15.44% for extensor carpi radialis longus. As far as the kinematics analysis is concerned, a decrease in the measured kinematic parameters was observed in most participants. The medium velocity of the propelling cycle decreased by 26%. The ratio of the generated power and the loss power in a single propelling cycle λ had decreased by 18%. The least decrease was recorded for the measurement of mechanical energy E and the propelling cycle duration time. For the total mechanical energy, the decrease level was 3%, and for the propelling cycle duration it was 1%. The research carried out did not demonstrate any impact of the anti-rollback system use on the push phase share in the entire propelling cycle.

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Changes in muscle coactivation during running: a comparison between two techniques, forefoot vs rearfoot

Archivos de Medicina del Deporte ◽

10.18176/archmeddeporte.00059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 332-336

Author(s):

Daniel Araya ◽

Juan López ◽

Germán Villalobos ◽

Rodrigo Guzmán-Venegas ◽

Oscar Valencia

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activity ◽

Surface Electromyography ◽

Tibialis Anterior ◽

Rectus Femoris ◽

Biceps Femoris ◽

Medial Gastrocnemius ◽

Initial Contact ◽

Joint Stability ◽

Paired Data ◽

Lateral Gastrocnemius

Introduction: Surface electromyography has been a technique used to describe muscle activity during running. However, there is little literature that analyses the behaviour of muscle coactivation in runners, describing the effect between two techniques associated with the initial contact, such as the use of rearfoot (RF) and forefoot (FF). Material and method: The purpose of this study was to compare muscle coactivation levels developed in the lower limb during two running techniques, FF vs RF. Fourteen amateur runners were evaluated (eight men, six women; age= 23.21 ± 3.58 years, mass= 63.89 ± 8.13 kg, height= 1.68 ± 0.08m). Surface electromyography was used to measure muscle activity during both running techniques evaluated on a treadmill, considering the muscle pairs: Rectus femoris- Biceps femoris (RFe-BF), Lateral Gastrocnemius–Tibialis Anterior (LG-TA), and Medial Gastrocnemius - Tibialis Anterior (MG-TA). These were calculated in three windows considering ten running cycles (0-5%, 80-100%, and 0-100%). To compare FF vs RF t-student test for paired data was used. Results: It was observed significant differences in the MG-TA pair (FF= 18.42 ± 11.84% vs RF = 39.05 ± 13.28%, p = 0.0018 during 0-5%, and RFe-BF pair (FF = 42.38 ± 18.11% vs RF = 28.37 ± 17.2%, p = 0.0331) during 80-100% of the race. Conclusion: Our findings show that the behaviour of muscle coactivation is different between FF vs RF techniques if we analyze little windows in the running cycle. This could be associated with an increase in the joint stability between these short intervals, represented in the initial and final regions of the running cycle.

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sEMG ACTIVITIES OF THE THREE HEADS OF THE TRICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE DURING CRICKET BOWLING

Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1142/s0219519416500755 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (05) ◽

pp. 1650075 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MD. ASRAF ALI ◽

KENNETH SUNDARAJ ◽

R. BADLISHAH AHMAD ◽

NIZAM UDDIN AHAMED ◽

MD. ANAMUL ISLAM ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Mean Square ◽

Surface Electromyography ◽

Mean Square ◽

Triceps Brachii ◽

Alpha Level ◽

Triceps Brachii Muscle ◽

Physical Therapies ◽

Cricket Bowling ◽

Semg Signals

The aim of the present study was to analyze the surface electromyography (sEMG) activities generated by the three heads of the triceps brachii (TB) muscle among the different phases during fast and spin bowling. sEMG signals from the lateral, long and medial heads of the TB from 20 bowlers were measured individually during bowling. To analyze the sEMG activities, the root mean square (RMS) value in each bowling phase for every trial per bowler was calculated from the sEMG signals from the three heads of the TB. Higher sEMG activities at the three heads of the TB were found during the fifth phase followed by the sixth, seventh, third, fourth, second and first phases in both types of bowling. sEMG activities were significantly different among the three heads of the TB and among the seven bowling phases for both bowling types at an alpha level of [Formula: see text]. These findings will be of particular importance for assessing different physical therapies for the three headed TB muscle which can improve the performance in ball delivery of cricket bowlers.

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Amplitude and Frequency Analysis of Pelvic Limb Muscle Activity during a Trot in Normal, Healthy Dogs Using Surface Electromyography

10.1055/s-0040-1712885 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Welsh PJ ◽

Martinez SA ◽

Thompson DJ ◽

Ching JK ◽

Gilbert PJ

Keyword(s):

Frequency Analysis ◽

Muscle Activity ◽

Surface Electromyography ◽

Limb Muscle ◽

Pelvic Limb ◽

Healthy Dogs

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Clinical Use of Surface Electromyography to Track Acute Upper Extremity Muscle Recovery after Stroke: A Descriptive Case Study of a Single Patient

Applied System Innovation ◽

10.3390/asi4020032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Heather A. Feldner ◽

Christina Papazian ◽

Keshia M. Peters ◽

Claire J. Creutzfeldt ◽

Katherine M. Steele

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activity ◽

Surface Electromyography ◽

Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽

Stroke Survivor ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Routine Care ◽

Stroke Recovery ◽

Descriptive Case Study ◽

Sensing Technology

Arm recovery varies greatly among stroke survivors. Wearable surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors have been used to track recovery in research; however, sEMG is rarely used within acute and subacute clinical settings. The purpose of this case study was to describe the use of wireless sEMG sensors to examine changes in muscle activity during acute and subacute phases of stroke recovery, and understand the participant’s perceptions of sEMG monitoring. Beginning three days post-stroke, one stroke survivor wore five wireless sEMG sensors on his involved arm for three to four hours, every one to three days. Muscle activity was tracked during routine care in the acute setting through discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Three- and eight-month follow-up sessions were completed in the community. Activity logs were completed each session, and a semi-structured interview occurred at the final session. The longitudinal monitoring of muscle and movement recovery in the clinic and community was feasible using sEMG sensors. The participant and medical team felt monitoring was unobtrusive, interesting, and motivating for recovery, but desired greater in-session feedback to inform rehabilitation. While barriers in equipment and signal quality still exist, capitalizing on wearable sensing technology in the clinic holds promise for enabling personalized stroke recovery.

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Ankle Muscle Activations during Different Foot-Strike Patterns in Running

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21103422 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 3422

Author(s):

Jian-Zhi Lin ◽

Wen-Yu Chiu ◽

Wei-Hsun Tai ◽

Yu-Xiang Hong ◽

Chung-Yu Chen

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activity ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Stance Phase ◽

Inertial Sensors ◽

Plantar Flexion ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Biceps Femoris ◽

Ankle Muscle ◽

Foot Strike ◽

Muscle Activations

This study analysed the landing performance and muscle activity of athletes in forefoot strike (FFS) and rearfoot strike (RFS) patterns. Ten male college participants were asked to perform two foot strikes patterns, each at a running speed of 6 km/h. Three inertial sensors and five EMG sensors as well as one 24 G accelerometer were synchronised to acquire joint kinematics parameters as well as muscle activation, respectively. In both the FFS and RFS patterns, according to the intraclass correlation coefficient, excellent reliability was found for landing performance and muscle activation. Paired t tests indicated significantly higher ankle plantar flexion in the FFS pattern. Moreover, biceps femoris (BF) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) activation increased in the pre-stance phase of the FFS compared with that of RFS. The FFS pattern had significantly decreased tibialis anterior (TA) muscle activity compared with the RFS pattern during the pre-stance phase. The results demonstrated that the ankle strategy focused on controlling the foot strike pattern. The influence of the FFS pattern on muscle activity likely indicates that an athlete can increase both BF and GM muscles activity. Altered landing strategy in cases of FFS pattern may contribute both to the running efficiency and muscle activation of the lower extremity. Therefore, neuromuscular training and education are required to enable activation in dynamic running tasks.

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