Expression of decorin throughout the murine hair follicle cycle: hair cycle dependence and anagen phase prolongation

The progression in the hair follicle cycle from the telogen to the anagen phase is the key to regulating hair regrowth. Dermal papilla (DP) cells support hair growth and regulate the hair cycle. However, they gradually lose key inductive properties upon culture. DP cells can partially restore their capacity to promote hair regrowth after being subjected to spheroid culture. In this study, results revealed that DP spheroids are effective at inducing the progression of the hair follicle cycle from telogen to anagen compared with just DP cell or minoxidil treatment. Because of the importance of paracrine signaling in this process, secretome and exosomes were isolated from DP cell culture, and their therapeutic efficacies were investigated. We demonstrated that miR-218-5p was notably up-regulated in DP spheroid–derived exosomes. Western blot and immunofluorescence imaging were used to demonstrate that DP spheroid–derived exosomes up-regulated β-catenin, promoting the development of hair follicles.

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What Can Complex Dietary Supplements Do for Hair Loss and How Can It Be Validly Measured—A Review

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10144996 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 4996

Author(s):

Nicole Braun ◽

Ulrike Heinrich

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Hair Loss ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Hair Cycle ◽

Active Growth ◽

Widespread Occurrence ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Anagen Phase

Hair plays a major role in perception within a society. It provides information about gender, age, health, and social status. It is therefore not surprising that those affected are exposed to great suffering due to the widespread occurrence of hair loss. As a result, the demand for new products to remedy this problem is not diminishing. Hair grows in cycles, and a hair follicle goes through several phases called the hair cycle. The active growth phase (anagen phase) lasts 2–6 years. In this state a hair follicle shows a growth of about 1 cm per month. In order to improve the existing hair status, hair should be kept in the active anagen phase as long as possible, or the transition to anagen should be stimulated. A number of reviews already describe the influence of individual active ingredients on hair growth. However, the following review describes existing studies of complex dietary supplements with their experimental weaknesses and strengths and their influence on hair loss. Also, for the determination of hair loss, it is important to use a valid method with high acceptance by the test persons. In this context, the TrichoScale® is a validated and non-invasive tool for quantifying hair loss/hair growth. Thus, it is an ideal measuring instrument to objectively quantify the effectiveness of a hair loss treatment.

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Suppression of FGF5 and FGF18 Expression by Cholesterol-Modified siRNAs Promotes Hair Growth in Mice

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.666860 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jungang Zhao ◽

Haojie Lin ◽

Lusheng Wang ◽

Keke Guo ◽

Rongrong Jing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Topical Application ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Intradermal Injection ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Anagen Phase ◽

A Cell ◽

Hair Follicle Cycle

FGF5 and FGF18 are key factors in the regulation of the hair follicle cycle. FGF5 is overexpressed during the late anagen phase and serves as a crucial regulatory factor that promotes the anagen-to-catagen transition in the hair follicle cycle. FGF18, which is overexpressed during the telogen phase, mainly regulates the hair follicle cycle by maintaining the telogen phase and inhibiting the entry of hair follicles into the anagen phase. The inhibition of FGF5 may prolong the anagen phase, whereas the inhibition of FGF18 may promote the transition of the hair follicles from the telogen phase to the anagen phase. In the present study, we used siRNA to suppress FGF5 or FGF18 expression as a way to inhibit the activity of these genes. Using qPCR, we showed that FGF5-targeting siRNA modified by cholesterol was more effective than the same siRNA bound to a cell-penetrating peptide at suppressing the expression of FGF5 both in vitro and in vivo. We then investigated the effects of the cholesterol-modified siRNA targeting either FGF5 or FGF18 on the hair follicle cycle in a depilated area of the skin on the back of mice. The cholesterol-modified siRNA, delivered by intradermal injection, effectively regulated the hair follicle cycle by inhibiting the expression of FGF5 and FGF18. More specifically, intradermal injection of a cholesterol-modified FGF5-targeted siRNA effectively prolonged the anagen phase of the hair follicles, whereas intradermal injection of the cholesterol-modified FGF18-targeted siRNA led to the mobilization of telogen follicles to enter the anagen phase earlier. The inhibitory effect of the cholesterol-modified FGF18-targeted siRNA on FGF18 expression was also evaluated for a topically applied siRNA. Topical application of a cream containing the cholesterol-modified FGF18-targeted siRNA on a depilated area of the skin of the back of mice revealed comparable inhibition of FGF18 expression with that observed for the same siRNA delivered by intradermal injection. These findings suggested that alopecia could be prevented and hair regrowth could be restored either through the intradermal injection of cholesterol-modified siRNA targeting FGF5 or FGF18 or the topical application of FGF18 siRNA.

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Exposure to gamma-rays at the telogen phase of the hair cycle inhibits hair follicle regeneration at the anagen phase in mice

International Journal of Radiation Biology ◽

10.3109/09553002.2014.868618 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 127-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kimihiko Sugaya ◽

Tomohisa Hirobe

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Gamma Rays ◽

Hair Cycle ◽

Anagen Phase

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The Tgf--/Bmp Co-Receptor Endoglin Is a Key Component of the Molecular Oscillator That Regulates the Hair Follicle Cycle

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3155886 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Marra I. Calvo-SSnchez ◽

Elisa Carrasco ◽

Sandra Fernnndez-Martos ◽

Gema Moreno ◽

Carmelo Bernabeu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Molecular Oscillator ◽

Hair Follicle Cycle

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The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in murine hair cycle transition: a potential anagen phase regulator

Archives of Dermatological Research ◽

10.1007/s00403-020-02169-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lijuan Zhou ◽

Liang Wen ◽

Youyu Sheng ◽

Jinghao Lu ◽

Ruiming Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hair Cycle ◽

Anagen Phase

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Localisation and regulation of cholesterol transporters in the human hair follicle: mapping changes across the hair cycle

Histochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1007/s00418-020-01957-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Megan A. Palmer ◽

Eleanor Smart ◽

Iain S. Haslam

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Human Hair ◽

Vital Role ◽

Transport Proteins ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Regulatory Control ◽

Cholesterol Transport ◽

Hair Cycle ◽

Human Hair Follicle

AbstractCholesterol has long been suspected of influencing hair biology, with dysregulated homeostasis implicated in several disorders of hair growth and cycling. Cholesterol transport proteins play a vital role in the control of cellular cholesterol levels and compartmentalisation. This research aimed to determine the cellular localisation, transport capability and regulatory control of cholesterol transport proteins across the hair cycle. Immunofluorescence microscopy in human hair follicle sections revealed differential expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters across the hair cycle. Cholesterol transporter expression (ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCA5 and SCARB1) reduced as hair follicles transitioned from growth to regression. Staining for free cholesterol (filipin) revealed prominent cholesterol striations within the basement membrane of the hair bulb. Liver X receptor agonism demonstrated active regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1, but not ABCA5 or SCARB1 in human hair follicles and primary keratinocytes. These results demonstrate the capacity of human hair follicles for cholesterol transport and trafficking. Future studies examining the role of cholesterol transport across the hair cycle may shed light on the role of lipid homeostasis in human hair disorders.

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A Selectable Biomarker in Hair Follicle Cycles – Cathepsins: A Preliminary Study in Murine

Skin Pharmacology and Physiology ◽

10.1159/000509943 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jingzhu Bai ◽

Zijian Gong ◽

Qingfang Xu ◽

Haiyan Chen ◽

Qiaoping Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Hair Cycle ◽

Biological Factors ◽

Outer Root Sheath ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Intervention Measures ◽

Root Sheath ◽

Inner Root Sheath ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Paraffin Method

Background/Objective: Hair cycle is regulated by many biological factors. Cathepsins are involved in various physiological processes in human skin. Here, we investigated the cathepsin expression and distribution changes in follicular growth cycles for better understanding the hair cycles and to explore new intervention measures. Methods: The 24 mice (C57BL/6, female, 7-week old) were selected and removed the back hair via rosin/paraffin method. At Day 8, Day 20, and Day 25, biopsy on post-plucking area was done. Immunohistochemical staining, Western blot, and Q-PCR were used to test the cathepsin B/D/L/E. Results: In anagen, cathepsins (B, D, L, and E) were distributed in the hair follicle matrix, inner hair root sheath, and hair. In catagen, cathepsins were mainly observed in un-apoptosis inner root sheath and outer root sheath. Expression of cathepsins B-mRNA and L-mRNA was decreased from anagen and catagen to telogen. Cathepsin D-mRNA was increased in catagen and then decreased in telogen. Cathepsin E-mRNA was decreased in catagen and slightly increased in telogen. Conclusions: The distribution and expression of cathepsins B, D, L, and E in hair follicle changed with hair growth process which indicated that cathepsins might act as selectable biomarkers of hair cycle in different stages.

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