scholarly journals Visible light and human skin pigmentation: The importance of skin phototype

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Moreiras ◽  
Clare O’Connor ◽  
Mike Bell ◽  
Desmond J. Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Skin Phototype

Impact of Iron-Oxide Containing Formulations Against Visible Light-Induced Skin Pigmentation in Skin of Color Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 712-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hawasatu Dumbuya ◽  
Pearl Grimes ◽  
Stephen Lynch ◽  
Kalli Ji ◽  
Manisha Brahmachary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Skin Pigmentation

Signatures of Positive Selection in Genes Associated with Human Skin Pigmentation as Revealed from Analyses of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

2007 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Lao ◽  
J. M. de Gruijter ◽  
K. van Duijn ◽  
A. Navarro ◽  
M. Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Positive Selection ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide

scholarly journals Photoprotection and Skin Pigmentation: Melanin-Related Molecules and Some Other New Agents Obtained from Natural Sources

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Solano
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Skin Lightening

Direct sun exposure is one of the most aggressive factors for human skin. Sun radiation contains a range of the electromagnetic spectrum including UV light. In addition to the stratospheric ozone layer filtering the most harmful UVC, human skin contains a photoprotective pigment called melanin to protect from UVB, UVA, and blue visible light. This pigment is a redox UV-absorbing agent and functions as a shield to prevent direct UV action on the DNA of epidermal cells. In addition, melanin indirectly scavenges reactive oxygenated species (ROS) formed during the UV-inducing oxidative stress on the skin. The amounts of melanin in the skin depend on the phototype. In most phenotypes, endogenous melanin is not enough for full protection, especially in the summertime. Thus, photoprotective molecules should be added to commercial sunscreens. These molecules should show UV-absorbing capacity to complement the intrinsic photoprotection of the cutaneous natural pigment. This review deals with (a) the use of exogenous melanin or melanin-related compounds to mimic endogenous melanin and (b) the use of a number of natural compounds from plants and marine organisms that can act as UV filters and ROS scavengers. These agents have antioxidant properties, but this feature usually is associated to skin-lightening action. In contrast, good photoprotectors would be able to enhance natural cutaneous pigmentation. This review examines flavonoids, one of the main groups of these agents, as well as new promising compounds with other chemical structures recently obtained from marine organisms.

Disorders of pigmentation

2010 ◽  
pp. 4656-4664
Author(s):  
Eugene Healy
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Normal Human Skin ◽  
Melanin Pigmentation ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Reflection Of Light

Normal human skin colour results from the reflection of light from haemoglobin in blood, and carotenoids and melanin pigmentation in skin. The melanin pigmentation is the major component determining differences in skin colour between races. Increases and decreases in skin pigmentation (hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, respectively) may be localized or generalized, can result from a wide variety of physiological or pathological processes, including both genetic and acquired factors, and may reflect underlying systemic disease....

scholarly journals Orally administered mixed carotenoids protect human skin against ultraviolet A‐induced skin pigmentation: A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhir M. Baswan ◽  
Alessandra Marini ◽  
Allison E. Klosner ◽  
Thomas Jaenicke ◽  
Jesse Leverett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo

Infrared plus visible light and heat from natural sunlight participate in the expression of MMPs and type I procollagen as well as infiltration of inflammatory cell in human skin in vivo

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyun Cho ◽  
Min Jung Lee ◽  
Mi Sun Kim ◽  
Serah Lee ◽  
Yoon Kyung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Type I ◽  
Natural Sunlight ◽  
Type I Procollagen

The Evolutionary History of Human Skin Pigmentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals How hormones may modulate human skin pigmentation in melasma: An in vitro perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Cario
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Pigmentation

scholarly journals Human skin pigmentation, migration and disease susceptibility

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1590) ◽  
pp. 785-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina G. Jablonski ◽  
George Chaplin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Disease Risks ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
The Tropics

Human skin pigmentation evolved as a compromise between the conflicting physiological demands of protection against the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and photosynthesis of UVB-dependent vitamin D 3 . Living under high UVR near the equator, ancestral Homo sapiens had skin rich in protective eumelanin. Dispersals outside of the tropics were associated with positive selection for depigmentation to maximize cutaneous biosynthesis of pre-vitamin D 3 under low and highly seasonal UVB conditions. In recent centuries, migrations and high-speed transportation have brought many people into UVR regimes different from those experienced by their ancestors and, accordingly, exposed them to new disease risks. These have been increased by urbanization and changes in diet and lifestyle. Three examples—nutritional rickets, multiple sclerosis (MS) and cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM)—are chosen to illustrate the serious health effects of mismatches between skin pigmentation and UVR. The aetiology of MS in particular provides insight into complex and contingent interactions of genetic and environmental factors necessary to trigger lethal disease states. Low UVB levels and vitamin D deficiencies produced by changes in location and lifestyle pose some of the most serious disease risks of the twenty-first century.

Influence of skin color in the development of erlotinib-induced rash: A report from the SERIES clinic

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9127-9127 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Lai ◽  
L. Minnelly ◽  
P. O'Keeffe ◽  
A. Rademaker ◽  
J. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Egfr Inhibitor ◽  
Skin Sensitivity ◽  
Independent Predictive Factor ◽  
Cutaneous Side Effects ◽  
Egfr Inhibition ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Skin Phototype

9127 Background: A papulopustular reaction occurs in 68–75% of patients undergoing treatment with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib, necessitating dose modification or interruption in 14% and 12% of patients, respectively. Based on preclinical data showing that EGFR inhibition in the skin may potentiate the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, sun protection is generally advocated. Because the level of melanin, a biological pigment in the epidermis, correlates with increased intrinsic protection against the harmful effects of UVR, we hypothesized that lower levels of skin pigmentation would be associated with higher frequency and severity of erlotinib rash. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 42 patients undergoing erlotinib therapy to characterize the relationship between skin sensitivity to UVR and severity of EGFR inhibitor rash. Skin sensitivity to UVR was categorized using the Fitzpatrick skin phototype (SPT) classification scheme, and individuals were grouped in phototypes I/II, III/IV, and V/VI. Grading of rash was performed using the NCI-CTC criteria version 2.0 and 3.0. Results: Patients with SPT I/II developed rash grades 0 (6%), 1/2 (31%), and 3/4 (63%), whereas patients with skin phototype III/IV had rash grade 0 (26%), 1/2 (68%), and 3/4 (5%). Patients with SPT V/VI had rash grade 0 (43%), 1/2 (57%), and 3/4 (0%). Lower skin phototypes had higher grade rash (p=0.0006 by Fisher's exact test). Conclusions: Management of cutaneous side effects from EGFR inhibitors is important in order to achieve maximal patient compliance and anti-cancer therapeutic benefit, and the correlation between rash and survival underscores maintaining patients on therapy. The results of this study suggest that SPT may be an independent predictive factor for EGFR inhibitor-induced skin toxicities, thus impacting pre-therapy counseling and early intervention. [Table: see text]

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