scholarly journals Resource availability and disturbance shape maximum tree height across the Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-189
Author(s):  
Eric B. Gorgens ◽  
Matheus H. Nunes ◽  
Tobias Jackson ◽  
David Coomes ◽  
Michael Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Maximum Tree Height

scholarly journals Cloth simulation-based construction of pit-free canopy height models from airborne LiDAR data

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuming Zhang ◽  
Shangshu Cai ◽  
Xinlian Liang ◽  
Jie Shao ◽  
Ronghai Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Cloth Simulation ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Maximum Tree Height ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background The universal occurrence of randomly distributed dark holes (i.e., data pits appearing within the tree crown) in LiDAR-derived canopy height models (CHMs) negatively affects the accuracy of extracted forest inventory parameters. Methods We develop an algorithm based on cloth simulation for constructing a pit-free CHM. Results The proposed algorithm effectively fills data pits of various sizes whilst preserving canopy details. Our pit-free CHMs derived from point clouds at different proportions of data pits are remarkably better than those constructed using other algorithms, as evidenced by the lowest average root mean square error (0.4981 m) between the reference CHMs and the constructed pit-free CHMs. Moreover, our pit-free CHMs show the best performance overall in terms of maximum tree height estimation (average bias = 0.9674 m). Conclusion The proposed algorithm can be adopted when working with different quality LiDAR data and shows high potential in forestry applications.

scholarly journals Variation of Maximum Tree Height and Annual Shoot Growth of Smith Fir at Various Elevations in the Sygera Mountains, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e31725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafeng Wang ◽  
Katarina Čufar ◽  
Dieter Eckstein ◽  
Eryuan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Southeastern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Annual Shoot ◽  
Maximum Tree Height

Vertical stratification and effects of crown damage on maximum tree height in mixed conifer–broadleaf forests of Yakushima Island, southern Japan

Plant Ecology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 211 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Ishii ◽  
Atsushi Takashima ◽  
Naoki Makita ◽  
Shigejiro Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Vertical Stratification ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Yakushima Island ◽  
Southern Japan ◽  
Maximum Tree Height

Forests of the ultramafic mount Giting-Giting, Sibuyan Island, the Philippines

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Proctor ◽  
G. C. Argent ◽  
D. A. Madulid
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Maximum Tree Height ◽  
High Representation

Mount Giting-Giting is an ultramafic mountain on Sibuyan Island, Romblon Province, Republic of the Philippines. It was studied along the Mayo's Peak Ridge which had rainforest from about 200m up to c. 1550m. The grassland and scrub vegetation from 1550m to the summit (2050m) of Giting-Giting was not explored. The mean annual rainfall at the base of the mountain was c.2100mm which included a dry season around February and March. There was a notable increase in wind speed with altitude and there was about one hurricane (called a cyclone in the Philippines) per year. Analyses showed that the soils are acid ( 4.4–5.5), and have relatively low concentrations of Olsen extractable phosphorus (0.22–2.07μg g−1), low exchangeable potassium (0.04–0.41mEq 100g−1), and relatively low (for ultramafic soils) Mg/Ca quotients (0.31–2.87) and exchangeable nickel (1.0-23.8μg g−1). Coupled plots (of 0.25 or 0.04ha) were studied at altitudes from 325m to 1540m. All trees ≥ 10cm dbh were enumerated and structural features of the trees and smaller plants were quantified. The forests were all of fairly small stature (maximum tree height 24m) but dense (up to 2180 trees ha−1 in Lower Montane Forest (LMF) and up to 880 ha−1 in Upper Montane Forest (UMF)). While different taxa could be readily recognized, specific determinations were often impossible from the mainly sterile specimens. The LMF was species rich with up to at least 111 species of tree (≥ 10cm dbh) per 0.25-ha plot. There was no family clearly dominant in the two lower plots at 325m and 385m (where the Dipterocarpaceae were probably reduced by logging). At 770m and 860m the Dipterocarpaceae accounted for 12.9% and 14.7% of the basal area respectively. There was a surprisingly high representation of the Sapotaceae (25.9% of the basal area) at 1240m. At 1540m, the Araucariaceae (Agathis sp.) dominated one plot (37.1% of the basal area) and the Myrtaceae the other (72.4%).

scholarly journals TREE STRATIFICATION BASED ON ERUPTION DAMAGE LEVEL IN MOUNT MERAPI NATIONAL PARK YOGYAKARTA INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Inggita Utami ◽  
Radhitiya Anjar Pramana Putra ◽  
Muhammad Saputra Wibowo ◽  
Febriant Isabella Yusuf ◽  
Fahmiatul Husna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Damage Area ◽  
Vegetation Parameters ◽  
Maximum Tree Height ◽  
Heavy Damage

Mount Merapi’s eruption has caused damage to the forests in the Mount Merapi National Park (MMNP). Nine years after the eruption, the vertical structure of vegetation can illustrate the progress of succession. This study aimed to analyze the tree composition and stratification in different forest damage levels after the 2010 Merapi eruption. The study was conducted in March 2019 at three stations, namely station A (heavy damage area), station B (moderate damage area), and station C (minor damage area). Vegetation parameters in each station were taken in a 10x100 plot and were processed using a tree profile diagram. Abiotic parameters were measured in each plot and analyzed using the correlation test. The results showed that the three stations were still dominated by the tree in Stratum C, but the tree density and tree height varied in proportion to the damage level. Station A in the heavy damage area has the lowest tree density (23 trees/0.1 ha) with a maximum tree height of 12 meters, in contrast to Station C in the minor damage area with tree density reaching 195 trees/0.1 ha and maximum tree height reaching 30 meters. Nine years after the Mount Merapi big eruption, the MMNP forests in Yogyakarta Province are still classified as young secondary forests.  Key words: diagram, profile, succession, structure, vertical

scholarly journals Mapping Maximum Tree Height of the Great Khingan Mountain, Inner Mongolia Using the Allometric Scaling and Resource Limitations Model

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Yuli Shi ◽  
Sungho Choi ◽  
Xiliang Ni ◽  
Ranga B. Myneni
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Metabolic Scaling ◽  
Resource Limitations ◽  
Maximum Tree Height

Maximum tree height is an important indicator of forest vegetation in understanding the properties of plant communities. In this paper, we estimated regional maximum tree heights across the forest of the Great Khingan Mountain in Inner Mongolia with the allometric scaling and resource limitations model. The model integrates metabolic scaling theory and the water–energy balance equation (Penman–Monteith equation) to predict maximum tree height constrained by local resource availability. Monthly climate data, including precipitation, wind speed, vapor pressure, air temperature, and solar radiation are inputs of this model. Ground measurements, such as tree heights, diameters at breast height, and crown heights, have been used to compute the parameters of the model. In addition, Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) data is used to verify the results of model prediction. We found that the prediction of regional maximum tree heights is highly correlated with the GLAS tree heights (R2 = 0.64, RMSE = 2.87 m, MPSE = 12.45%). All trees are between 10 to 40 m in height, and trees in the north are taller than those in the south of the region of research. Furthermore, we analyzed the sensitivity of the input variables and found the model predictions are most sensitive to air temperature and vapor pressure.

scholarly journals Environmental harshness drives spatial heterogeneity in biotic resistance

NeoBiota ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 87-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basil V. Iannone III ◽  
Kevin M. Potter ◽  
Qinfeng Guo ◽  
Insu Jo ◽  
Christopher M. Oswalt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Native Trees ◽  
Evolutionary Relatedness ◽  
Maximum Tree Height

Ecological communities often exhibit greater resistance to biological invasions when these communities consist of species that are not closely related. The effective size of this resistance, however, varies geographically. Here we investigate the drivers of this heterogeneity in the context of known contributions of native trees to the resistance of forests in the eastern United States of America to plant invasions. Using 42,626 spatially referenced forest community observations, we quantified spatial heterogeneity in relationships between evolutionary relatedness amongst native trees and both invasive plant species richness and cover. We then modelled the variability amongst the 91 ecological sections of our study area in the slopes of these relationships in response to three factors known to affect invasion and evolutionary relationships –environmental harshness (as estimated via tree height), relative tree density and environmental variability. Invasive species richness and cover declined in plots having less evolutionarily related native trees. The degree to which they did, however, varied considerably amongst ecological sections. This variability was explained by an ecological section’s mean maximum tree height and, to a lesser degree, SD in maximum tree height (R2GLMM = 0.47 to 0.63). In general, less evolutionarily related native tree communities better resisted overall plant invasions in less harsh forests and in forests where the degree of harshness was more homogenous. These findings can guide future investigations aimed at identifying the mechanisms by which evolutionary relatedness of native species affects exotic species invasions and the environmental conditions under which these effects are most pronounced.

Altitudinal zonation of rain forest on Bukit Belalong, Brunei: soils, forest structure and floristics

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin A. Pendry ◽  
John Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest ◽  
Altitudinal Zonation ◽  
Maximum Tree Height ◽  
Number Of Individuals

ABSTRACTBukit Belalong, Brunei, is a small mountain (913 m) of uniform shale lithology with continuous primary rain forest from its base to its summit. Three 0.25 ha plots were established at each of three altitudes (200, 500 and 850 m) to investigate the altitudinal zonation of the soils and the vegetation. One soil profile from each altitude is described and chemical analyses of the soils indicate that they are similar at all altitudes. In each plot all trees ≥10 cm dbh were measured and identified as far as possible. Maximum tree height was greatest at 200 m (60 m) and least at 850 m (33 m). Tree density (number of individuals ha−1) increased with altitude. The forest at 850 m was the most species- and family-rich, but since the ratio of species to individuals did not vary significantly among altitudes, the higher species richness is attributed partly to the larger number of trees sampled. The Dipterocarpaceae was the most important family in terms of basal area at all altitudes, but its proportion of basal area was much smaller at 850 m than at the other altitudes. The Dipterocarpaceae was the most diverse family at 200 m and 500 m, but at 850 m its diversity was exceeded by the Lauraceae, Myrtaceae and Euphorbiaceae and equalled by the Clusiaceae. The forests at 200 m and 500 m are classified as lowland rain forest and that at 850 m is classified as a lower montane forest.

Enhancing gap model accuracy by modeling dynamic height growth and dynamic maximum tree height

2012 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Rasche ◽  
Lorenz Fahse ◽  
Andreas Zingg ◽  
Harald Bugmann
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Gap Model ◽  
Model Accuracy ◽  
Dynamic Height ◽  
Maximum Tree Height

Prediction of groundwater depth in an arid region based on maximum tree height

2019 ◽  
Vol 574 ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Dong Yang ◽  
Ya-Dong Qie ◽  
De-Xiong Teng ◽  
Arshad Ali ◽  
Yilu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Groundwater Depth ◽  
Maximum Tree Height
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