Unrecognized threat to global soil carbon by a widespread invasive species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. O’Bryan ◽  
Nicholas R. Patton ◽  
Jim Hone ◽  
Jesse S. Lewis ◽  
Violeta Berdejo‐Espinola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Global Soil

scholarly journals Sensitivity of global soil carbon stocks to combined nutrient enrichment

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 936-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Crowther ◽  
C. Riggs ◽  
E. M. Lind ◽  
E. T. Borer ◽  
E. W. Seabloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Nutrient Enrichment ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks

Warming‐induced global soil carbon loss attenuated by downward carbon movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 7242-7254
Author(s):  
Zhongkui Luo ◽  
Yiqi Luo ◽  
Guocheng Wang ◽  
Jianyang Xia ◽  
Changhui Peng
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Global Soil

scholarly journals Causes of variation in soil carbon simulations from CMIP5 Earth system models and comparison with observations

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1717-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. O. Todd-Brown ◽  
J. T. Randerson ◽  
W. M. Post ◽  
F. M. Hoffman ◽  
C. Tarnocai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks ◽  
Reduced Complexity ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. Stocks of soil organic carbon represent a large component of the carbon cycle that may participate in climate change feedbacks, particularly on decadal and centennial timescales. For Earth system models (ESMs), the ability to accurately represent the global distribution of existing soil carbon stocks is a prerequisite for accurately predicting future carbon–climate feedbacks. We compared soil carbon simulations from 11 model centers to empirical data from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) and the Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database (NCSCD). Model estimates of global soil carbon stocks ranged from 510 to 3040 Pg C, compared to an estimate of 1260 Pg C (with a 95% confidence interval of 890–1660 Pg C) from the HWSD. Model simulations for the high northern latitudes fell between 60 and 820 Pg C, compared to 500 Pg C (with a 95% confidence interval of 380–620 Pg C) for the NCSCD and 290 Pg C for the HWSD. Global soil carbon varied 5.9 fold across models in response to a 2.6-fold variation in global net primary productivity (NPP) and a 3.6-fold variation in global soil carbon turnover times. Model–data agreement was moderate at the biome level (R2 values ranged from 0.38 to 0.97 with a mean of 0.75); however, the spatial distribution of soil carbon simulated by the ESMs at the 1° scale was not well correlated with the HWSD (Pearson correlation coefficients less than 0.4 and root mean square errors from 9.4 to 20.8 kg C m−2). In northern latitudes where the two data sets overlapped, agreement between the HWSD and the NCSCD was poor (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.33), indicating uncertainty in empirical estimates of soil carbon. We found that a reduced complexity model dependent on NPP and soil temperature explained much of the 1° spatial variation in soil carbon within most ESMs (R2 values between 0.62 and 0.93 for 9 of 11 model centers). However, the same reduced complexity model only explained 10% of the spatial variation in HWSD soil carbon when driven by observations of NPP and temperature, implying that other drivers or processes may be more important in explaining observed soil carbon distributions. The reduced complexity model also showed that differences in simulated soil carbon across ESMs were driven by differences in simulated NPP and the parameterization of soil heterotrophic respiration (inter-model R2 = 0.93), not by structural differences between the models. Overall, our results suggest that despite fair global-scale agreement with observational data and moderate agreement at the biome scale, most ESMs cannot reproduce grid-scale variation in soil carbon and may be missing key processes. Future work should focus on improving the simulation of driving variables for soil carbon stocks and modifying model structures to include additional processes.

Study on Environmental Materials with the Influence of Soil Carbon of Temperate Forests along an Altitude Gradient

2013 ◽  
Vol 676 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Qiu Xiang Tian ◽  
Hong Bo He ◽  
Xu Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Altitude Gradient ◽  
The North ◽  
Environmental Materials ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Global Carbon

Forests cover 30% of global land area and maintain 73% of global soil carbon which is important to the global carbon cycle. In forest ecosystem, climate was expected to affect the quality and quantity of environmental materials (detritus) inputs to soil and soil chemical and physical processes which then affected carbon storage technically. Thus, altitude provided a wonderful site for this environmental research. We collected five soils along the altitudinal gradient on the Changbai Mountain in the North Temperate Zone to analyze the soil properties and carbon content. The results showed the highest SOC content was observed at lowest altitude for the larger plants residues (environmental materials). Except the lowest altitude, the amount of SOC increased with altitude for the low decomposition under the cold temperature. Multiple environmental factors (such as soil type, topography and vegetation) were thought to regulate SOC technically.

scholarly journals The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database: spatially distributed datasets of soil coverage and soil carbon storage in the northern permafrost regions

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 707-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hugelius ◽  
C. Tarnocai ◽  
G. Broll ◽  
J. G. Canadell ◽  
P. Kuhry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Permafrost Regions

Abstract. High latitude terrestrial ecosystems are key components in the global carbon (C) cycle. Estimates of global soil organic carbon (SOC), however, do not include updated estimates of SOC storage in permafrost-affected soils or representation of the unique pedogenic processes that affect these soils. The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database (NCSCD) was developed to quantify the SOC stocks in the circumpolar permafrost region (18.7 × 106 km2). The NCSCD is a polygon-based digital database compiled from harmonized regional soil classification maps in which data on soil order coverage has been linked to pedon data (n = 1647) from the northern permafrost regions to calculate SOC content and mass. In addition, new gridded datasets at different spatial resolutions have been generated to facilitate research applications using the NCSCD (standard raster formats for use in Geographic Information Systems and Network Common Data Form files common for applications in numerical models). This paper describes the compilation of the NCSCD spatial framework, the soil sampling and soil analyses procedures used to derive SOC content in pedons from North America and Eurasia and the formatting of the digital files that are available online. The potential applications and limitations of the NCSCD in spatial analyses are also discussed. The database has the doi:10.5879/ecds/00000001. An open access data-portal with all the described GIS-datasets is available online at: http://dev1.geo.su.se/bbcc/dev/ncscd/.

scholarly journals The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database: spatially distributed datasets of soil coverage and soil carbon storage in the northern permafrost regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hugelius ◽  
C. Tarnocai ◽  
G. Broll ◽  
J. G. Canadell ◽  
P. Kuhry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Permafrost Regions

Abstract. High-latitude terrestrial ecosystems are key components in the global carbon (C) cycle. Estimates of global soil organic carbon (SOC), however, do not include updated estimates of SOC storage in permafrost-affected soils or representation of the unique pedogenic processes that affect these soils. The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database (NCSCD) was developed to quantify the SOC stocks in the circumpolar permafrost region (18.7 × 106 km2). The NCSCD is a polygon-based digital database compiled from harmonized regional soil classification maps in which data on soil order coverage have been linked to pedon data (n = 1778) from the northern permafrost regions to calculate SOC content and mass. In addition, new gridded datasets at different spatial resolutions have been generated to facilitate research applications using the NCSCD (standard raster formats for use in geographic information systems and Network Common Data Form files common for applications in numerical models). This paper describes the compilation of the NCSCD spatial framework, the soil sampling and soil analytical procedures used to derive SOC content in pedons from North America and Eurasia and the formatting of the digital files that are available online. The potential applications and limitations of the NCSCD in spatial analyses are also discussed. The database has the doi:10.5879/ecds/00000001. An open access data portal with all the described GIS-datasets is available online at: http://www.bbcc.su.se/data/ncscd/.

PROcess-guided deep learning and DAta-driven modelling (PRODA) uncovers key mechanisms underlying global soil carbon storage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Tao ◽  
Yuanyuan Huang ◽  
Bruce A. Hungate ◽  
Xingjie Lu ◽  
Toby D. Hocking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Soil Carbon Storage ◽  
Community Land Model ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Primary Driver

<p>Soil carbon storage is a vital ecosystem service. Yet mechanisms that regulate global soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics remain elusive. Here we explicitly retrieve the spatial patterns of key biogeochemical mechanisms and their regulation pathways on SOC storage using the novel PROcess-guided deep learning and Data-driven modelling (PRODA) approach. PRODA integrates data assimilation, deep learning, big data with 54,073 globally distributed vertical SOC profiles, and the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) to best represent and understand global soil carbon cycle. The PRODA-optimised CLM5 can represent 56±2% spatial variation of SOC across the world. Among all the mechanisms we explored in this study, microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) emerges as the most critical regulator of global SOC storage. Increasing CUE, where more carbon flow is channelled into stabilisation, coincides with decreasing temperature and favours SOC accrual. Global sensitivity analysis further confirms the CUE, surpassing carbon input and decomposition, as the primary driver to SOC storage and its spatial variation. An increase of CUE by 1% from its standing value will lead to an additional 76±3 petagrams global SOC accumulation. We conclude that how efficiently soil microorganisms utilise organic carbon in metabolism is central to global SOC stabilisation. Understanding detailed processes underlying CUE and its environmental dependence will be critical in accurately describing soil carbon dynamics and its feedbacks to climate change.</p>

scholarly journals Global distribution of soil organic carbon – Part 1: Masses and frequency distributions of SOC stocks for the tropics, permafrost regions, wetlands, and the world

SOIL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Köchy ◽  
R. Hiederer ◽  
A. Freibauer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Soc Stocks

Abstract. The global soil organic carbon (SOC) mass is relevant for the carbon cycle budget and thus atmospheric carbon concentrations. We review current estimates of SOC stocks and mass (stock × area) in wetlands, permafrost and tropical regions and the world in the upper 1 m of soil. The Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) v.1.2 provides one of the most recent and coherent global data sets of SOC, giving a total mass of 2476 Pg when using the original values for bulk density. Adjusting the HWSD's bulk density (BD) of soil high in organic carbon results in a mass of 1230 Pg, and additionally setting the BD of Histosols to 0.1 g cm−3 (typical of peat soils), results in a mass of 1062 Pg. The uncertainty in BD of Histosols alone introduces a range of −56 to +180 Pg C into the estimate of global SOC mass in the top 1 m, larger than estimates of global soil respiration. We report the spatial distribution of SOC stocks per 0.5 arcminutes; the areal masses of SOC; and the quantiles of SOC stocks by continents, wetland types, and permafrost types. Depending on the definition of "wetland", wetland soils contain between 82 and 158 Pg SOC. With more detailed estimates for permafrost from the Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database (496 Pg SOC) and tropical peatland carbon incorporated, global soils contain 1325 Pg SOC in the upper 1 m, including 421 Pg in tropical soils, whereof 40 Pg occurs in tropical wetlands. Global SOC amounts to just under 3000 Pg when estimates for deeper soil layers are included. Variability in estimates is due to variation in definitions of soil units, differences in soil property databases, scarcity of information about soil carbon at depths > 1 m in peatlands, and variation in definitions of "peatland".

scholarly journals Quantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming

Nature ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 540 (7631) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Crowther ◽  
K. E. O. Todd-Brown ◽  
C. W. Rowe ◽  
W. R. Wieder ◽  
J. C. Carey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Carbon Losses
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