Effects of systemic fungal endophytes on the performance of meadow fescue and tall fescue in mixtures with red clover

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dirihan ◽  
M. L. Helander ◽  
I. Saloniemi ◽  
P. E. Gundel ◽  
K. Saikkonen
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Systemic Fungal Endophytes

scholarly journals Seedling Performance Associated with Live or Herbicide Treated Tall Fescue

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Halvorson ◽  
David P. Belesky ◽  
Harry W. Godwin
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Seedling Performance ◽  
Systemic Fungal Endophytes

Tall fescue is an important forage grass which can host systemic fungal endophytes. The association of host grass and endophyte is known to influence herbivore behavior and host plant competition for resources. Establishing legumes into existing tall fescue sods is a desirable means to acquire nitrogen and enhance the nutritive value of forage for livestock production. Competition from existing tall fescue typically must be controlled to ensure interseeding success. We used a soil-on-agar method to determine if soil from intact, living (L), or an herbicide killed (K) tall fescue sward influenced germination and seedling growth of three cultivars of tall fescue (E+, MaxQ, and E−) or legumes (alfalfa, red clover, and white clover). After 30 days, seedlings were larger and present in greater numbers when grown in L soil rather than K soil. Root growth of legumes (especially white clover) and tall fescue (especially MaxQ) were not as vigorous in K soil as L soil. While shoot biomass was similar for all cultivars of tall fescue in L soil, MaxQ produced less herbage when grown in K soil. Our data suggest establishing legumes or fescue cultivars may not be improved by first killing the existing fescue sod and seedling performance can exhibit significant interseasonal variation, related only to soil conditions.

A REVIEW OF 10 YEARS' RESEARCH WITH RED CLOVERS UNDER GRAZING IN SOUTHLAND

1989 ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
R.J.M. Hay ◽  
D.L. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Heavy Weight ◽  
Widespread Acceptance ◽  
Summer Growth

In a series of trials at Grasslands Gore, over 10 years, the late-flowering tetraploid red clover 'Grassland Pawera' was more productive and persistent than other red clover cultivars. The strong summer growth of Pawera meets the need for heavy-weight lamb feed and high quality forage for conservation in intensive sheep farming systems in Southland. Lenient. infrequent defoliation is necessary to maximise DM production and persistence of Pawera. The most compatible of the grasses evaluated was 'Grasslands Roa' tall fescue. However, 'Grasslands Nui' ryegrass will still be the major grass sown with Pawera owing to its widespread acceptance. In ryegrass mixtures, sowing rates of 5-7 kg/ha of red clover were needed to optimise establishment and subsequent yield. Evidence of oestrogenic activity of Pewera to sheep prompted Grasslands Division to select within Pawera for a low formononetin cultivar. Keywords: red clover, Pawera. Hamua, Turoa. G21. G22, G27. oestrogenic activity, Nui ryegrass, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris. Southland, sheep grazing, frequency, intensity, quality. seasonal growth

Supplemental Feeding of Spring-Calving Cows on Tall Fescue or Tall Fescue-Red Clover Pastures

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Ellis ◽  
R. E. Morrow ◽  
G. B. Garner ◽  
J. A. Stricker ◽  
M. R. Ellersieck
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Supplemental Feeding

scholarly journals Testing of new cultivars of perennial grasses in year of sowing

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Zorica Tomic ◽  
Z. Nesic ◽  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
Miroslav Zujovic ◽  
M. Vorkapic
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Precipitation Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Cultivars

Testing of new cultivars of perennial grasses cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Huds.) was carried out on experimental field of the Institute for Animal Husbandry in year 2005. Trial was set according to random block system, on 10m2, soil type carbonate chernozem. Climatic conditions in year of sowing were at the level of average values for several years for daily temperature, 12,40C compared to 12,10C, and for precipitation difference was even greater 831,6mm compared to average calculated for several years of 645,2mm. Main morphological and phenological traits of plants were investigated, plant growth, height at 1st cut, plant regeneration after 10 days, as well as production of green mass and dry matter. All five cocksfoot cultivars had considerably higher yields per cuts, total (2,12-2,69 t ha-1). Two cultivars of meadow fescue showed no significant difference in yield of dry matter (1,84-2,03 t ha-1), whereas cultivars of tall fescue differed highly significantly in this regard (1,84-1,62 t ha-1). Also, main parameters of plant quality, organic matter, content of crude protein, crude fibre and crude fat in the 2nd cut were determined. Investigated cultivars of cocksfoot and tall fescue differed significantly, whereas cultivars of meadow fescue were very similar. Obtained results were processed using variation statistical methods and mean values were tested using LSD test.

scholarly journals FORAGES AND PASTURES SYMPOSIUM: Fungal endophytes of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass: Pasture friend or foe?12

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 2379-2394 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Young ◽  
D. E. Hume ◽  
R. L. McCulley
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Fungal Endophytes

Incidence and Diversity of Neotyphodium Fungal Endophytes in Tall Fescue from Morocco, Tunisia, and Sardinia

Crop Science ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 570-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Clement ◽  
L.R. Elberson ◽  
N.N. Youssef ◽  
C.M. Davitt ◽  
R.P. Doss
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Fungal Endophytes

Compositional changes over four years for binary mixtures of grass species grown with white clover

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. McKenzie ◽  
Y. A. Papadopoulos ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
E. Butt
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Reed Canarygrass

Kentucky bluegrass, meadow fescue, orchardgrass, tall fescue, timothy, and reed canarygrass were seeded in all possible two-grass combinations with white clover in conventional and underseeded barley treatments using a split-plot design at the Western Agriculture Centre near Pynn’s Brook, NL. The objectives were: (1) to assess dry matter yield (DMY) of two binary grass species when sown with white clover in mixtures under a system with cuttings at similar crop growth stages as rotational grazing and to assess the effect of underseeding to barley on this system; (2) to identify mixtures that enhance herbage distribution throughout the grazing season; and (3) to assess the sward dynamics over successive cropping seasons. The composition of the binary grass mixtures with white clover affected seasonal DMY, seasonal herbage distribution, and sward dynamics over the production years. Orchardgrass in mixtures decreased DMY, shifted the herbage distribution toward early season, and competed with other species. Timothy composition of the stand showed the largest decline over the 3 production years, whereas white clover declined in mixtures with bluegrass, orchardgrass, or tall fescue. Meadow fescue and reed canarygrass with white clover was the most productive mixture with excellent persistence and good yield distribution over the growing season. Orchardgrass was the least compatible species in the mixtures; it dominated first growth and contributed the least to biomass production in later years. Both bluegrass and reed canarygrass performed well in mixtures over the 3 production years; bluegrass appeared to enhance the performance of the other species during summer regrowth whereas reed canarygrass was superior in the later part of the growing season. Underseeding with barley did not affect white clover yield in any production year but detrimentally affected the yield of orchardgrass and meadow fescue in mixtures, and their seasonal distribution. Key words: Bluegrass, orchardgrass, meadow fescue, tall fescue, timothy, reed canarygrass, repeated measurements, principal component analysis, herbage DM distribution, species competition

scholarly journals Genetically based vertical transmission drives the frequency of the symbiosis between grasses and systemic fungal endophytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Gibert ◽  
Laurent Hazard
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Systemic Fungal Endophytes
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