scholarly journals Testing of new cultivars of perennial grasses in year of sowing

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Zorica Tomic ◽  
Z. Nesic ◽  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
Miroslav Zujovic ◽  
M. Vorkapic
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Precipitation Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Cultivars

Testing of new cultivars of perennial grasses cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Huds.) was carried out on experimental field of the Institute for Animal Husbandry in year 2005. Trial was set according to random block system, on 10m2, soil type carbonate chernozem. Climatic conditions in year of sowing were at the level of average values for several years for daily temperature, 12,40C compared to 12,10C, and for precipitation difference was even greater 831,6mm compared to average calculated for several years of 645,2mm. Main morphological and phenological traits of plants were investigated, plant growth, height at 1st cut, plant regeneration after 10 days, as well as production of green mass and dry matter. All five cocksfoot cultivars had considerably higher yields per cuts, total (2,12-2,69 t ha-1). Two cultivars of meadow fescue showed no significant difference in yield of dry matter (1,84-2,03 t ha-1), whereas cultivars of tall fescue differed highly significantly in this regard (1,84-1,62 t ha-1). Also, main parameters of plant quality, organic matter, content of crude protein, crude fibre and crude fat in the 2nd cut were determined. Investigated cultivars of cocksfoot and tall fescue differed significantly, whereas cultivars of meadow fescue were very similar. Obtained results were processed using variation statistical methods and mean values were tested using LSD test.

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF PERENNIAL GRASSES UNDER SHEEP GRAZING ON THE CENTRAL PLATEAU

1983 ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
N.S. Percival ◽  
F.R. Duder
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Small Reduction ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Details are given on the production and survival over four years of five perennial grasses under rotational sheep-grazing on a pumice soil. The comparison involved three perennial ryegrasses ('Grasslands Nui and Ruanui', and Yates Ellett), and mixtures of Ellett with 'Grasslands Roa' tall fescue and Ellett with 'Grasslands Maru' phalaris. All pastures were sown with white and red clovers. Annual dry matter yields from Nui and Ellett pastures were similar, at about 6,500 kg/ha. Ruanui pastures were on average 600 kg/ha lower. The pastures containing tall fescue and phalaris were similar to Ellett. The major seasonal yield effects were in autumn and winter, when Ruanui pastures were substantially poorer than those with Nui and Ellett. Ryegrass yield of Ellett pasture was greater than Nui, and Nui was greater than Ruanui at all seasons. Ellett ryagrass was a higher proportion of the total yield at all times, and had higher tiller populations than Nui and Ruanui. Neither tall fescue or phalaris were, able to compete with Ellett ryegrass. It is suggested that neither of these be sown with ryegrass. Clover yields were higher in Ruanui than Ellett pastures, with Nui intermediate. The use of Nui, Ellett and Ruanui ryegrasses is related to the problems of seasonal distribution and total annual yields of pastures on the Central Plateau. It is suggested using Nui or Ellett as the base for perennial pastures will give substantial increases in production. Ellett ryegrass had higher survival than Nui which was considered an advantage, though this was achieved at the expense of a small reduction in clover vields. Keywords: Perennial ryegrass, Ellett, Nui, Ruanui, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris, canary grass, sheep grazing, central North Island, Central Plateau, grass grub, Argentine stem weevil, Lolium endophyte.

A survey of the analytical composition of field beans (Vicia faba L.)

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Eden
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Field Beans ◽  
Matter Basis

SUMMARYStudies were made of the proximate and mineral compositions of modern strains of both spring· and winter-sown beans. The majority of the winter beans were of the Throws M.S. variety, of the spring beans Minors. On the dry-matter basis spring beans averaged 31·4% crude.protein, winter beans 26·5%—a highly significant difference. The true protein values showed a parallel trend. Winter beans averaged 9% crude fibre, spring beans 8%, again a highly significant difference. The strains confirmed the usually accepted levels of oil and of the principal mineral components, except that modern beans appear to be richer in phosphorus.

scholarly journals ECONOMICALLY USEFUL SIGNS AND FEATURES CULTIVATION OF TETRAPLOID VARIETY MEADOW FESCUE 'BINARA'

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zolotarev
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Middle Tier ◽  
Economic Use

Due to the presence of a complex of economically useful signs, meadow fescue is one of the most popular perennial grasses in the country's feed production. To increase the effectiveness of the use of meadow fescue, it is important to develop and introduce new highly productive varieties of this crop into produc-tion practice. In the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology a tetraploid variety of meadow fescue 'Binara' was created. The higher effect of economic use of induced tetraploid varieties is due to the increased buffering of their genotype due to a higher level of intra-population hete-rosis and homeostasis. The collection of green mass of the forage crop of the 'Binara' variety exceeds the standard by 20.6% (diploid variety), dry matter — by 58%. In terms of protein content, the 'Binara' varie-ty exceeds the standard by 1.4%, in terms of carbohydrates — by 4.0%, which provides an increase in the indicators of palatability, digestibility of feed, especially in aftergrass. The palatability of the dry matter of the feed is higher than standard by 8.4%, the digestibility is 4.4%. The seed yield is 650–800 kg/ha and can reach 1000 kg/ha. The weight of 1000 seeds in the 'Binara' variety is 3.7–4.5 g versus 2.0–2.6 g in diploid varieties. Plants are differ by the gigantism of some metameric organs (generative shoots, spike-lets, leaves of the middle tier, etc.). Winter hardiness and disease resistance are stable, disease prevalence is low.

scholarly journals 254 Digestibility of sheep offered tall fescue, meadow fescue and orchardgrass grasses ensiled with slurry or commercial urea fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 92-92
Author(s):  
Jose M Diaz ◽  
K P Coffey ◽  
W K Coblentz ◽  
D Philipp ◽  
Valens Niyigena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Urea Fertilization

Abstract Silage intake by ruminants can be affected by both fertilization and forage type. The objective of this study was to evaluate digestion by sheep offered three different grasses fertilized with either urea (C) or dairy slurry (S). Plots of meadow fescue (MF), tall fescue (TF) or orchardgrass (OG) were planted on 25 July 2017, and first harvested on 29 June 2018. Plots were then fertilized with urea (52 kg N/ha) or slurry (71,150 L/ha). A second harvest was baled 6 August at approximately 57% moisture and wrapped in plastic. Eighteen lambs (59 ± 1.5 kg) were allocated randomly to one of the 6 treatment combinations to provide 3 lambs per treatment within each of 3 periods consisting of a 10-d adaptation and 7-d total fecal and urine collection. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement using PROC MIXED of SAS. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intakes (g/kg BW) were greater (P < 0.05) from MF fertilized with C than from the other forage-fertility combinations. Digestibility of DM and OM were greater (P < 0.05) from MF vs. OG, and OG vs. TF. Digestibility of OM also was greater (P < 0.05) from C vs. S. Digestible DM and OM intakes (g/kg BW) were greatest (P < 0.05) from MF fertilized with C. In addition, digestible DM intake (g/kg BW) was greater (P < 0.05) for MF fertilized with S compared to TF fertilized with C, and digestible OM intake was greater (P < 0.05) for MF fertilized with S compared to OG fertilized with S. Therefore, urea-fertilized meadow fescue may improve energy intake compared with that from orchardgrass or tall fescue, but fertilization of meadow fescue with slurry may reduce this advantage. The study was supported in part by USDA-ARS specific cooperative agreement 58-3655-4-052.

A note on the value of molasses and tapioca as energy supplements to forage for growing steers

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Ahmed ◽  
M. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Energy Supplements

SUMMARYThe intake and digestibility of diets containing dried grass supplemented with either molasses or tapioca was studied with 12 Friesian steers in two experiments, using a Latin square design. Three periods were used, each containing 3 weeks preliminary followed by a 10-day collection period. In both experiments long, artificially dried grass was given to appetite (treatment A). The other treatments in Experiment 1 were 25% molasses plus 75% dried grass (B) and 50% molasses plus 50% dried grass (C). In Experiment 2 the treatments were 21% tapioca plus 79% dried grass (D) and 42% tapioca plus 58% dried grass (E). There was no significant difference in dry matter or organic matter intake between the diets, though the intakes in both experiments tended to be lower when the dried grass was supplemented with either molasses or tapioca than when it was given alone. Nor were there any significant differences in the digestibility of dry matter or organic matter between the diets in either experiment. In both experiments the digestibility of crude fibre was significantly lower (P<0·05) when either molasses or tapioca was given with the dried grass than when the grass was offered alone.

scholarly journals Nutritional studies on East African herbivores

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Arman ◽  
D. Hopcraft
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Pelleted Food

1. A series of digestibility trials was done using four animals of each of the following species: Friesian cattle (Bos taurus), Boran zebu cattle (Bos indicus), Corriedale sheep, fattailed sheep, eland (Taurotragus oryx Pallas), Coke's hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus cokei Günther), Thomson's gazelle (Gazella thomsonii Günther) and bush duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia L.)2. Two batches of pelleted food were prepared from ground maize cobs, cassava, wheat bran, maize bran and decorticated cottonseed cake. For each batch, five diets (A–E) were prepared containing 65 (A)–135 (E) g crude protein (nitrogen × 6·25)/kg dry matter. The crude-fibre contents of all the diets were similar (120–138 g/kg dry matter)3. The animals were given the high-protein diet (E), then given diets with decreasing protein contents finishing with the low-protein diet (A). The antelope and half the sheep were given diets from the first batch of pelleted food, the other four sheep and all the cattle were given diets from the second batch of food4. In sheep, there were significant differences in digestibility between the two batches of food5. There were no significant differences in the over-all mean digestibilities of all diets when given to cattle (both species) and sheep. However, with diet E, dry-matter digestibility was higher in sheep than in cattle (P < 0·05): the reverse was true with diet A (P < 0·001). Crude-fibre and crude-protein digestibilities followed a similar pattern. The differences between Corriedale and fat-tailed sheep were not significant. The only significant difference between the two species of cattle was the higher digestibility of crude protein in Borans given diet E (P < 0·05)6. The over-all mean digestibility of the dry matter was higher (P < 0·001) in hartebeest and duiker than in sheep; in Thomson's gazelle (P < 0·01) and eland (P < 0·001) it was lower than in sheep. The values for crude-fibre digestibilities varied in a similar way7. The mean apparent digestibility of crude protein was higher (P < 0·001) in eland, hartebeest and duiker than in sheep and gazelle8. The results are discussed in relation to the feeding habits and digestive physiology of the various species.

The influence of sowing method on perennial grass establishment. I. Dry matter yield and botanical composition

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
WD Bellotti ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Effect On Yield

'Demeter' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and 'Victorian' perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were sown separately into a white clover (Trifolium repens L.) dominant pasture in June 1981. Eight sowing methods were compared to assess the ability of perennial grasses to establish from direct drill sowing methods relative to conventional seedbed and aerial sowing methods. Within direct drill treatments, two drill implements were factorially combined with three herbicide treatments. Pasture production and botanical composition were sampled over a 27 month period following sowing. After a dry summer, 22 months after sowing, sown grasses dominated pasture composition (69-94% of total dry matter yield) in the high yielding treatments. At this time, the successful direct drill treatments were similar in yield to the conventional seedbed treatment. Within direct drill treatments, sowing implement had little effect on yield and composition, whereas herbicide application markedly increased sown grass yield. Pre-sowing blanket application of herbicide in the triple disc treatment increased tall fescue yield from 82 to 1504 kg ha-1 and perennial ryegrass yield from 98 to 807 kg ha-1. An inverse relationship was described between dry matter present at sowing and eventual yield of sown grasses. These perennial grasses can be successfully established by using direct drill sowing methods provided resident vegetation is adequately suppressed.

scholarly journals Specific features of formation of grass-legume mixtures of the first and second year of life in the conditions of the European North of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-384
Author(s):  
A. A. Shamanin ◽  
L. A. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
First Year ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
The North ◽  
European North ◽  
Second Year Of Life ◽  
Second Year

The studies were carried out in a field experiment in the north of the Arkhangelsk region. Under study were twocomponent grass stands of the first and second year of life, composed of cereal (meadow fescue, reed fescue) and legume grasses (meadow clover and blue alfalfa ). It has been established that in the climatic conditions of the Northern region the studied perennial grasses do not go through the full life cycle during the first year of life: meadow clover develops up to the root rosette phase, blue alfalfa – up to the branching phase, cereals ‒ to the tillering phase. In the first year, the yield is formed due to the legume component, especially meadow clover, which occupies 73 % of the structure. In the second year of life, cereal grasses increase their influence on the yield formation up to 93 %. The most productive variant in the second year was the “reed fescue + meadow clover” variant. With a higher ratio of the cereal component (67 %) in total for two mowings in comparison with the control variant "meadow fescue + meadow clover", the increase in dry matter yield was 2.81 t/ha (LSD05 = 1.46 t/ha), the output of exchange energy was 30.56 GJ/ha higher, crude protein yield increased by 0.22 t /ha. Agrophytocenoses of reed fescue and meadow clover in the first year of intensive use make it possible to obtain green fodder with the protein content in 1 kg of dry matter at the level of 114.28 g ‒ 153.33 g and sugars 133.54 g ‒ 154.65 g depending on the mowing. High loss of blue alfalfa in the grass stand is due to its weak winter hardiness and the effect of low spring temperatures during the period of the beginning of regrowth. Thus, in the conditions of the European North of Russia among legume-cereal grass stands during the first two years of life the grass mixture of meadow clover and reed fescue has been identified as perspective. There has been noted a potential for regulation the feed nutritional value (protein, sugars and fiber content) by means of grass mixture components selection.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN KIMIA SUSU KAMBING PERAH PERANAKAN ETTAWA YANG DIBERI KONSENTRAT FERMENTASI (Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Ettawa Cross Breed Goat Milk Which Was Given Fermented Concentrate)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Raden Febrianto Christi ◽  
Ana Rochana
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstrak Karakteristik fisik dan kimia susu sangat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor internal maupun eksternal diantaranya genetik, umur, bangsa, manajemen, dan pakan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Produksi Ternak Perah Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran dan Kelompok Tani Mekar Harapan, Ujung Berung, Bandung. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas kimia susu yaitu pH, kadar air, bahan kering dan sifat fisik titik beku dan titik didih yang diberi konsentrat fermentasi dalam ransum kambing peranakan ettawa. Materi yang digunakan adalah konsentrat dengan bahan limbah hasil pertanian yang mempunyai kandungan serat dan lemak tinggi, Saccaromyces cereviseae, EM 4 dan 20 ekor kambing peranakan ettawa dengan berbagai periode laktasi 2 dan 3. Metode statistik yang digunakan eksperimental yaitu rancangan acak kelompok penarikan anak contoh (subsampling) dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu R1 = Rumput lapang+100% konsentrat biasa, R2 = Rumput lapang+50% konsentrat biasa +50% konsentrat fermentasi, dan R3= Rumput lapang+100% konsentrat fermentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian rumput lapang yang ditambah konsentrat fermentasi dalam ransum menghasilkan perbedaan yang tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap pH, kadar air, bahan kering, dan titik beku susu. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini bahwa pemberian rumput lapang dan konsentrat fermentasi 100% menghasilkan nilai pH 6,83, kadar air 88,46%, bahan kering 11,54%, titik beku -0,5740C, dan titik didih 100,120C. Kata kunci : komposisi susu, kambing peranakan ettawa, konsentrat fermentasi Abstract The chemical characteristics of milk are strongly influenced by several internal and external factors including genetic, age, nation, management, and feed. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Dairy Livestock Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University and Mekar Harapan Farmers Group, Ujung Berung, Bandung. The study aimed to determine the chemical quality of milk such as pH, water content, dry matter, freezing point and boiling point which were given fermented concentrates in ettawa cross breed goat rations. The material used was concentrates with agricultural waste materials which have high fiber and fat content, Saccaromyces cereviseae, EM 4 and 20 ettawa cross breed goats with various lactation periods 2 and 3. The statistical methods used were experimental randomized block design (subsampling) with 3 treatments, namely R1 = field grass + 100% ordinary concentrate, R2 = field grass + 50% ordinary concentrate + 50% fermented concentrate, and R3 = field grass + 100% fermented concentrate. The results showed that administration of field grass plus concentrated fermentation in the ration resulted in no significant difference (P> 0.05) to pH, moisture content, dry matter, and freezing of milk. The conclusion in this study was that the provision of field grass and 100% fermented concentrate produced a pH value of 6.83, 88.46% moisture content, 11.54% dry matter, -0.5740C freezing point, and 100.120C boiling point. Keywords : compositon of milk, ettawa cross breed goat, fermented concentrate

scholarly journals The Productive Longevity Of Perennial Grasses Swards Depending On The Npk Fertilizer Rates

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
P. Berzins ◽  
S. Rancane ◽  
A. Svarta
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Grass Sward

The longevity and producing capacity of perennial grasses swards was studied on mineral soils at the LUA Research Institute of Agriculture in long-term experiment during 1974-2010. There were applied lime and mineral fertilizers with different NPK doses (0-400 kg ha-1) protractedly many years. In such way there formed soils with various content of P, K, organic matter content and pHKCl level as well. Research results showed that liming of soils and using of mineral fertilizer changed not only productivity of grass mixtures but also botanical composition. Mineral fertilizer N200P100K300 provided the highest yield of dry matter – 7.32 - 12.0 t ha-1 and optimal botanical composition of a sward during many years. On unlimed soils (pHKCL less then 4.0 in 1997) dry matter yields of grass sward was substantially lower and there was observed disappearance of seeded valuable grasses out of the sward and increase of herbs and non-seeded grasses –Festuca rubra L., Agrostis tenuis Sibth., Taraxacum officinale Wigg. and others. Liming of soils increased dry matter yield in treatments with high doses of N (300-400) fertilizer.

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