On the Passifloreae collected by M. Edouard André in Ecuador and New Granada.

1883 ◽  
Vol 20 (125) ◽  
pp. 25-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell T. Masters
Keyword(s):  
2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Bidegain

AbstractThis article analyzes aspects of the complex process that led to independence in the Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada. It focuses on the role of religion and of social actors that have not been sufficiently taken into account in traditional historiography. The latter has paid much attention to political and economic aspects, but has disregarded other important changes that propelled the independence process, profound socio-cultural transformations and events that indicate the complexity of the process. First of all, this was not just a revolution from above and the historical periodization has to be reworked as a result of the Borbonic Reforms, with their leaning toward enlightenment. We must not consider the military uprisings as the starting point of the emancipation from the Spanish crown. Even though the colonial societies did not follow the same path as the European bourgeois revolutions with their proposed liberal perspectives, important changes did indeed happen, in which all social groups were implicated. From both the religious and particularly the women's historical perspective we can see the important transformations that took place. Examples are provided of how women of the popular classes triggered the process. Likewise, women amongst the educated elite, large sectors of the Creole clergy and some educational institutions were important agents of the ideological changes, by propagating new ideas. All these, in turn, paved the way for the further diversification of the ideological and religious landscape of Latin America during the independence period.


Author(s):  
Salomón Kalmanovitz ◽  
Edwin López Rivera

AbstractThis essay shows that the growth of the economy of New Granada during the Eighteenth Century made an important impact on its political center, Santafé de Bogota, at least until 1808. Such prosperity was the result of a process of specialization and division of labor between different regions of the new kingdom, derived from the dynamics of gold mining that gave a strong impulse to Santafé's economy as a trade center for the handicraft production of Eastern Colombia and the fertile savanna surrounding it, which was a net food exporter. The Mint established in Santafé, which was a de facto monopoly, attracted merchants and miners who established there a center for the exchange of gold dust for coin.


1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-623
Author(s):  
J. León Helguera
Keyword(s):  

Memorias ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 62-92
Author(s):  
Katherinne Mora Pacheco
Keyword(s):  

Desde finales del siglo XVII, y con mayor frecuencia a partir de la década de 1770, diferentes lu-gares de la Nueva Granada se vieron asolados por sequías y plagas que incidieron en la escasez de alimentos esenciales como el trigo, el maíz, el plátano y la carne. En este artículo, las hambru-nas se reconstruyen a partir de una concepción amplia de crisis de subsistencia, que no se limita a las cifras de muertes por inanición, con frecuencia difíciles de desagregar, sino a partir de un conjunto de condiciones demográficas, económicas y de control (o descontrol) social. Las men-ciones puntuales sobre hambrunas y los indicios de crisis de subsistencia, junto con los factores propicios para generar escasez, fueron buscados en fuentes documentales diversas, que incluyen órdenes para el abasto de las ciudades, visitas civiles y eclesiásticas, diligencias de traslado de indios y disolución de resguardos, reclamos de curas por sus pagos, procesos judiciales, relaciones de mando y solicitudes de exención tributaria. La carencia de víveres varias veces coincidió con epidemias y la hambruna fue propiciada por factores como las demandas de alimentos y materias primas impuestas por las principales ciudades, la inexistencia de graneros públicos, la supresión de resguardos, la migración a los centros urbanos, y las regulaciones sobre comercio exterior.


1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernán Horna

Prior to the introduction of the steamboat on the Magdalena River during the 1820s, reaching Bogotá from the Caribbean coast required a two to five month journey. This trip included travelling in bongos (rafts) and traversing mountains on the backs of both men and beasts. Bogotá was the most isolated of all the Spanish viceregal capitals. No other viceroyalty was so dependent on river transportation as New Granada (now Colombia). Even by the late nineteenth century, travel within the country remained dreadfully difficult. In the best of weather most Colombian roads were barely suitable for mule traffic, and, whenever tropical rains poured, human carriers undertook the burden of transportation despite the fact that Colombia, following the newest American and European trends in transport innovations, built railroads to the point where they were the nation's leading technological import during the nineteenth century. The apparent futility of this modernization effort has led many scholars, both Colombians and non-Colombians, to conclude that Colombia moved directly from the age of the mule to that of the airplane.


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