VALUE OF BASAL PLASMA CORTISOL ASSAYS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF PITUITARY-ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. HÄGG ◽  
K. ASPLUND ◽  
F. LITHNER
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Basal Plasma

Frequency of hypoglycemia in children with adrenal insufficiency

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S275-S278 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Artavia-Loria ◽  
J.L. Chaussain ◽  
P.F. Bougnères ◽  
J.C. Job
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽  
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Congenital Adrenal Hypoplasia ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Adrenal Hypoplasia

Abstract The frequency of hypoglycemia in 165 children with primary adrenal insufficiency, 118 of whom had Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and 47 Addison's Disease, was 18 %. Half of the hypoglycemic episodes occurred in the neonatal period. Hypoglycemia was isolated in 13 children, revealing the disease in 4 newborns with Congenital Adrenal Hypoplasia and in a boy with 11 B Hydroxylase deficiency. Basal plasma cortisol levels were significantly lower in those of subjects who experienced hypoglycemia ( 47.1 ± 28.6 ng/ml vs. 106.0 ± 86.6 ng/ml, p< 0.001). A significant correlation ( p < 0.001) was found between the plasma concentration of glucose and cortisol at time of hypoglycemia.

Chronic physiological increases in cortisol inhibit the vasopressin response to hypertonicity in conscious dogs

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. R1342-R1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Papanek ◽  
H. Raff
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Osmotic Sensitivity ◽  
Chronic Infusion ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Arginine

Chronic increases in cortisol inhibit basal plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP). Acute pretreatment with cortisol inhibits the large increase in AVP during hypotension or hypoxia but does not inhibit the modest increase in AVP in response to hypertonic saline (HS). We evaluated the effect of a chronic increase in cortisol (physiological range) on the acute AVP response to HS. Five male dogs received a continuous infusion of either vehicle or cortisol (65 mg/day) for 7 days. The AVP response to HS (0.2 mmol.kg-1.min-1 for 30 min) was tested before infusion, on days 1, 4, and 7 of chronic infusion, and 2 days after the infusion was discontinued. Plasma cortisol increased significantly from 1.0 +/- 0.2 micrograms/dl to an average over the 7 days of infusion of 5.0 +/- 0.2 micrograms/dl, and basal plasma AVP was significantly decreased during cortisol infusion. The increase in plasma Na and osmolality during HS was unaffected by chronic infusion. HS resulted in an increase in AVP from 3.5 +/- 0.2 to 7.1 +/- 0.7 pg/ml before cortisol infusion. After 7 days of cortisol, the AVP response to HS (from 2.6 +/- 0.1 to 3.9 +/- 0.7 pg/ml) was significantly attenuated. Sustained, physiological increases in cortisol significantly inhibited osmotically stimulated AVP release. The decrease in AVP during hypercortisolism and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone in patients with adrenal insufficiency appear to be due to an inhibitory effect of cortisol on the osmotic sensitivity of the AVP control system.

scholarly journals CNS blockade of acoustic stress-induced gastric motor inhibition by kappa-opiate agonists in dogs

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (6) ◽  
pp. G802-G807 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gue ◽  
C. Honde ◽  
X. Pascaud ◽  
J. L. Junien ◽  
M. Alvinerie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Level ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Maximal Increase ◽  
Acoustic Stress ◽  
Motor Complex ◽  
Basal Plasma

The influence of the kappa-opioid substances dynorphin-(1-13), ethylketocyclazocine (EKC), and U 50488 and mu-opioid substance [D-Ala2-N-Me, p-nitro-Phe4-Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAGO) on gastric motor inhibition induced by acoustic stress (AS) was investigated in fasted dogs with strain-gauge transducers chronically implanted on the antrum and proximal jejunum. AS induced by 1 h of music (80-90 dB) was delivered through earphones. Starting 40-50 min after the last migrating motor complex (MMC), AS delayed by 114% the occurrence of the next gastric MMC, whereas intestinal motility was unaffected. During AS plasma cortisol increased (P less than 0.05) by 215%, 15 min after the beginning of noise and reached a peak at 30 min. When administered intracerebroventricularly at doses higher than 20 ng/kg, dynorphin abolished the AS-induced lengthening of the gastric MMC cycle. Similar blockade was observed for EKC and U 50488 at doses of 10 and/or 20 ng/kg, but DAGO was unable to affect the AS-induced gastric inhibition at any dosage tested (20-200 ng/kg icv). At doses effective against AS-induced hypomotility, both dynorphin-(1-13) and EKC reduced significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) the associated maximal increase in plasma cortisol level. Plasma cortisol was unmodified by intracerebroventricular administration of DAGO. None of the agonists affected basal plasma cortisol levels or the increase (0-90 min) in response to intravenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, 5 IU). Both EKC (50 ng/kg) and U 50488 (20 ng/kg) were unable to antagonize the inhibitory effect of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF, 100 ng/kg icv).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cortisol infusion depresses the ratio of bioactive to immunoreactive ACTH in adrenalectomized sheep fetuses

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. E391-E396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Zehnder ◽  
Nancy K. Valego ◽  
Jeffrey Schwartz ◽  
Jennifer Green ◽  
James C. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Basal Plasma

We examined the effects of exogenous cortisol on plasma immunoreactive adrenocorticotropic hormone (iACTH), bioactive ACTH (bACTH), and ACTH-(1—39) in nine adrenalectomized fetuses at 126–130 and 136–140 days of gestation. Fetuses received 4 h of cortisol (2 μg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) or saline infusions on consecutive days. Blood was obtained before and at intervals during infusions. Arterial blood gases and hematocrits were normal and did not change with age. Plasma cortisol did not change during saline infusions but increased significantly (range 30–70 ng/ml) during cortisol infusions. Basal plasma iACTH, bACTH, ACTH-(1—39), and bACTH-to-iACTH and ACTH-(1—39)-to-iACTH ratios were significantly higher in the older fetuses. Cortisol infusions decreased plasma iACTH, bACTH, and ACTH-(1—39) in both groups, and the suppression as a percent of the baseline was similar. The bACTH-to-iACTH ratio declined to the same level at 126–130 (0.201 ± 0.040 to 0.051 ± 0.002) and 136–140 (0.389 ± 0.088 to 0.046 ± 0.002) days of gestation. These data suggest that physiological concentrations of cortisol selectively inhibit bACTH secretion, and the ACTH response to cortisol inhibition is not different between 126 and 140 days of gestation in adrenalectomized sheep fetuses.

scholarly journals Plasma profiles of adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and growth hormone in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism before and after hypophysectomy

2006 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Hanson ◽  
H S Kooistra ◽  
J A Mol ◽  
E Teske ◽  
B P Meij
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The 6-h plasma profiles of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and GH were studied in 17 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) before and after hypophysectomy. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between the hormone profile characteristics and recurrence of PDH after surgery. The hormones were secreted in a pulsatile fashion. The basal plasma cortisol concentration and area under the curve (AUC) for cortisol were significantly higher in the PDH cases than in eight controls. The characteristics of the plasma profiles of ACTH and α-MSH were not significantly different between the PDH cases and the controls. In the PDH cases, less GH was secreted in pulses than in the controls, but the difference was not significant. The basal plasma cortisol concentration, the AUC for ACTH and cortisol, and the pulse frequency of ACTH and cortisol decreased significantly after hypophysectomy for the group of PDH cases. The basal plasma concentrations of ACTH and α-MSH, the AUC for α-MSH, and the characteristics of the plasma GH profiles of the PDH cases remained unchanged after hypophysectomy. No pulses of α-MSH were observed after hypophysectomy. The co-occurrence between the ACTH and cortisol pulses decreased significantly with hypophysectomy. The postoperative pulse frequency of ACTH was the only characteristic with predictive value for the recurrence of PDH after hypophysectomy. The results of this study demonstrate that ACTH, cortisol, α-MSH, and GH are secreted in a pulsatile fashion in dogs with PDH. Hypophysectomy effectively reduces the secretion of ACTH and cortisol. The presence of ACTH pulses after hypophysectomy is a risk factor for the recurrence of hyperadrenocorticism.

Hatchery tank enrichment affects cortisol levels and shelter-seeking in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joacim Näslund ◽  
Malin Rosengren ◽  
Diego Del Villar ◽  
Lars Gansel ◽  
Johnny R. Norrgård ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
Plastic Tube ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Impact

Stocking programs using hatchery-reared salmon are often implemented for augmenting natural populations. However, survival of these fish is often low compared with wild conspecifics, possibly because of genetic, physiological, and behavioural deficiencies. Here, we compared presmolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from three different environmental treatments (barren environment, plastic tube enrichment, and plastic shredding enrichment) with regard to plasma cortisol levels, shelter-seeking behaviour, and fin deterioration. Basal plasma cortisol levels were higher in barren-reared fish, indicating higher stress levels, while no differences were found in acute cortisol response after a 30 min confinement test. Shelter-seeking was higher in salmon reared in enriched tanks when tested alone, but not when tested in small groups. Barren-reared fish had higher levels of fin deterioration over winter, potentially owing to higher aggression levels. These results suggest that enrichment can reduce the impact of stressors experienced in the hatchery and thus increase fish welfare. Tank enrichment may also be used to produce salmon better adapted for the more complex environment encountered after release.

Secondary adrenal insufficiency after intrathecal steroid administration

1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Chernow ◽  
Robert Vigersky ◽  
John T. O'Brian ◽  
Leon P. Georges
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Steroid Administration ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Corticotropin Stimulation

✓ A 38-year-old man developed secondary adrenal insufficiency as a consequence of intrathecal methylprednisolone administration. Evidence in support of this diagnosis included an absent plasma cortisol response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, an inadequate adrenal response to exogenous corticotropin stimulation, a typical delayed response to prolonged corticotropin infusion over 3 days, and the finding of an elevated level of prednisolone in the cerebrospinal fluid a full 2 months after its administration. It is therefore recommended that patients receiving intrathecal steroids be carefully observed for the possible development of secondary adrenal insufficiency.

Ontogeny of endocrine (ACTH, vasopressin, cortisol) responses to hypotension in lamb fetuses

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (6) ◽  
pp. E656-E661 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Rose ◽  
P. J. Meis ◽  
M. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Negative Feedback Regulation ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
Cortisol Levels

We studied the ACTH, vasopressin (AVP), and cortisol responses to nitroprusside-induced hypotension in 27 chronically cannulated lamb fetuses between 0.53 and 0.98 gestation. Age-related differences in the hormonal responses to hypotension were found. Hypotension was associated with peak AVP levels of 7.8 +/- 2.7 pg/ml (mean +/- SE) in animals less than 0.68 gestation and 63.5 +/- 20 pg/ml in animals 0.89–0.98 gestation (P less than 0.05). The peak ACTH response was 95 +/- 20 pg/ml in the youngest animals and 380 +/- 111 pg/ml in animals 0.83–0.88 gestation (P less than 0.05). These observations suggest that maturation of the systems (possibly neuroendocrine) subserving the hormonal responses occurs in utero. Fetal plasma cortisol levels did not increase in response to the increase in ACTH except in animals 0.89–0.98 gestation. At this time, the basal plasma cortisol levels were high (58.8 +/- 16.8 pg/ml) and the ACTH response to hypotension was attenuated. Taken together, these findings suggest functional negative feedback regulation of ACTH by cortisol in the late gestation fetus.

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