Patients cured from craniopharyngioma or nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma (NFMA) suffer similarly from increased daytime somnolence despite normal sleep patterns compared to healthy controls

The chapter ‘ADHD and sleep’ provides an overview of what is known about sleep in children with ADHD. The chapter begins by discussing normal sleep patterns across the lifespan, how sleep is regulated, and the consequences of insufficient sleep. It then reviews the literature relating to the prevalence and potential causes of sleep problems in children with ADHD. The chapter then provides an overview of both subjective and objective assessment methods of sleep in children with ADHD before reviewing the evidence for and providing recommendations for treatment of sleep problems in children with ADHD. The chapter concludes with suggestions for the future.

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EEG DIPOLE SOURCE ANALYSIS OF NORMAL SLEEP PATTERNS

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1097/00004691-199609000-00025 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 439-440

Author(s):

E. Rodin ◽

M. Rodin ◽

J. Thompson ◽

M. Litzinger

Keyword(s):

Source Analysis ◽

Dipole Source ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Dipole Source Analysis ◽

Normal Sleep

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Association of Sleep Disorders and Socio-demographic Characteristics in Patients with Depressive Disorder

10.53350/pjmhs211571822 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 1822-1824

Author(s):

Muhammad Iqbal Afridi ◽

Chooni Lal ◽

Rozeena Ameen Dharwarwala ◽

Jawed A. Dars ◽

Ali Bux Rajper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Disorder ◽

Older Patients ◽

Large Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Medical Illness ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Depressed Patients ◽

Normal Sleep

Objectives: To assess the pattern of sleep and the correlation with socio demographic parameters in patients with depressive disorder. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Study Setting and Duration: A psychiatric consultation clinic in Karachi from January 2015 till December 2019. Methodology: Patients between ages of 18 and 60 years, irrespective of gender were included in the study. Patients with florid psychotic symptoms, dementia and chronic debilitating medical illness such as chronic renal or liver failure were excluded. Pattern of sleep was categorized as patients with normal sleep (sound sleep of 7-9 hours), insomnia and hypersomnia. Diagnosis of Insomnia and hypersomnia was made according to ICD – criteria. Results: The mean age of patients was 30.89 (10.256) years. Age was significantly associated with the pattern of sleep among depressed patients. Younger patients between the ages of 18-35 years more frequently suffered from insomnia while the older patients (35-65 years) were more frequently experiencing hypersomnia (p=0.01). The majority of the patients who were either separated or divorced experienced hypersomnia, 15 (71.4%) however, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.582). The most common psychiatric comorbidity among patients was obsession compulsion disorder (OCD) with a frequency of 225 (39.4%) followed by anxiety disorders; 100 (17.5%). Conclusion: Our study indicates that sleep patterns are significantly challenged in depression patients. The younger population was more prone towards insomnia while the older patients more frequently had hypersomnia. Further large scale studies are needed to explore the risk factors associated with the sleep disturbance and the role normal sleep patterns play in recovery of depressed patients. Keywords: Psychiatry, Depression, Insomnia, Hypersomnia, Dementia

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Sleep disordered breathing at the extremes of age: infancy

Breathe ◽

10.1183/20734735.001016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. e1-e11 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Don S. Urquhart ◽

Hui-Leng Tan

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽

Respiratory Control ◽

Sleep Architecture ◽

List Type ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Ventilatory Control ◽

Educational Aims ◽

Normal Sleep ◽

Disordered Breathing

Educational aimsThe reader will be able to:Understand normal sleep patterns in infancyAppreciate disorders of breathing in infancyAppreciate disorders of respiratory controlNormal sleep in infancy is a time of change with alterations in sleep architecture, sleep duration, sleep patterns and respiratory control as an infant grows older. Interactions between sleep and respiration are key to the mechanisms by which infants are vulnerable to sleep disordered breathing.This review discusses normal sleep in infancy, as well as normal sleep breathing in infancy. Sleep disordered breathing (obstructive and central) as well as disorders of ventilatory control and infant causes of hypoventilation are all reviewed in detail.

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Zolpidem for Dementia-Related Insomnia and Nighttime Wandering

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/106002809703100309 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 319-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Penny S Shelton ◽

Leslie B Hocking

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Older Patients ◽

Low Dose ◽

African American Woman ◽

American Woman ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

Normal Sleep ◽

Nighttime Wandering

Objective To describe two elderly patients with dementia and severe nighttime wandering in whom Zolpidem restored normal sleep patterns. Case Summaries A 90-year-old African-American woman (case 1) and an 87-year-old African-American man (case 2) presented with nighttime wandering associated with the progression of Alzheimerlike dementia. Both patients had previously not responded to bedtime regimens of benzodiazepines, trazodone (an antidepressant used for its sedative properties), and neuroleptics. Both patients averaged 2–3 hours of sleep each night. Low-dose Zolpidem (5 mg hs) was initiated with only partial response. The dosage was titrated in 5-mg increments until the optimum dosage was reached for case 1 (15 mg hs) and case 2 (10 mg hs). These dosages have proven to be effective over a period of 3 months, with both patients averaging 7–8 hours of sleep each night with no apparent adverse effects. Discussion Dementia produces inversion of the circadian sleep/ wake cycle, leading to daytime sedation and nighttime wandering. Zolpidem, a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic with proven safety and efficacy in older patients with insomnia, was well tolerated and improved sleep patterns in two patients with dementia and severe nighttime wandering. Conclusions Zolpidem appears to be useful for restoring normal sleep patterns in elderly patients with dementia and nighttime wandering.

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Normal Sleep Patterns in Macaque Monkey

Archives of Neurology ◽

10.1001/archneur.1965.00460260023003 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 133-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

M. L. REITE ◽

J. M. RHODES ◽

E. KAVAN ◽

W. R. ADEY

Keyword(s):

Macaque Monkey ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Normal Sleep

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SLEEP PATTERNS AND LIKELIHOOD OF STROKE AND CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.331-a ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. 331-331

Author(s):

Adnan Qureshi ◽

M Fareed K Suri ◽

Mudit Sharma ◽

Ghias A Rana ◽

Zulfiqar Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Carotid Stenosis ◽

Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽

Daytime Somnolence ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test

85 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Sleep patterns may independently affect morbidity and mortality. However, the effect of habitual sleep patterns on the risk for stroke and carotid atherosclerosis is undetermined. METHODS: We evaluated the association of nocturnal snoring, sleep duration, and daytime somnolence with stroke and carotid artery stenosis in 1,348 adults who participated in a stroke screening program in Buffalo, New York. A standard questionnaire was used for each person to report sleep habits and cardiovascular risk factors. Each participant underwent carotid Doppler ultrasound testing and an interview by a neurologist or neurosurgeon to determine the presence of carotid stenosis or history of stroke. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine these relationships. RESULTS: Of the 1348 persons evaluated, 82 (6%) had a previous stroke and 96 (7.1%) had significant carotid stenosis (stenosis > 60%). The frequency of prior stroke was higher in individuals who routinely slept for more than 8 hours per night (14%) than in those who either slept for 6–8 hours (5.4%) or less than 6 hours (5.4%). Persons who experienced daytime somnolence regularly had a higher frequency of stroke (14%) than those who did not (4%). After adjusting for differences in age, race, gender, cigarette smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, the risk for stroke was significantly associated with daytime somnolence (Wald s chi-square test 11.8, p=0.018), average hours of sleep (Wald s chi-square test 14.7, p=0.002), and frequency of nocturnal snoring (Wald s chi-square test 13.3, p=0.009). After adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors, daytime somnolence, average hours of sleep, and frequency of nocturnal snoring were not associated with carotid atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: Daytime somnolence, sleeping more than 8 hours per night, and frequent nocturnal snoring increase the likelihood for stroke but not carotid atherosclerosis. This increased likelihood for stroke appears to be independent of atherosclerotic mechanisms and other cardiovascular risk factors.

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