Histochemical implications of the chemical and biological properties of SITS and some related compounds

1987 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Horobin ◽  
J. Nicholas Payne ◽  
Palle Jakobsen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Related Compounds

scholarly journals The progesterone-like action of testosterone and certain related compounds

1937 ◽  
Vol 121 (825) ◽  
pp. 574-579 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Small Dose ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Similar Activity ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chemical Constitution ◽  
General Investigation ◽  
Male Hormones ◽  
Related Compounds

The isolation of naturally occurring forms of oestrogenic and male hormones was soon followed by the demonstration that similar activity might be possessed, to a greater or lesser degree, by related compounds made artificially. When progesterone was isolated from the corpus luteum it was assumed that there would be an analogous lack of specificity, and investigation was immediately begun on the effect of slight changes in chemical constitution on the power to evoke progestational prolifera­tion. In the course of this work, Butenandt and his co-workers ( see the review by Westphal, 1935) examined a large number of compounds closely related to progesterone (pregnene-3: 20-dione), but failed to find pro-gesterone-like activity in any. Among the more interesting of these inactive compounds were “dihydroprogesterone” (pregnen-20-ol-3-one), inactive in a 2•7 mg. dose; pregnenolone (3-ol-20-one), inactive in 25 mg.; pregnanedione, inactive in 50 mg.; pregnanediol, inactive in 50 mg.; pregnan-20-ol-3-one, inactive in 9 mg.; and androstenedione, inactive in 30 mg. With the possible exception of dihydroprogesterone, which was tested in only a small dose, this work seemed to establish the in­ activity of these very closely related compounds, and by implication indicated the absolute specificity of progesterone. A general investigation of the biological properties of compounds of the androsterone-testosterone series carried out in this laboratory during 1935-36 led to the examination of certain of the compounds, especially those methylated or ethylated in position 17, for progesterone-like activity ( see Ruzicka, 1936, for discussion of the chemical relationships). To our surprise, in view of Butenandt’s results, certain of these compounds proved to be active (Klein and Parkes, 1936), and fuller investigation has shown that seven of them exert the specific activity previously thought to be restricted to progesterone.

Silica nanoparticles functionalized with porphyrins and analogs for biomedical studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (07n08) ◽  
pp. 517-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Figueira ◽  
José A.S. Cavaleiro ◽  
João P.C. Tomé
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Environmental Applications ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
The Times ◽  
Related Compounds

This review focus on the preparation of silica nanoparticles functionalized with porphyrins and related compounds. It is aimed to highlight their features as photosensitizers in the area of photodynamic therapy. In this field, photosensitizers have been covalently and non-covalently linked to silica nanoparticles, in order to study their photophysical and biological properties. Another fascinating scenario for photosensitizer-silica nanoparticles hybrids involves the possibility of including metal cores for conditioning the uptake in the target cells, allowing most of the times the combination of therapies and in certain conditions to facilitate the removal and reutilization of the photosensitizer in environmental applications.

The Acetate Pathway: Biosynthesis of Polyketides and Related Compounds

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Macrocyclic Lactone ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Initial Resistance ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
Monensin A ◽  
Polycyclic Ethers ◽  
Related Compounds

We saw in the previous chapter how Otto Wallach’s early proposal regarding the structural origin of terpenoid natural products was later refined by the insightful work of Leopold Rudzicka, leading to the biogenetic isoprene rule and all that it implies. In a nearly parallel fashion, we find in our present chapter a second, unrelated class of naturally occurring compounds whose characteristic structural features prompted an initial innovative hypothesis by J. N. Collie near the turn of the 20th century. Collie proposed that certain natural compounds might arise from precursors containing repeated “ketide” (–CH2CO–) units which could then undergo subsequent condensations and other reactions typical of carbonyl compounds to produce some of the observed structures. Unfortunately, Collie’s work was more or less ignored and largely forgotten for nearly a half century, only to be reimagined and expanded in the middle of the century by A. J. Birch, another pioneer whose proposals met with considerable initial resistance. But unlike his predecessor, Birch ultimately prevailed by providing experimental results that supported a comprehensive theory of the biochemical origin of the group of compounds now universally known as “polyketide” natural products. This structurally diverse family includes some of the most useful medicinal agents now known to us, with many members possessing powerful antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, immunosuppressant, and even cholesterol-lowering biological properties. As we see in Fig. 5.1, such structures range from the relatively simple to the exceedingly complex and may include large macrocyclic lactone rings (macrolides) such as erythromycin, polycyclic ethers such as monensin A, polycyclic structures which may be partly or mostly aromatic as in tetracycline, griseofulvin, or daunorubicin, or nonaromatic polycyclics such as tacrolimus and lovastatin. Some also contain noncyclic linear components that may be saturated, oxygenated, or unsaturated, as seen in different regions of amphotericin B which, like erythromycin, daunorubicin, and many other polyketides, also possesses an aglycone core which has been glycosylated with a carbohydrate component at a specific position. But in spite of this range of structures, many polyketide compounds share some common features that ultimately become more evident upon closer inspection; six-membered rings (either aromatic or nonaromatic) and multiple oxygens which tend to appear in a repeating 1,3-relationship to one another on both acyclic, cyclic, and aromatic structures.

Crystal structures of five new substituted tetrahydro-1-benzazepines with potential antiparasitic activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Macías ◽  
Lina M. Acosta ◽  
Carlos M. Sanabria ◽  
Alirio Palma ◽  
Pascal Roussel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Partial Ordering ◽  
Temperature Structure ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Antiparasitic Activity ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Structural Assembly ◽  
Antiparasitic Drugs ◽  
Related Compounds

Tetrahydro-1-benzazepines have been described as potential antiparasitic drugs for the treatment of chagas disease and leishmaniasis, two of the most important so-called `forgotten tropical diseases' affecting South and Central America, caused byTrypanosoma cruziandLeishmania chagasiparasites, respectively. Continuing our extensive work describing the structural characteristics of some related compounds with interesting biological properties, the crystallographic features of three epoxy-1-benzazepines, namely (2SR,4RS)-6,8-dimethyl-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-epoxy-1-benzazepine, (1), (2SR,4RS)-6,9-dimethyl-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-epoxy-1-benzazepine, (2), and (2SR,4RS)-8,9-dimethyl-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-epoxy-1-benzazepine, (3), all C22H21NO, and two 1-benzazepin-4-ols, namely 7-fluoro-cis-2-[(E)-styryl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-4-ol, C18H18FNO, (4), and 7-fluoro-cis-2-[(E)-pent-1-enyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-4-ol, C15H20FNO, (5), are described. Some peculiarities in the crystallization behaviour were found, involving significant variations in the crystalline structures as a result of modest changes in the peripheral substituents in (1)–(3) and the occurrence of discrete disorder due to the molecular overlay of enantiomers with more than one conformation in (5). In particular, an interesting phase change on cooling was observed for compound (5), accompanied by an approximate fourfold increase of the unit-cell volume and a change of theZ′ value from 1 to 4. This transition is a consequence of the partial ordering of the pentenyl chains in half of the molecules breaking half of the \overline{3} symmetry axes observed in the room-temperature structure of (5). The structural assembly in all the title compounds is characterized by not only (N,O)—H...(O,N) hydrogen bonds, but also by unconventional C—H...O contacts, resulting in a wide diversity of packing.

Potential antifertility agents. 4. Biological properties of diastereoisomeric 4-aryl-2-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acids and related compounds

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 813-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Crenshaw ◽  
George M. Luke ◽  
Thomas A. Jenks ◽  
Richard A. Partyka ◽  
Gabriel Bialy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Related Compounds

scholarly journals Naturally Occurring Homoisoflavonoids: Phytochemistry, Biological Activities and Synthesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhanu M. Abegaz ◽  
Joan Mutanyatta-Comar ◽  
Mathew Nindi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Related Compounds

This review covers the phytochemical, biological properties, and synthesis of naturally occurring homoisoflavonoids. Homoisoflavonoids are a very important class of secondary metabolites whose numbers have grown from 20 in 1981 to 157 at the present time. They are found to occur in seven plant families. For the purpose of this review they are classified into five groups: 3-benzylchroman-4-ones, 3-benzylflavans, Δ3,9 and Δ2,3 3-benzylchroman-4-ones, benzocyclobutenes (scillascillins) and rearranged homoisoflavonoids (brazilin and related compounds). Biosynthetically, the 3-benzylchroman-4-ones and the 3-hydroxy-derivatives have been shown to arise from a chalcone precursor (sappanchalcone) and there is strong evidence that this isolable intermediate can be converted into the diverse structures such as the benzocyclobutenes (scillascillins) and the rearranged, brazilin-type compounds. Homoisoflavonoids possess a wide range of biological activities, including, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, etc, properties. The review also surveys the chemical synthesis of natural homoisoflavonoids. Analytical methods for the determination of these important metabolites are also reviewed. The last section is devoted to a brief review of the diagnostic NMR spectroscopic features of homoisoflavonoids. A comprehensive Table has also been compiled listing all known metabolites, their sources, melting points and optical rotation values (where available) and references.

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