Expression of olfactory receptors in different life stages and life histories of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4059-4069 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. JOHNSTONE ◽  
K. P. LUBIENIECKI ◽  
B. F. KOOP ◽  
W. S. DAVIDSON
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Distribution of Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn in Liver, Gills and Muscle of Early Life Stages of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
María Gabriela Lobos ◽  
Claudio Sáez ◽  
Alejandra Chavarría ◽  
Maritza Sepúlveda ◽  
Patricia Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Spatial distribution of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) breeders: among- and within-river variation and predicted consequences for offspring habitat availability

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 1993-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Gravbrøt Finstad ◽  
Sigurd Einum ◽  
Leif Magnus Sættem ◽  
Bjart Are Hellen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Habitat Availability ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Juvenile Dispersal ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

The spatial distribution of breeders within populations may have important implications for offspring habitat availability in species where mobility of early life stages is restricted. Here we address this issue using time series of spawner distributions from eight Norwegian Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) populations. Whereas spawners distribute themselves uniformly along the length of the rivers in some populations, others show a heavily skewed distribution. Linear mixed models identified pronounced and temporally consistent among-population differences in spawner distributions. Using a model of limited juvenile dispersal from nests following emergence, we show that the observed spawner distributions are predicted to result in significant proportions of rivers being inaccessible for young of the year during early life stages, and the magnitude of this effect differs among populations (e.g., ranging from 27% to 59% for dispersal distance of 250 m). Thus, assuming population regulation during early but not later juvenile stages, consistent differences in spawner distributions among populations such as those observed here may translate into differences in productivity (i.e., carrying capacity) as well as egg densities required for populations to reach their spawning targets.

Freshwater habitat of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Bardonnet ◽  
Jean-Luc Baglinière
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Freshwater Habitat ◽  
Geomorphological Unit ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

This perspective summarizes our knowledge of the freshwater habitat of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The article is organized by life stage and identifies areas where more research is needed. For example, little is known of the kelt and presmolt life stages despite their importance in stock maintenance. We also believe that further investigation is required to assess the relevance of variables currently used to characterize habitat and that more attention should be focussed on adult and embryo-larva habitat requirements. We also discuss the fact that the majority of research is directed at habitat at the micro (i.e., immediate area around the fish) and macro scales (area of the geomorphological unit), while the influence of habitat at higher spatial scales should also be considered.

The marine phase of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) life cycle, with comparisons to Pacific salmon

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
L P Hansen ◽  
T P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are distributed over large areas in the north Atlantic Ocean. They usually move very quickly from freshwater to oceanic areas, whereas there is considerable variation among Pacific salmon in early marine movements. In some areas, Atlantic salmon of exploitable size are sufficiently abundant that commercial high seas fisheries have developed. Such areas are off west Greenland, where North American and European fish are harvested, and in the Norwegian Sea, north of the Faroe Islands, where mainly European fish are exploited. Atlantic salmon feed on a wide range of large crustaceans, pelagic fish, and squid in the marine environment, supporting the hypothesis that Atlantic salmon are opportunistic feeders. In the ocean the salmon grow relatively quickly and the sea age when they become sexually mature depends on both genetics and on growing conditions. Natural marine mortality of salmon is highest during the first few months at sea and the major mortality factor is probably predation. However, marine mortality of Atlantic salmon has increased in recent years, apparently correlated with a decline in sea surface temperatures. Similar relationships between environmental conditions and the growth and survival of Pacific salmon have been reported. Atlantic salmon life histories most closely mimic stream-type chinook salmon or steelhead trout among the Pacific species. Finally, Atlantic and Pacific salmon return to their home rivers with high precision and possible mechanisms controlling the oceanic homing migration are presented and discussed.

Interactions of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and trout (Salvelinus fontinalis and Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Vermont tributaries of the Connecticut River

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Raffenberg ◽  
Donna L Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Competitive interactions among stream salmonids in resource-limited environments have been linked to reduced success for many species. Few studies have focused on interactions at scales larger than individual fish or stream reach. We chose to focus our study on these larger scales to provide information for managing species that have complex life histories transcending multiple scales. Our objective was to explore age-0 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) growth and survival in relation to trout abundance (introduced rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and native brook (Salvelinus fontinalis) trout) and prey resources at 24 stream reaches across two Vermont watersheds that flow into the Connecticut River. Simple linear and multilinear regressions were conducted on response and predictor variables related to fish and invertebrate prey. Age-0 Atlantic salmon survival was greatest at the site with highest trout abundance; however, no linear relationships to trout abundance were detected possibly because Atlantic salmon growth and survival were highly variable across sites. In contrast, a positive significant multivariate relationship was identified among age-0 Atlantic salmon survival, the abundance of age-1+ brook trout (i.e., 100–130 mm), and benthic prey abundance. These results suggest that stocking streams based on trout abundance may not increase Atlantic salmon growth and survival during the first summer of life.

The interaction between behavior and physiology in determining life history patterns in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil B Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Growth Opportunity ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Genetically Determined

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exhibit extreme diversity in the age of smolt migration and sexual maturation, both within and among populations. Theoretical analyses reveal the adaptive significance of such variation, but models of the underlying physiological and behavioral mechanisms are also needed. I summarize one such proximate model that suggests that smolting and maturation are only triggered if expected performance trajectories exceed threshold levels during sensitive periods. The probability of a threshold being exceeded is therefore dependent on an individual fish's ability to acquire and utilize resources efficiently, which in turn depends on a range of physiological and behavioral traits. Spatial variation in life histories is chiefly caused by differences in growth opportunity, although there is evidence of geographical variation in genetically determined expected growth trajectories. Simulations show that small changes in young fry growth rates can have pronounced effects on mean smolt age and sex ratio, by influencing the proportion of males that fail to exceed the threshold for early smolting and mature as parr (and so are less likely to survive to smolting). More sophisticated proximate models should allow powerful predictions of smolt production based on simple environmental parameters, due to their influence on growth trajectories and hence life history decisions.

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