Fetal growth and childhood cholesterol levels in the United States

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Ogden ◽  
Kenneth C. Schoendorf ◽  
John L. Kiely ◽  
Matthew W. Gillman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

scholarly journals The Factors That Influence Dietary Habits Among International Students in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-120
Author(s):  
Amir A. Alakaam ◽  
Diana C. Castellanos ◽  
Jessica Bodzio ◽  
Lee Harrison
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Students ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The United States ◽  
Campus Environment ◽  
College Age ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Interview Guide

This study examines the dietary intake changes and factors related to dietary acculturation in international students attending an urban university in the United States. The researchers administered seven focus groups of college-age international students (n = 32) between June and August 2012. The participants were enrolled in Northeastern and Midwestern U.S. universities. A qualitative research inquiry was used for data collection, presentation, and analysis. An interview guide was developed to explore the dietary habits of international students. The results show the participants face many dietary challenges as a result of adapting to American culture. The major dietary-related influences include: the food environment, campus environment, religion, and individual preferences. Additionally, the consequences of dietary changes were associated with undesirable health outcomes including weight gain, increased blood glucose levels, increased cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, and mental problems.

scholarly journals A contemporary amniotic fluid volume chart for the United States: The NICHD Fetal Growth Studies–Singletons

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 67.e1-67.e12 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Owen ◽  
Paul S. Albert ◽  
Germaine M. Buck Louis ◽  
Karin M. Fuchs ◽  
William A. Grobman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Volume ◽  
Growth Studies

I. Rationale for Attention to Cholesterol Levels in Children and Adolescents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-536
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Chd Risk Factors

Compelling evidence exists that the atherosclerotic process begins in childhood and progresses slowly into adulthood, at which time it leads frequently to coronary heart disease (CHD), the major cause of death in the United States. Despite an impressive decline in mortality during the past 20 years, CHD is still responsible for more than 500 000 deaths annually. Each year, approximately 1.25 million Americans suffer a myocardial infarction, and about 300 000 coronary artery bypass operations are performed. Moreover, an estimated 7 million Americans have symptomatic CHD, accounting for more than 10 million office visits and more than 2 million hospitalizations per year. About 20 percent of hospital discharges for acute CHD are for premature disease, ie, in patients younger than 55 years of age. Many of these adults have children who may have CHD risk factors that need attention. Estimates of the annual cost of CHD range from $41.5 to $56 billion. Elevated blood cholesterol levels are an important cause of atherosclerosis and CHD according to numerous studies. The need to lower blood cholesterol levels in adults was addressed in 1988 when the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) published the Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. That report presented recommendations for lowering high cholesterol levels in individuals 20 years of age or older.1 The NCEP also has addressed blood cholesterol levels in the population as a whole; the Report of the Expert Panel on Population Strategies for Blood Cholesterol Reduction recommended an eating pattern low in saturated fatty acids (SFA), total fat, and cholesterol for all healthy Americans over the age of approximately 2 years2 to reduce average blood cholesterol levels in the United States.

What Are the Fetal Growth Patterns of Singletons, Twins, and Triplets in the United States?

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
GREG R. ALEXANDER ◽  
MICHAEL KOGAN ◽  
JOYCE MARTIN ◽  
EMILE PAPIERNIK
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growth Patterns

Factors Associated with Occurrence of Stillbirth before 32 Weeks of Gestation in a Contemporary Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Brackett ◽  
Eric S. Hall ◽  
Emily A. DeFranco ◽  
Robert M. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Factors Associated

Objective We sought to quantify the distribution of stillbirths by gestational age (GA) in a contemporary cohort and to determine identifiable risk factors associated with stillbirth prior to 32 weeks of gestation. Study Design Population-based case-control study of all stillbirths in the United States during the year 2014, utilizing vital statistics data, obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. Distribution of stillbirths were stratified by 20 to 44 weeks of GA, in women diagnosed with stillbirth in the antepartum period. Pregnancy characteristics were compared between those diagnosed with stillbirth <32 versus ≥32 weeks of gestation. Multivariate logistic regression estimated the relative influence of various factors on the outcome of stillbirth prior to 32 weeks of gestation. Results There were 15,998 nonlaboring women diagnosed with stillbirth during 2014 in the United States between 20 and 44 weeks. Of them, 60.1% (n = 9,618) occurred before antenatal fetal surveillance (ANFS) is typically initiated (<32 weeks) and 39.9% (n = 6,380) were diagnosed at ≥32 weeks. Women with stillbirth prior to 32 weeks were more likely to be of non-Hispanic Black race (29.0 vs. 23.9%, p < 0.001), nulliparous (53.8 vs. 50.6%, p = 0.001), have chronic hypertension (CHTN; 6.0 vs. 4.3%, p < 0.001), and fetal growth restriction as evidenced by small for GA (SGA < 10th%) birth weight (44.8 vs. 42.1%, p < 0.001) as opposed to women with stillbirth after 32 weeks. After adjustment, SGA birth weight (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–1.3), Black race (aOR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–1.3), and CHTN (aOR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.5) were associated with stillbirth prior to 32 weeks of gestation as opposed to stillbirth after 32 weeks. Conclusion More than 6 out of 10 stillbirths in this study occurred <32 weeks of gestation, before ANFS is typically initiated under American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommendations. Among identifiable risk factors, CHTN, Black race, and fetal growth restriction were associated with higher risk of stillbirth before 32 weeks of gestation. Earlier ANFS may be warranted at in certain “at risk” women. Key Points

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