Identification of isolate-specific and partial resistance to septoria tritici blotch in 238 European wheat cultivars and breeding lines

Two experimental sets of selected winter wheat cultivars, breeding lines, old Czech and Slovak landraces and wheat wild relatives were infected with three isolates (R-116, UH-105, BR-331) of Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici) isolated in the Czech Republic. Groups of cultivars with different disease severity to all three isolates of the pathogen were found. Differences between old Czech and Slovak landraces and wild wheat relatives were larger than between modern wheat cultivars and breeding materials. In experiment one the isolate BR-331 differed significantly from the other two isolates in virulence to the tested modern wheat cultivars and breeding lines. The method is considered as suitable for preliminary screening in wheat resistance breeding or phytopathological testing and as a complement to field tests.    

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Occurrence of Septoria tritici blotch in 1994-1996

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1997.002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 50 (1-2) ◽

pp. 11-26

Author(s):

Czesław Zamorski ◽

Bogdan Nowicki ◽

Ewa Mirzwa-Mróz

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Weather Condition ◽

Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

High Infection ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽

Very High

The aim of the work was to study an occurrence and intensity of septoria tritici blotch on wheat in different regions of Poland as well as reaction of winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines to infection by Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) Schroeter (an. Septoria tritici ( Rob. ex Desm .) under field conditions. Observation conducted during 1994-1996 indicated on occurrence of septoria tritici blotch each year and on important infection degree of winter wheat by Mycosphaerella gruminicola in some regions of the country. The highest infection was noted in 1995 and the lowest in 1994. Infection degree for majority of cultivars was quite high. Some cultivars and lines were characterized by very high infection. Among them were the old (Kujawianka Więcławska and Wysokolitewka Sztywnosłoma) and the newest (Tercja) cultivars. On some old cultivars (Leszczyńska Wczesna and Żelazna) even no traces of infection were observed although favourable weather condition existance and the presence of neighbourhood diseased plants. Field observation of cultivars and breeding lines showed different reaction of tested wheat genotypes to Mycosphaerella graminicola infection.

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Resistance of wheat cultivars and breeding lines to septoria tritici blotch caused by isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola in field trials

Plant Pathology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00565.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 325-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

J. K. M. Brown ◽

G. H. J. Kema ◽

H.-R. Forrer ◽

E. C. P. Verstappen ◽

L. S. Arraiano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽

Field Trials ◽

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Breeding Lines

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Reaction of winter wheat genotypes to infection by Mycosphaerella graminicola(Fuckel) Schroeter

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2002.022 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 233-246

Author(s):

Ewa Mirzwa-Mróz ◽

Czesław Zamorski

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars

The response of Polish winter wheat genotypes to M.graminicola (preliminary experiments and cultivar collections) was observed in different regions of Poland. Observations were carried out in 1995-1999. The winter wheat genotypes showed a broad spectrum of reaction to this pathogen. Between 1997 and 1999 the highest degree of infection on winter wheat breeding lines was noted in Kończewice. During this time no genotypes free from infection were observed (preliminary breeding experiments). Cultivars with no symptoms of Septoria tritici blotch (Leszczyńska Wczesna and Żelazna) were found among old genotypes in Słupia Wielka only in earlier experiments (1995-1996). In the years 1997-1999 the winter wheat cultivars were classified into groups on the basis of their response to the pathogen. The degree of infection for the majority cultivars was quite high.

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The impact of Septoria tritici blotch in bread making quality among argentinean wheat cultivars

Journal of Cereal Science ◽

10.1016/j.jcs.2017.08.020 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 77 ◽

pp. 259-265

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Castro ◽

María Rosa Simón

Keyword(s):

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Bread Making ◽

The Impact

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Understanding plant-pathogen interactions in Septoria tritici blotch infection of cereals

10.19103/as.2021.0092.10 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 263-302

Author(s):

Y. Petit-Houdenot ◽

◽

M.-H. Lebrun ◽

G. Scalliet ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungicide Resistance ◽

Resistance Management ◽

Infection Process ◽

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Molecular Studies ◽

The Subject ◽

Asymptomatic Phase ◽

Plant Pathogen Interactions

Zymoseptoria is a major fungal pathogen of wheat, responsible for the Septoria Tritici Blotch (STB) disease. Recently, STB has been the subject of intensive molecular studies. Notably, massive transcriptomic analyses have helped to explore this particular bi-phasic (asymptomatic/necrotrophic) infection process. Cytological analyses have also improved our understanding of the asymptomatic phase. These advances suggest that Zymoseptoria behaves as a hemi-biotrophic fungus, acting like an endophyte during its asymptomatic phase. STB is still difficult to control. The emergence of fungicide-resistant isolates has reduced the efficacy of many fungicides requiring the development of novel fungicides and methods to counteract/reduce fungicide resistance. Likewise, because Stb-resistant wheat cultivars have all been successively defeated by virulent isolates, there is a need to identify new resistance genes in wheat, and to develop better disease resistance management methods (pyramiding, mixture/alternation) to sustainably control this pathogen.

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Relationship of the severity of Septoria tritici blotch of wheat to sowing time, rainfall at heading and average susceptibility of wheat cultivars in the area

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9900307 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 307 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

GM Murray ◽

RH Martin ◽

BR Cullis

Keyword(s):

New South ◽

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Daily Maximum Temperature ◽

Daily Maximum ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

South Wales ◽

Before And After ◽

Rainy Days

The severity of epidemics of Septoria tritici blotch (STB) in wheat, caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola, was recorded for a 38-year period at Temora in southern New South Wales. The disease was rated as severe in 11 years, moderate in 11 and nil to light in 15, while very wet conditions prevented sowing in one year. The correlation of disease severity (S, where 0 =nil, 7 =very severe) with environmental and management factors was examined: the correlation was positive with days from sowing to heading and with rainfall ( R-4W , R+4W, mm) and the number of rainy days in the 4-week periods before and after heading; negative with the time of sowing (DS, day of year) and with mean daily maximum temperature in the 4-week periods before and after heading. Days from sowing to heading were negatively correlated with sowing day, and rainy days and mean daily maximum temperature were correlated with total rainfall in the same time period. Addition of these terms did not significantly improve the prediction of severity. The cumulative sum of the recursive residuals from this regression showed a trend with time that was associated with the average susceptibility (SAV, where 1 =highly resistant, 7 =extremely susceptible) of wheat cultivars to STB grown in the district in the previous year. The second model showed that the reduction of the average susceptibility of cultivars grown in an area will reduce the severity of STB. It provided justification for minimum disease standards for cultivars to be grown where STB is potentially severe. Further, it explained the distribution of severity of STB in New South Wales.

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Partial Resistance to Septoria Tritici Blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola) in Wheat Cultivars Arina and Riband

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2004.94.5.497 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 94 (5) ◽

pp. 497-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

L. Chartrain ◽

P. A. Brading ◽

J. P. Widdowson ◽

J. K. M. Brown

Keyword(s):

Partial Resistance ◽

Single Gene ◽

Heading Date ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Doubled Haploid Population ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Plant Trials

Partial resistance to Septoria tritici blotch (STB) and its inheritance were investigated in a doubled-haploid population of a cross between cvs. Arina and Riband. The former has good partial resistance whereas the latter is susceptible. In adult plant trials in polytunnels, STB disease scores were negatively correlated with heading date. Resistance was not specific to any of the three fungal isolates used in these tests. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) for partial resistance to STB was identified in Riband on chromosome 6B and is named QStb.psr-6B-1. No QTL controlling a major part of the Arina resistance was identified, suggesting that its resistance may be dispersed and polygenic. There was no correlation between the lines' mean disease scores at the seedling and adult stages, implying that partial resistance to STB is developmentally regulated. Seedling resistance to the isolate IPO323 was isolate-specific and controlled by a single gene in Arina, probably allelic with the Stb6 gene in cv. Flame that confers resistance to the same isolate. The implications of these results for wheat breeding programs are discussed.

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Behavior of Spanish durum wheat genotypes against Zymoseptoria tritici: resistance and susceptibility

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2021193-17953 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. e1002-e1002

Author(s):

Rafael Porras ◽

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Commercial Cultivars ◽

Growth Chambers

Aim of study: Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide, affecting both bread and durum wheat. The lack of knowledge about the interaction of durum wheat with Z. tritici, together with limited resources of resistant durum wheat material, have both led to a rising threat for durum wheat cultivation, particularly in the Mediterranean Basin. In Spain, STB has increased its incidence in the last few years, leading to higher costs of fungicide applications to control the disease. Therefore, identification of new sources of resistance through wheat breeding stands out as an efficient method of facing STB. Area of study: The experimental study was conducted in growth chambers at the IFAPA facilities in Córdoba (Spain). Material and methods: The percentage of necrotic leaf area, the disease severity, and the pycnidium development through image analysis were evaluated from 48 durum wheat Spanish accessions (breeding lines and commercial cultivars) in growth chambers against an isolate of Z. tritici from Córdoba. Main results: Two breeding lines and six commercial cultivars showed resistant responses by limiting STB development through the leaf or its reproduction ability, while the other 40 accessions presented a susceptible response. Research highlights: Provided these resources of resistance in Spanish durum wheat genotypes, future breeding programs could be developed, incorporating both agronomic traits and resistance to STB.

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Ranking Quantitative Resistance to Septoria tritici Blotch in Elite Wheat Cultivars Using Automated Image Analysis

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-04-17-0163-r ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 108 (5) ◽

pp. 568-581 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Petteri Karisto ◽

Andreas Hund ◽

Kang Yu ◽

Jonas Anderegg ◽

Achim Walter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Quantitative Resistance ◽

Major Gene ◽

Growing Season ◽

Automated Image Analysis ◽

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽

Breeding Programs

Quantitative resistance is likely to be more durable than major gene resistance for controlling Septoria tritici blotch (STB) on wheat. Earlier studies hypothesized that resistance affecting the degree of host damage, as measured by the percentage of leaf area covered by STB lesions, is distinct from resistance that affects pathogen reproduction, as measured by the density of pycnidia produced within lesions. We tested this hypothesis using a collection of 335 elite European winter wheat cultivars that was naturally infected by a diverse population of Zymoseptoria tritici in a replicated field experiment. We used automated image analysis of 21,420 scanned wheat leaves to obtain quantitative measures of conditional STB intensity that were precise, objective, and reproducible. These measures allowed us to explicitly separate resistance affecting host damage from resistance affecting pathogen reproduction, enabling us to confirm that these resistance traits are largely independent. The cultivar rankings based on host damage were different from the rankings based on pathogen reproduction, indicating that the two forms of resistance should be considered separately in breeding programs aiming to increase STB resistance. We hypothesize that these different forms of resistance are under separate genetic control, enabling them to be recombined to form new cultivars that are highly resistant to STB. We found a significant correlation between rankings based on automated image analysis and rankings based on traditional visual scoring, suggesting that image analysis can complement conventional measurements of STB resistance, based largely on host damage, while enabling a much more precise measure of pathogen reproduction. We showed that measures of pathogen reproduction early in the growing season were the best predictors of host damage late in the growing season, illustrating the importance of breeding for resistance that reduces pathogen reproduction in order to minimize yield losses caused by STB. These data can already be used by breeding programs to choose wheat cultivars that are broadly resistant to naturally diverse Z. tritici populations according to the different classes of resistance.

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