The impact of Septoria tritici blotch in bread making quality among argentinean wheat cultivars

AbstractFusarium graminearum and Zymoseptoria tritici cause economically important diseases of wheat. F. graminearum is one of the primary causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Z. tritici is the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch (STB). Alternative control methods are required in the face of fungicide resistance and EU legislation which seek to cut pesticide use by 2030. Both fungal pathogens have been described as either hemibiotrophs or necrotrophs. A microbial fermentation-based product (MFP) was previously demonstrated to control the biotrophic pathogen powdery mildew, on wheat. Here we investigated if MFP would be effective against the non-biotrophic fungal pathogens of wheat, F. graminearum and Z. tritici. We assessed the impact of MFP on fungal growth, disease control and also evaluated the individual constituent parts of MFP. Antifungal activity towards both pathogens was found in vitro but MFP only significantly decreased disease symptoms of FHB in planta. In addition, MFP was found to improve the grain number and weight, of uninfected and F. graminearum infected wheat heads.

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Development and Evaluation of a Leaf Disease Damage Extension in Cropsim-CERES Wheat

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9030120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 120 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Georg Röll ◽

William Batchelor ◽

Ana Castro ◽

María Simón ◽

Simone Graeff-Hönninger

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Mean Squared Error ◽

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Extended Model ◽

Simple Method ◽

Area Index ◽

The Impact

Developing disease models to simulate and analyse yield losses for various pathogens is a challenge for the crop modelling community. In this study, we developed and tested a simple method to simulate septoria tritici blotch (STB) in the Cropsim-CERES Wheat model studying the impacts of damage on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. A model extension was developed by adding a pest damage module to the existing wheat model. The module simulates the impact of daily damage on photosynthesis and leaf area index. The approach was tested on a two-year dataset from Argentina with different wheat cultivars. The accuracy of the simulated yield and leaf area index (LAI) was improved to a great extent. The Root mean squared error (RMSE) values for yield (1144 kg ha−1) and LAI (1.19 m2 m−2) were reduced by half (499 kg ha−1) for yield and LAI (0.69 m2 m−2). In addition, a sensitivity analysis of different disease progress curves on leaf area index and yield was performed using a dataset from Germany. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated the ability of the model to reduce yield accurately in an exponential relationship with increasing infection levels (0–70%). The extended model is suitable for site specific simulations, coupled with for example, available remote sensing data on STB infection.

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Evaluation of different fungicides and nitrogen rates on grain yield and bread-making quality in wheat affected by Septoria tritici blotch and yellow spot

Journal of Cereal Science ◽

10.1016/j.jcs.2018.07.014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

pp. 49-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Castro ◽

María Constanza Fleitas ◽

Matías Schierenbeck ◽

Guillermo Sebastián Gerard ◽

María Rosa Simón

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Yellow Spot ◽

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Bread Making ◽

Nitrogen Rates

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Biocontrol strategies to reduce the impact of Septoria tritici blotch in wheat

Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía ◽

10.24215/16699513e060 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 119 (2) ◽

pp. 060

Author(s):

Cristina Cordo ◽

Rodrigo Altamirano ◽

María Rosa Simón ◽

Marina Stocco ◽

Gladys Lampugnani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Progress Curve ◽

The Impact ◽

Coated Seed

Trichoderma strains are used as biofungicides for some plant diseases. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of Trichoderma harzianum isolates, applied alone and in combination with fungicides, to control Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch of wheat, and their impact on wheat yield and its components. To this end, field experiments were performed in 2010 and 2011 and 10 different treatments were applied. The disease severity was assessed by visual estimation of the leaf area affected by Z. tritici at the first node, anthesis and early dough growth stages. The best results for reducing the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) were “coated seed only with T. harzianum” and “coated seed plus two foliar application of T. harzianum”. Regarding the increase in yield gain and the improvement of yield components, the fungicide treatment applied at seedling, and tillering in 2011 provided significant increase. Respect the treatments with the application of T. harzianum the best was only one application as coated seed of the biocontroler alone showing yield responses similar to the ones obtained with the fungicide treatments. We recommended the coated seed alone because the protective effect lasts until the early dough stage of ripening. This application produced a comparable yield to that obtained with three applications of T. harzianum at different phenological stages of wheat with as well as with more than one application of commercial fungicide. We found a strong relationship between the number of kernels per spike and the wheat yield in 2011 as a consequence of the best environmental conditions for the disease’s occurrence. Contrary, it was shown a non-significant association between thousand kernel weight (TKW) and the wheat yield.

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Use of Detached Seedling Leaf Test to Evaluate Wheat Resistance to Septoria Tritici Blotch

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/3669-cjgpb ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 112-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Věchet ◽

M. Vojáčková

Keyword(s):

Field Tests ◽

Resistance Breeding ◽

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽

Modern Wheat ◽

Wheat Wild Relatives ◽

Seedling Leaf

Two experimental sets of selected winter wheat cultivars, breeding lines, old Czech and Slovak landraces and wheat wild relatives were infected with three isolates (R-116, UH-105, BR-331) of Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici) isolated in the Czech Republic. Groups of cultivars with different disease severity to all three isolates of the pathogen were found. Differences between old Czech and Slovak landraces and wild wheat relatives were larger than between modern wheat cultivars and breeding materials. In experiment one the isolate BR-331 differed significantly from the other two isolates in virulence to the tested modern wheat cultivars and breeding lines. The method is considered as suitable for preliminary screening in wheat resistance breeding or phytopathological testing and as a complement to field tests.    

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Understanding plant-pathogen interactions in Septoria tritici blotch infection of cereals

10.19103/as.2021.0092.10 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 263-302

Author(s):

Y. Petit-Houdenot ◽

◽

M.-H. Lebrun ◽

G. Scalliet ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungicide Resistance ◽

Resistance Management ◽

Infection Process ◽

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Molecular Studies ◽

The Subject ◽

Asymptomatic Phase ◽

Plant Pathogen Interactions

Zymoseptoria is a major fungal pathogen of wheat, responsible for the Septoria Tritici Blotch (STB) disease. Recently, STB has been the subject of intensive molecular studies. Notably, massive transcriptomic analyses have helped to explore this particular bi-phasic (asymptomatic/necrotrophic) infection process. Cytological analyses have also improved our understanding of the asymptomatic phase. These advances suggest that Zymoseptoria behaves as a hemi-biotrophic fungus, acting like an endophyte during its asymptomatic phase. STB is still difficult to control. The emergence of fungicide-resistant isolates has reduced the efficacy of many fungicides requiring the development of novel fungicides and methods to counteract/reduce fungicide resistance. Likewise, because Stb-resistant wheat cultivars have all been successively defeated by virulent isolates, there is a need to identify new resistance genes in wheat, and to develop better disease resistance management methods (pyramiding, mixture/alternation) to sustainably control this pathogen.

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Relationship of the severity of Septoria tritici blotch of wheat to sowing time, rainfall at heading and average susceptibility of wheat cultivars in the area

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9900307 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 307 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

GM Murray ◽

RH Martin ◽

BR Cullis

Keyword(s):

New South ◽

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Daily Maximum Temperature ◽

Daily Maximum ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

South Wales ◽

Before And After ◽

Rainy Days

The severity of epidemics of Septoria tritici blotch (STB) in wheat, caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola, was recorded for a 38-year period at Temora in southern New South Wales. The disease was rated as severe in 11 years, moderate in 11 and nil to light in 15, while very wet conditions prevented sowing in one year. The correlation of disease severity (S, where 0 =nil, 7 =very severe) with environmental and management factors was examined: the correlation was positive with days from sowing to heading and with rainfall ( R-4W , R+4W, mm) and the number of rainy days in the 4-week periods before and after heading; negative with the time of sowing (DS, day of year) and with mean daily maximum temperature in the 4-week periods before and after heading. Days from sowing to heading were negatively correlated with sowing day, and rainy days and mean daily maximum temperature were correlated with total rainfall in the same time period. Addition of these terms did not significantly improve the prediction of severity. The cumulative sum of the recursive residuals from this regression showed a trend with time that was associated with the average susceptibility (SAV, where 1 =highly resistant, 7 =extremely susceptible) of wheat cultivars to STB grown in the district in the previous year. The second model showed that the reduction of the average susceptibility of cultivars grown in an area will reduce the severity of STB. It provided justification for minimum disease standards for cultivars to be grown where STB is potentially severe. Further, it explained the distribution of severity of STB in New South Wales.

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Control of Septoria tritici blotch by winter wheat cultivar mixtures: Meta-analysis of 19 years of cultivar trials

10.1101/658575 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Rose Kristoffersen ◽

Lise Nistrup Jørgensen ◽

Lars Bonde Eriksen ◽

Ghita Cordsen Nielsen ◽

Lars Pødenphant Kiær

Keyword(s):

Disease Control ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Pure Stand ◽

Data Set ◽

The Impact ◽

Cultivar Mixtures ◽

Better Than

AbstractWheat is the most commonly grown cereal crop in Europe and in major parts the most yield limiting disease is Septoria tritici blotch (STB). Currently, the control of the disease depends on cultivar resistance and significant input of fungicides. The impact of using mixtures of elite cultivars as an alternative was investigated through a meta-analysis based on trial data from the Danish national cultivar testing. The cultivar testing includes a four-way cultivar mixture every year and in these trials STB severity and yield have been monitored at multiple locations between 1995 and 2017. Results from 19 years of cultivar testing trials provided a data set for 406 trials from which the effect of mixtures was evaluated. The meta-analysis revealed that cultivar mixtures reduced STB severity with 10.6% and increased yields with 1.4% across all trials. The effects were greatest in untreated trials where STB severity was reduced with 17% and yields increased with 2.4%. The mixtures did not only perform better than the average of their component cultivars grown as pure stand, they also performed better than the average of the four most grown cultivars in a given year. No relationship was found between disease pressure or location and the performance of the mixtures. The mixtures included in the cultivar testing were not designed to control STB and the results are therefore perceived as a baseline to the attainable disease control from mixtures. The use of cultivar mixtures is relevant for low input farming systems, but can also contribute to disease control in intensive farming systems. Cultivar mixtures have the potential to minimise dependency on fungicides as an important element in integrated pest management.

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Ranking Quantitative Resistance to Septoria tritici Blotch in Elite Wheat Cultivars Using Automated Image Analysis

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-04-17-0163-r ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 108 (5) ◽

pp. 568-581 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Petteri Karisto ◽

Andreas Hund ◽

Kang Yu ◽

Jonas Anderegg ◽

Achim Walter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Quantitative Resistance ◽

Major Gene ◽

Growing Season ◽

Automated Image Analysis ◽

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽

Breeding Programs

Quantitative resistance is likely to be more durable than major gene resistance for controlling Septoria tritici blotch (STB) on wheat. Earlier studies hypothesized that resistance affecting the degree of host damage, as measured by the percentage of leaf area covered by STB lesions, is distinct from resistance that affects pathogen reproduction, as measured by the density of pycnidia produced within lesions. We tested this hypothesis using a collection of 335 elite European winter wheat cultivars that was naturally infected by a diverse population of Zymoseptoria tritici in a replicated field experiment. We used automated image analysis of 21,420 scanned wheat leaves to obtain quantitative measures of conditional STB intensity that were precise, objective, and reproducible. These measures allowed us to explicitly separate resistance affecting host damage from resistance affecting pathogen reproduction, enabling us to confirm that these resistance traits are largely independent. The cultivar rankings based on host damage were different from the rankings based on pathogen reproduction, indicating that the two forms of resistance should be considered separately in breeding programs aiming to increase STB resistance. We hypothesize that these different forms of resistance are under separate genetic control, enabling them to be recombined to form new cultivars that are highly resistant to STB. We found a significant correlation between rankings based on automated image analysis and rankings based on traditional visual scoring, suggesting that image analysis can complement conventional measurements of STB resistance, based largely on host damage, while enabling a much more precise measure of pathogen reproduction. We showed that measures of pathogen reproduction early in the growing season were the best predictors of host damage late in the growing season, illustrating the importance of breeding for resistance that reduces pathogen reproduction in order to minimize yield losses caused by STB. These data can already be used by breeding programs to choose wheat cultivars that are broadly resistant to naturally diverse Z. tritici populations according to the different classes of resistance.

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